高中英语 3.4 Grammar课件 外研版选修8.ppt

修饰名词或代词 不定代词或疑问代词 等的词 短语或者从句称为定语 一般单个的单词作定语放在该修饰名词之前 前置定语 短语和句子放在该修饰名词之后 后置定语 periodfourgrammar 1 grammar 2 1 定语的概念 一 定语 2 定语的类型 单项填空 some studentsinourclasshopetobe doctorsinthefuture a girls woman sb girl womenc girl womand girls women s yesterdaysheaskedmeiftherewas toread butihappenedtolendittosomeoneelse a easyenoughsomethingb enougheasysomethingc somethingenougheasyd somethingeasyenough this girlislinda sniece a prettylittlespanishb spanishlittleprettyc spanishprettylittled littleprettyspanish答案 b d a 二 定语从句表一定义及相关术语 表二关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等成分 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 表三as作关系代词的用法 表四关系副词引导的定语从句 表五关系代词或关系副词的判断 表六经常使用非限制性定语从句的场合 定语从句对比练习 thisisoneofthemostinterestingplays shownlastweek thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingplays shownlastweek a whichwasb thatwasc whichwered thatwere hehastwobrothers arecollegestudents hehastwobrothers and arecollegestudents a bothofwhichb bothofwhomc bothofthemd bothofit 1 2 hestilllivesintheapartment windowfacestotheeast hestilllivesintheapartment thewindow facestotheeast hestilllivesintheapartment isinthenorthofthecity hestilllivesintheapartment thereisabeautifultable a whichb whosec whered ofwhich 3 leavesthehalllastoughttoturnoffthelights wholeavesthehalllastoughttoturnoffthelights wholeavethehalllastoughttoturnoffthelights a anyoneb whoc thosed whoever 4 weallknow chinaisabundantinnaturalresources iswell knownthatchinaisabundantinnaturalresources iswell known chinaisabundantinnaturalresources a whichb asc itd that答案1 d b2 b c3 b d a c4 d a c5 b c b 5 最近某高中拟开展以 校园拒绝零食 为主题的活动 假如你是该校学生会主席 请你以学生会的名义 参考下面的内容提示 给全校学生写一封倡议书 内容提示 1 描述吃零食的现象 2 阐述吃零食的影响 3 提出合理化的建议 倡议书 注意 1 词数100左右 开头已为你写好 不计入总词数 2 参考词汇 snacks零食 phenomenon现象dearfellowstudents thereisaseriousphenomenoninourschool 写作分析 第一步 认真审题一审体裁 本文要求写一篇倡议书 属于记叙文范畴 二审格式 倡议书不同于演讲稿 格式一般按照书信格式就可以 时态多用一般现在时 用第一人称较合适 三审结构 这类文章一般是提出问题 阐述这种问题的影响 再提出解决问题的建议 可以适当使用祈使句 以增强倡议书的号召力度 第二步 提炼要点1 awasteof2 inaddition3 leadtofatnessandillness4 whatisworse 5 not anymore 第三步 扩点成句1 eatingsnacksisabadhabitaswellasawasteofmoney 2 eatingsnacksimproperlymayleadtofatnessandillness whatisworse somestudentsthrowthewrapperseverywhere whichisabadbehaviourandpollutesourcampus 3 rememberthatthreeregularmealsadayaswellasabalanceddietareessentialforus 品味佳作 dearfellowstudents thereisaseriousphenomenoninourschool wefindmanystudentswillcrowdintheschoolstoretobuysnacksaftereachclass somestudentseveneatsnacksinclass eatingsnacksisabadhabitaswellasawasteofmoney inaddition mostsnacksareunhealthyfood fortheycontaintoomuchfatandsugar eatingsnacksimproperlymayleadtofatnessandillness whatisworse somestudentsthrowthewrapperseverywhere whichisa badbehaviourandpollutesourcampus dearfellowstudents weshouldn tactlikekidsanymore wehighschoolstudentsshoulddevelopgoodhabits rememberthatthreeregularmealsadayaswellasabalanceddietareessentialforus let sformgoodeatinghabitsandsaynotosnacks students union 名师点津 1 本文是一封倡议书 作者按照提出问题 分析问题 解决问题的思路呈现观点 文中运用了很多经典短语 aswellas inaddition leadto whatisworse等 作者巧妙地添加句式结构 使文章流畅自然 如 inaddition mostsnacksareunhealthyfood fortheycontaintoomuchfatandsugar eatingsnacksimproperlymayleadtofatnessandillness 2 文章使用一般现在时 条理性强 很有说服力 3 亮点句式 wefindmanystudentswillcrowdintheschoolstoretobuysnacksaftereachclass eatingsnacksisabadhabitaswellasawasteofmoney whatisworse somestudentsthrowthewrapperseverywhere whichisabadbehaviourandpollutesourcampus rememberthatthreeregularmealsadayaswellasabalanceddietareessentialforus 写作模板 dearfellowstudents thereisaseriousphenomenonin ourschool wefind 发现的问题 eatingsnacksis aswellas 危害一 inaddition 危害二 eatingsnacksimproperlymayleadto 危害三 whatisworse 危害四 dearfellowstudents weshouldn t 倡议一 wehighschoolstudentsshoulddevelopgoodhabits remember 倡议二 let s 倡议三 介词 关系代词 考点分析总的说来 选择介词不外乎三条 一是根据句子意思表达的需要 二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配 三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯 1 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered 1 thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile iwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomicoulddiscussbooksandmusic 注 有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分 此时它们的位置应注意 如 theboy whom mysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter 不能说成 theboyafterwhommysisterislookingisgettingbetter 2 看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配hereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichiamnotveryfamiliar 即时训练 isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark beforeicouldrecognizewhoshewas shehadrunbackinthedirection shehadcome a ofwhichb bywhichc inwhichd fromwhich hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool hewentontobeijinguniversity a afterwhichb afterthatc inwhichd inthat 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词 如 thisisourclassroom inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher sdesk i llneverforgetthedayonwhichshesaidgoodbyetome 即时训练 wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty andoneofthemcameuptous wegavesomebellsandglasses a towhichb towhomc withwhomd withwhich 2 考查根据句意确定介词tom bywhomthewindowwasbroken hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher iamlookingformyglasses withoutwhichican twatchtvclearly 即时训练 ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear hefoundajobinabigcompany a afterthatb afterwhichc afteritd afterthis 3 考查表示所属关系的ofwhich whom ontheblackboardtheteacherwroteasentence themeaningofwhichidon tunderstand 即时训练 itisreportedthattwoschools arebeingbuiltinmyhometown willopennextyear a theybothb whichbothc bothofthemd bothofwhich 4 考查表示整体与部分关系的ofwhich whom ihavefiveenglishdictionariesofwhichlongmandictionaryisthebest thebuses mostofwhichwerealreadyfull weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd imetthefruit pickers severalofwhomwereuniversitystudents 即时训练 iwas