医学考博英语经验及作文技巧.doc

全国医学考博英语考试新的心得1.首先，考试要找到感觉，最好要做几套题 ，尤其是考前一个月要做几套题，总结经验教训，分析得失！2.如果时间充分，词汇量的提高扩展很重要，因为这与单词和阅读都相关，建议看托福词汇！3.考试前模拟考试过程！一定要分配好时间，考场上常有考生交卷时还没有涂完答题卡！4.听力、作文非常重要！一定下功夫搞好！半壁江山！ 大家都知道听力最快的提高法，就是多听，最好的提高法，就是边听边默写。建议听托福真题听力，做完题反复听，我备考时耳朵上一直挂着托福听力MP3，考场上一定要聚精会神听录音内容，有些题目其实很简单！ 很多学校是采用，放录音机或在阶梯大教室从大音箱里播放英语听力，其语音清晰度比我们平时多采用的耳机听英语要差很多，所以平时要加强音响、录音机播放英语听力的练习，有些考生平时没有这方面练习者，不适应，因此听力丢分不少，听力为英语考试的第一部分且占30分的高分，如考不好直接影响到继续考下去的信心、情绪、发挥及成绩，有些就产生了放弃的心理。5.平时考听力多有预读题干及选项的习惯。6.有多余的时间（考高分最好有这时间），建议听听历年TOEFL考试听力，非常有用，没准儿还出现原题。7.真题最有用！分析历年真题题目最可靠！蒋跃的模拟题和听力也有用，反复做题也是熟悉题型和掌握知识的好方法。8.考前一定要在规定的时间内写几篇作文：作文，只要复习充分都能考高分，大家复习一定要趁早，开始多抄写一些范文，最重要的一点，字迹一定要清晰。作文就是个框子，往里套就行，平常读文献时如果看到好的abstract，往往写的又好又简练，多多学习！9.词汇部分占的比例少，千万别专门去背单词，做完往届的题把不会的词记牢，其实考博英语词汇经常重复，另外，词汇还需要拓展，在阅读中会体会到。10.阅读，除了真题之外我还做过很多其他辅导书的题，觉得用处不大，做真题就可以了，但如果真的要提高英语阅读，光做题也不够，拓展是非常必要的。向大家推荐Scientific American和Nature等高级科普、专业杂志。你会发现阅读多了就非常有用，对词汇和听力也有很大帮助。这就是我的一点经验了，希望对大家有点帮助！附 原创作文策略总结一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！25个长句！不写或少写短句！1215句话。二、摘要的结构、写作大纲 推荐结构 1 导言段 2正文段 （正反两方面） 3 结论段 保守结构 1原文结构 2原文要点 3 无结论点睛1.文章分段; 2.充分利用标题;3.段段都有主题句;4末句重复主题句（首尾呼应）三、三种类型如何做how to do；描写议论whats it and why is it so；综合型what and how to do常用句式：记住what， how ，why写作思路，以及正反两方面分别论述！ 如果涉及到使用主语是可用the author/essay , 不用第一人称 my 、me、I等！四、考场写作技巧划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。翻译标题，有标题就译，充分引用标题（标题嵌入首段的末句），没有标题不能加。三段式，导言+正文+结论，不用第一人称，注意客观性。或者按原文要点格式！主题句，段段都有，复合句不宜太短。规范主题句，结论有标志。末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。起草摘要，切忌照抄或逐字翻译，要用自己的语言，摆脱原文束缚，达到摘要的目的。整理修改，使文章简练，同时使用连接词，使文章具有连贯性和统一性。五、写作中几个禁忌1.逐字翻译;2.引用过细，例子、数字、人名、地名等;3.引用故事，原话（除非故事占大部分内容）;4.被原文牵着鼻子走。5.使用原文意以外的称呼或个人观点！？六、摘要文章的框架：内容为医学科普文章，时间和字数：50分钟；约200词，一般是几个要点就可分几个小段落，大约是12-15个句子左右。七、背诵模版：This essay focus on the topic of that . However，why did happen? what should be done to?With the speedup of/increasing , /Now an increasing number of people come to realize that It is said that/Accumulated data have indicated that结尾总结回应主题Taking into account all the factors listed above, the author/paper reaches the conclusion /suggests that concerted efforts should be made to；have access to医学考博写作常用核心关键词汇1.人畜共患病zoonosisanthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，霍乱（传染病）cholera，acute gastroenteritis；aloe lu n. 芦荟, 芦荟叶汁 2.虫媒insect pollination，entomophil；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：vector-borne infectious diseases：malaria,dengue fever, schistosomiasis，and viral encephalitis/yellow fever疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病；肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome；3.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热；arthropod-borne virus encephalitis 节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎；4.爆发流行：break out, burst out,explode; an epidemic outbreak of，outburst ,explosion5.传染：infect/infection/ infectious,catching,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； communicable可传达的, 会传染的，医 有传染性的; communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的6.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission7.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 8.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 9.福祉 well-being, happiness；衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile10.sensual肉欲的, 色情的, 世俗的, 感官的, 感觉论的 11.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 doctor-patient communicationcommunication between doctors and patients；history, complain of, complaint, examine；Sanlu scandal三鹿事件； food safety/security；12.婴幼儿保健the baby and child /Infant health care13.Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.做最好的打算，最坏的准备。14.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; 16.