被动语态 (2).doc

某些系动词，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等用主动形式表示被动意义;主语通常是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。如：The material feels very soft. 这种料子摸起来很柔软。误：The material is felt very soft.The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。误：The music is sounded beautiful.表示主语由内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，用主动表示被动，常见的这类动词有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock等。1. 同well, badly, easily等副词连用。如：The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。The book sells well. 那本书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔很好写。2. 谓语动词用否定式。如：The window wont open. 这扇窗开不了。The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。3. 主语+谓语(blow, wear等) +主补。如：The door blew open. 门被风吹开了。某些日常用语，cook, bake, make, print, pack, build, work out等动词用于进行时态时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The fish is cooking. 鱼正在煮。The book is printing. 那本书正在印刷中。The plan is working out. 计划正在制订。不定式在下列情况下用主动形式表示被动意义：1. 在“be+形容词+fit to do”句型中。如：English words are difficult to remember. 英语单词很难记。注：常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。2. 在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。如：We found the book easy to understand. 我们觉得这本书的容易懂。3. 在This /That /These /Those be后的名词后的不定式。如：This is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。4. 在“there be/have/with sth. to do(有要) ”结构中。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。5. 在“疑问代词+不定式”结构。如：The question is what to do next. 问题是接下来做什么。6. 在“be to blame/seek/let”结构中。如：The house is to let. 此房出租。He is to blame for this. 他因此事应受到责备()。在表示“需要”的need, want, require，及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The floor needs sweeping. 这地需要打扫了。That picture is worth looking at. 那幅画值得看。英语主动语态知识点详解：含被动意义的主动语态1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well. 这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2)blame, lent(出租), remain, keep, rent, buildI was to blame for the accident. 我对这起事故负责。Much work remains. 还有大量工作要做。3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门需要修了。This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。初中英语被动语态知识点详解：被动语态的五个重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. /yfdq/3095.htmlA. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C;又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D;又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C;故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D;又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项A;答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that;故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A;又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B;故选C。将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B;选项C中又漏掉了of;故选D。在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。2. Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost解析：因lose与jobs是被动关系，排除A和D;又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away解析：因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C;又因quantities of作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B;指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A;故选D。4. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.()A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C;又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。5. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completed B. has completedC. will have been completed D. will have completed解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B;又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _run over by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. turn解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。初中英语被动语态知识点详解：不用于被动语态的情形1. 不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。2. 某些静态动词不用于被动语态英语有些静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态