2015词汇讲义-陈正康.doc

更多资料尽在陈正康老师博客/yzchsi2015年考研英语核心词汇与难句专训班讲义陈正康博士编讲导入部分必考词基础词生僻词：abdomen abortion ostrich capuchin 一词多义：yield overlook address rate熟词生意：InformationCIASchoolBillAct衍生词：Prewar PostwarUnderprivilegedNonconformist 联想派=龌龊派couragechill谐音派pest ponderous ambition词源学安家 埋伏DiseaseNewsImpossibleIncorrect independentImprison Airport Passport Import Export Middle media modest immediate reason Normal norm abnormal abuse abandon 陈正康老师的成功英语誓言Whether you are lion or gazelle you must sprint for survival！Whether you are poor or wealthy you must strive for success！I can make it！第一部分 真题回放第一节 衍生词professionalization prfenlazen n.industrialization ndstrlazen n.centralizationsentrlaizein n.miniaturization minitraizein n.generalization denrlzen n.homogenization hmdnazen n.同根词 homogeneous ,hmdi:njs a.真题例句 The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.2006年阅读1 例句精译 媒体、广告和运动是均一化过程中的其他因素。 interrelationship ntrlenp erprovincial ntprvnl a.真题例句 But “national” doesnt have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.2005年新题型 例句精译 但全国性并不意味着非得在全国范围内；也可以指省与省之间联手创立一个实体。interactivity ntrktvity n.真题例句 The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.1999年阅读2 例句精译 像Virtual Vineyards和A及其他开拓者的例子说明：一个销售适类商品的网站，如果将交互性、热情服务、安全性合理结合，肯定会吸引网上用户的。 intermarriage ntmrd n.真题例句 Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.2006年阅读1 例句精译 现在，考虑同化作用的3个标志语言、拥有家庭和通婚。 dissatisfaction dsstsfkn n.dispassionate dspnt a.真题例句 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.2003年翻译 例句精译社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为disproportionate dsprpnit a. 真题例句 By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.1995年阅读4 例句精译 学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当的强调考试。 irresponsibility irispnsbiliti n. pretechnological priteknldikl a.prescientific pri:saintifik a.appropriateness prupritnis n. 真题例句How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.1995年翻译 例句精译这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。 overcrowdedness vkraddns n. 真题例句 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.1998年阅读4 例句精译 离开人口过度稠密区的做法影响了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。 forgetfulness fgetflnis n. environmentalist nvarnmentlst n. anthropologist nrpldst n. 真题例句 Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.2004年翻译 例句精译 20世纪上半叶，两位人类语言学家，Franz Boas和Edward Sapir是研究和描述南北美洲土著语言的先驱。 astrophysicist strufizisist n.词以类记：astronaut strn:t n.宇航员，太空人 astronomer strnm n.天文学家microbiologist makrbaldst n.nonconformist nnknf:mst n. 真题例句 45. Straitford is most proud of its _.2003年阅读1 B nonconformist image 例句精译 45、“Straitford”感到最骄傲的是它的_。 B 与别人不一致的形象 intellectualism intilektjulizm n.真题例句 Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism () in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.2004年阅读4 例句精译 莱维西最新著作回顾：一百年来学校改革的失败探索学校里反学识倾向的根源，书中的结论是：学校根本未能制衡美国人对学识追求的厌恶。但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。 misinformation misinfmein n.subconsciously sbknsl a.真题例句 Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.1995年阅读3 例句精译 因此，曾经在大家庭内部通过日常交流就可下意识学到的东西，现在却要有意识地去学。submillimeter sbmilimit a.词以类记 surpass surname surface surplus Surrealism underestimate ndrestimeit v.underprivileged ndprivilidd a.真题例句For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1995年翻译 例句精译例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大的才干。 understatement ndstetmnt n. 真题例句 Search for exaggeration and understatements.2002年阅读1 例句精译 留意夸张和打折扣的话。 undertreatment ndtri:tmnt n. 真题例句 It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.2002年阅读4 例句精译 报告指出了医院临终关怀护理中存在的两个问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序，这些程序可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让死亡期难堪”。 词以类记： underline underlie underlying 真题例句 60. What does the author think of intellect?A It is second to intelligence.B It evolves from common sense.C It is to be pursued.D It underlies power.2004年阅读4 Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.2005年阅读1 antibacterial ntibktiril a.真题例句 He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.1994年阅读5 例句精译 他（亚历山大弗莱明爵士）是对抗菌物质进行了长达9年的实验才有了这项发明。 inappropriate nprpri:t a. 