专四阅读完型第二套模拟.doc

专四阅读和完型第二套模拟题及答案解析Part III: 完型填空For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In _31_ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _32_ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are_33_ readers. Most of us develop poor reading _34_ at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency _35_ in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have _36_ meaning until they are strung to gather into phrase, sentences and paragraphs. _37_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to _38_ words or passages, Regression, the tendency to look back over _39_ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which _40_ down the speed of reading is vocalization sounding each word either orally or mentally as _41_ reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an _42_, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _43_ the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, _44_ word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At fist _45_ is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, _46_ your comprehension will improve. Many people have found _47_ reading skill drastically improved after some training. _48_ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172words a minute _49_ the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighter that how he can _50_ a lot more reading material in a short period of time.31 A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting32 A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly33 A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent34 A. training B. habits C. situlations D. custom35 A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves36 A. some B. a lot C. little D. dull37 A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately38 A. reuse B. reward C. rewrite D. recite39 A. what B. which C. that D. if40 A. scales B. cuts C.slows D. measures41 A. some one B. one C. he D. reader42 A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer43 A. then B. as C. beyond D. than44 A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating45 A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression46 A. but B. nor C. or D. for47 A. our B. your C. their D. such a48 A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider49 A. for B. in C. after D. before50 A. master B. go over C. present D. get throughPart V 阅读理解Text A: Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.In recent ten years, 15.79 percent of cases brought to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were described as successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if not most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases hiring discrimination often go undetected.Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-managers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not sue because the costs of a lawsuit outweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring, at least for entry-level jobs. Recently, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston in which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious (虚构的) entry-level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younger applicants, whose date of high school graduation indicated that they were less than 50 years old, were 40 percent more likely to be called back for an interview than were older applicants.It is difficult to tell whether employment problems are worse for older workers than for other workers when times are bad. The number of discrimination lawsuits increases during times of high unemployment, but this finding by itself does not indicate an increased level of age discrimination. In times of higher unemployment, the opportunity cost to a lawsuit is lower than it is when times are good.From the employers perspective, mass layoffs may seem like a good chance to remove a higher proportion of generally more expensive older workers without the worry of being sued. On the other hand, employers may be less likely to remove protected older workers because they still fear lawsuits. One thing we do know is that once an older worker loses a job, he or she is much less likely to find a new job than a younger worker is.Unfortunately, the effect of legislation prohibiting age discrimination is not easy to see and may actually be part of the reason it is so difficult for older workers to find employment. If it is more difficult to fire an older worker than a younger worker, a firm will be less likely to want to hire older workers. Indeed, my research finds that in states where workers have longer time to bring a lawsuit claim, older men work fewer weeks per year, are less likely to be hired, and less likely to be fired than men in states where they do not have as much.Not many people would suggest that we go back to a world prior to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, in which advertisements specify the specific ages of people they are willing to hire. However, legislation prohibiting discrimination is no panacea (万灵药). The recent proposed congressional legislation could have both positive and negative effects on potential older workers.1. A lot of cases of age discrimination are not found becauseA. age discrimination law was just introduced recently.B. other discriminated groups dont sue except the whites.C. age discrimination cases are in large quantity and it is difficult to detect all of them.D. many discriminated people dont sue and costs of a lawsuit outweigh potential benefits.2. The labor market experiment in Boston shows thatA. younger male applicants are more likely to be hired than their female counterparts.B. age discrimination is quite common in hiring process.C. the author collected information by interviewing female applicants.D. female applicants who are 50 years old will never have a chance to get a job.3. What may lead to the increase of discrimination lawsuits during times of high unemployment?A. The increase of age discrimination.B. The decrease of age discrimination.C. The decrease of opportunity cost to lawsuits.D. The increase of opportunity cost to lawsuits, .4. From the last paragraph, we learn thatA. employers could specify the ages of people they want to hire in the past.B, all employers recruited workers through advertisement in the past.C. legislation prohibiting discrimination cant free old workers from age discrimination.D. the recent proposed congressional legislation is ineffective.5. The author is _ when he analyzes the age discrimination issue.A. pessimisticB. partialC. objectiveD. doubtfulText B:Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friendsparents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can, hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parents refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.1. According to the passage, children would arouse parents disappointment forA. admiring their friends homes.B. talking back to their parents.C. complaining home-made dishes.D. making some spiteful remark.2. When adolescents feel disillusion with their parents, it means that theyA. feel disappointed with their parents.B. are developing into maturity.C. just want to hurt their parents.D. are expressing their discontentment.3. Adolescents in Victorian timesA. had shown more respect for parents than today.B. always answered back to deal with the problem.C. admired the authoritarian attitude of their parents.D. were too afraid to tell what they really thought.4. What is the tone of the passage?A. Critical.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Ambiguous.5. What does this passage mainly discuss?A. Children will become more and more mature when growing up.B. Parents have to change their ways in educating their children.C. The conflicts between parents and their children are inevitable.D. Parents have made mistakes in communication with children.Text C:What comes to mind when you hear the word-diversity? Issues of race or gender may spring to mindEqual rights? Or minority issues?I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word1 would tend to say diversity is “differentness” in any formA good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territoryIssues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation， personality，and countless other factors that make us uniqueDiversity affects everyoneIts for this reason that diversity has become such a buzz wordThe buzz happens because its all about how you handle itIts very much like the job a composer has when creating a great musical compositionIf the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in combination with the other parts，the result achieved is extraordinaryIf, however，none of the parts is communicating with the others，were left with a cacophony(刺耳的声音)On a personal levelits this understanding and acceptance of “the other” which rests at the core of diversityWhether were talking about navigating through a multicultural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context，it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about “the other” and put oneself in the others shoes. So how do we make this leap? Its often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily what the other side sees.Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle. I first present the magic and accomplish the impossible. The participants receive the same props but simply cant manage. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly are empowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible.The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for peoples differences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved.Diversity awareness is an evolution. We cant get there by snapping our fingers, and it isnt a matter of training people to have textbook politically correct attitudes. Instead its a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see it that way, and then making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.1. According to the author, diversity isA. confusing.B. extraordinary.C. quite common.D. universal.2. It in Paragraph Three refers toA. diversity.B. the buzz.C. how to handle diversity.D. the formation of diversity.3. The author believes thatA. to handle diversity one should put himself in others shoes.B. when you are in a foreign environment, do as the Romans do.C. diversity can hardly be defined.D. diversity derives from cultural difference.4. The example of a magic lesson is to showA. everyone can do magic.B. magic is nothing but a feat.C. what blocks people from handling diversity.D. it is possible to achieve anything.5. How to raise diversity awareness according to the author?A. By living in an unfamiliar environment.B. By having politically correct attitudes.C. By being sensitive to everything one experiences.D. By understanding peoples differences.Text D:For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes usor what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, theyve had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good onesbut only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people well ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. Siblings, says family sociologist Katherine Conger, are with us for the whole journey.Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth orderOlder sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost soulsThe stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly endedBut all thats changin9At research centers in the US，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0or away fromrisky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to termsor blowsover such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritismFrom that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adultsDoes the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddys girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the intergender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says CongerBut today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us1The beginning of the passage indicates thatAresearchers have found out what shapes usBour peer is the last factor influencing usCwhat researchers found contributes in a limited wayDwhat researchers found is good and trustworthy2In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsAoffer us much useful informationBhave great influences on usCare the ones who love us completelyDaccompany us throughout our life3In scientific community, previous research on siblingsAmostly focused on the sibling orderBstudied the characteristics of the kidsCstudied the matter in a broad senseDwasnt believable and the discussion ended4Whi