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; 抗氧化药物和食品 anti-oxidation drugs and foods;AIDs;抗抑郁药物 anti-depression drugs;人工心脏 artificial heart; 公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to;关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) peoples livelihood/well-being;城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system17.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system；讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene18.孝敬的filial piety filial piety to，treat their parents with filial respect19.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食；tuna金枪鱼(肉), 金枪仙人掌；green beans青豆,绿蚕豆；kidney bean四季豆；mung bean 绿豆preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施20.a flash in the pan 昙花一现，昙花一现的人物，一时的成功 21.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork 22.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years22.养生preserve ones health; nourishing of life; keep in good health23.更年期和老年期妇女卫生保健服务health care services for peri-menopausal and old women；hygienic health care of menopausal women24.承担主要责任：assume the primary responsibility for25.分类 be divided intofall into three categoriesbe grouped according to their origin, into three classes.be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.26.国际护士协会(ICN=international council of nurses)；基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; 27.抗旱能力drought resistance capacity；cold resistance capacity抗寒能力28.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；月经期menstrual period 29.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; 31.大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak32.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying fromThe death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning. How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？33.归结为 boil down to；come down to；归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute to、oweto; 归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blameon、ascribe or attribute to、impute to。34.etiquette礼仪，礼节；差距/差别程度difference，disparity，gap35.解密decode，decipher, decrypt, disclocse；旗鼓相当/势均力敌：well-matched adversaries /rivals; 旗鼓相当的对手/劲敌：a foe/rival /an enemy /an opponent worthy of ones steel；dingdong fight 势均力敌的比赛；旗鼓相当的战争。36.dingdong did n. 叮当声, 叮咚声a. (非正式)(比赛)双方不相上下的, ad.起劲地37.基因芯片genechip，又称DNAchip 或 cDNA 微矩阵列cDNAMicroarray 38.inhale 吸入，吸气；exhale呼出，呼气；无生命的,非生物的abiological/abiotic, non-living things; insular 海岛的，狭隘的; 固定不变的changeless, steadfast.39.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；40.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; 因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。41. board of directors 理事会，董事会；A board or council董事会或理事会Administrative/administration Leadership and Business Management make a Branch of Science. 行政领导工作和业务管理工作是一门科学。42. 获得认证be certified /has been certificated, gain/earn approval certification43. 后勤部门 rear-service department; logistics department；back office；department of support services；膳食科dietary division；人事科personnel office/egrate (v.) 結合，整合，集于一体incorporate45.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；养老保险 endowment insurance；退休养老金retirement pension；Health Care Reform医疗改革 46. 潮湿的环境humid environment/moist situations; 慢性铅中毒chronic lead poisoning; 意外事故fortuitous accidents=unforeseen event or circumstance=an accident=contingency意外事件;娱乐活动：recreational activities ,recreation，entertainment，leisure activities，amusement 47.建立基本医疗卫生制度，提高全民健康水平。Establish /set up a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation. 48. H1N1 Flu 写作中需要的词汇包括：H1N1 virus, communicable (transmittable, contagious, infectious), susceptible, infect, symptoms, latent (latency), communicable period, acute, respiratory diseases, high-risk population ，nationwide/worldwide; It is latent for 1 to 7 d