大学英语专业,综合英语教程第八单元考点整理.doc

U8surpass (v.) exceed, be greater than超越；胜过；非所能办到There is no greater challenge than to surpass yourself. 这工作非他的技术所能胜任。correlative (a.) having or showing a relation to sth. else相关的，有相互关系的Rights are correlative with duties.correlation (n.) 相关，关联a high correlation between the climate and crops.correlate (v.)使有相互关系Cease (v.) to come to an end, to stop doing something or stop happening停止，结束He never ceased from his activities as a propagandist.The old German Empire ceased to exist in 1918.Cease fire! proportion n. the correct relation in size, degree 成比例We do not always find visible happiness in proportion to visible virtue. 塞缪尔约翰逊 “我们会发现可见的幸福不一定与可见的美德成正比 ”vt. 使成比例, 使均衡, 分摊proportion the expenses to the receipts量入为出out of proportion to无根据地夸大某事/ 不合比例When you are angry, you often get things out of proportion.due (a.) proper, adequate 适当的; 应有的Due care must be taken while one is driving.due esteem / respect / reward应有的评价；全部应有的尊敬Spectacular (a.) attracting excited notice, gradually unusual壮丽的，惊人的，公开展示的 Avatar is a spectacular film.阿凡达是一部场面壮观的电影。Disinterested (a.) having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore able to judge a situation fairly无私的，公正的，冷漠的，廉洁的 A judge should be disinterested, he should not favor any individuals.法官应该公平无私。 interest (v.) interested (a.) interesting (a.)Eminent (a.) famous and admired杰出的，有名的；明显的The students are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist. eminent souls社会名流， 杰出人士eminent fame声誉卓著Inculcate (v.) fix beliefs or ideas in somebodys mind, especially by repeating them often教育，反复灌输it is important to inculcate the young with the sense of duty.向年轻人灌输责任感Emancipation (n.) freedom from political, moral, intellectual or social restraints offensive to reason or justice 解放Emancipation Proclamation 美 解放黑奴宣言Appalling (a.) horrifying, shocking可怕的，令人震惊的appalling working conditionsappalling violence.When will this appalling war end?His ignorance is appalling.appall (v.) appalled (a.)惊骇的。丧胆的Impartiality (n.)the condition of treating all rivals or disputants equally公平，公正The state must ensure the independence and impartiality of the justice system.His impartiality was highly suspect.partial (a.), partiality (n.)partially (ad.), impartial (a.)impartially (ad.)Instill (v.)to gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude,) in a persons mind逐渐灌输Morality should be instilled into their minds.instill confidence/fear/discipline etc into somebodyconfer on (upon) give or grant (an official title, degree, honour, right or advantage to someone)授予(称号、学位等), 赠与, 把.赠与The queen conferred knighthoods on several distinguished men.The honor was conferred on him just after the war.be bound up with be involved in, dependent on, connected with与.有密切联系; 与.利益一致The survival of these creatures is intimately bound up with the health of the ocean.contributed to To give, offer, donate The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.宋朝为世界文明做出了三大贡献 火药，指南针，造纸术Help to do, help to succeed.Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.诚实加苦干促成成功与幸福。 Take account of 考虑到Take into accountTake into consideration这次改卷子的时候，老师会考虑到你最近生病了。The teacher will take your recent illness into account/ consideration when marking your exam.Descend to 堕落到；向下延伸至；转而提到She was so poor as to descend to begging for her living.她穷得只好乞求度日了。Lets descend to particulars!让我们转入细节讨论！1) benefit v. beneficent a. beneficial a. beneficiary n.2) desire v. desirable a. desirous a. undesirable a.3) horizon n. horizontal a. horizontally ad.4) descend v. descent n. descending a. descendant n.5) increase v. increasing a. increasingly ad.6) philosophy n. philosopher n. philosophical a.7) due a. duly ad. undue a. unduly ad. 8) standard a. standardize v. standardization n.1,The task surpasses his skill. 这项任务超出了他的能力范围2,The ceremonial opening of the exhibition was very spectacular.展览会的开幕式非常壮观。3,The God makes everyone disinterested.上帝对每个人都是公平的！4,the emancipation of all mankind全人类的解放Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. (l.1-3)Among contributors to wisdom, I shall see a sense of proportion as the top priority. It refers to the ability to get a comprehensive view of a problem, and in the meantime, note which aspect is more important and which is less. 首先, 我要提出的是一种良好的比例意识, 也就是能够考虑一个问题的所有重要方面, 并分别给予它们适当的重视的能力。This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. (l. 3-5) It has become more difficult than before because different kinds of technicians are required to specialize in more complex and wider range of knowledge today. 由于现在要求各类技术人员掌握的专业知识越来越多，越来越复杂，要做到良好的比例意识比以前更难了。You study the composition of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge, and incidentally place in the hands of powerful lunatics the means of destroying the human race. (l.14-16) You study the make-up of the atom from a pure longing for knowledge, but you put it into the hands of men of power who are crazy to use it to destroy the human race. 你出于对知识的纯粹渴望而研究原子的组成，然而这一研究却落入一群拥有权力的狂热分子手中，成为他们毁灭人类的工具。Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement. (l.3-4) It would be very unwise to pursue a goal which is impossible of attainment and bound to fail even if it is honorable to run after it. 追求一个不可能达到的目标是不明智的，即便它是个可以实现，且令人感到骄傲的追求目标。I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now. (l.1-2)I think the essence of wisdom is to be free from the cruel and unjust practice that is based on what happens now and here. 我想智慧的本质就是尽可能的从“此时此地”的霸道中解放出来。Gradually with the years, his horizon widens, and in proportion as his thoughts and feelings become less personal and less concerned with his own physical states, he achieves growing wisdom. (l. 5-7)As he grows older and has wider exp