真题例句 Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate.2004年翻译 例句精译 后来此观点成为著名的Sapir-Whorf假设，但这一说法并不适当。 incompetently inkmpitntli ad.insensitivity insenstiviti n.insignificant nsgnfknt a.multinational mlti:nnl a.真题例句 Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.2001年阅读4 例句精译 跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20%的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25%强，并且还在迅速上升。 preconception pri:knsepn n.preoccupation pri:kjpen n.真题例句 If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.1995年阅读4 例句精译 如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。 provincialist prvinlist n. 真题例句 Quebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.2005年新题型 例句精译 魁北克省拒绝加入全国性代理机构是出于地方保护主义思想。 supercomputer sju:pkmpju:t n.uncontrollable nkntrlbl a.真题例句 Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”2001年阅读4 例句精译 这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？” unpredictability nprdktbility n.真题例句 Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.1999年阅读5 例句精译 不可预测性是科学研究不可缺少的一个重要特征。 unenlightened ninlaitnd a.真题例句 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.1996年阅读5 例句精译 所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是还不开通的人：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。 unfortunately nftntli ad.unintentional nntnnl a.真题例句 Which of the following is true according to the text?2004年阅读2 D Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 例句精译根据本文的观点，下面哪项正确？ D 字母表使用不当可能会导致无意识的偏见和歧视 unprecedented npresdentd a. 真题例句 Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation.2006年阅读1 例句精译 格雷戈里. 罗德里格兹在国家移民论坛中写到，今天的移民既没有达到空前绝后的水平也没有能抵挡住同化作用。 unsustainable nsstenbl a.真题例句 Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.2003年阅读4 例句精译 任何人都明白这个趋势不可能维持下去，但是很少有人愿意扭转它。第二节 熟词生意1. They coined a story about the president in order to win the election.2. This new reform could support the safety net to help families weather bad times.3. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia is a promising start.4. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse.第三节 一词多义act kt 行动，做事；（on）起作用，基于；表演；（for）代表，代替；n.行为，动作；（一）幕；法令，条例【真题例句】Governments throughout the world act (v.) on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.2000年翻译 【例句精译】 世界各国的政府都基于一种观点行政，即人民的福利在很大程度上取决于本国的经济实力和国家的财富。 【真题例句】The paid manager acting (v.) for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.1996年阅读3 【例句精译】 代表公司进行管理的领薪经理们与工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的关系，但甚至他们也很少像正在被淘汰的旧式家族企业的家长制中的雇主那样熟悉和了解工人的情况。 【真题例句】The commercial TV channels ITV and Channel 4 were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act (n.) to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.1996年阅读2 【例句精译】 按撒切尔政府广播法的要求，商业电视频道第一和第四频道正在进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。address dres n.地址，通讯处，致词；v.致函，写姓名地址；向讲话；处理,解决 【真题例句】 Depending on whom you are addressing (v.), the problems will be different.2002年阅读1 【例句精译】针对不同的听众，要谈的问题也应该不同。 【真题例句】Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are (17：comprehensive) programs that address (v.) the many needs of the homeless.2006年完形 【例句精译】波士顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。 特别奉献：陈正康老师2014阅卷人考研英语真题词汇分频速记宝典-北京理工大学出版社第二部分 必备词缀一网打尽前缀over表示在上面/超过overheaduvhed overall uvr:l 【例】an overall survey；an overall goaloverhearuvhi overlookuvluk【例】The secretary is very careful and never overlooks any little points. overestimated vestmetd overloadvldoversleepvsli:p前缀anti表示反/抗anticancerntikns antihuman ntihju:mn antiwar ntiw: 前缀dis表示not否定disappeardispi【例】Dont judge a person by ones appearance.apparent prnt【例】It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.【例】apparent causedisappointdispintappointpint【例】We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.disregarddisri:d【例】She completely disregarded our objection.regardri:d【例】You cant regard him as a friend but a business associate.with / in regard to对于，就而论【例】I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.regardingri:di介词“关于”【例】I wrote a letter to my wife regarding my daughters exam.regardless ri:dlis 【例】He says what he thinks regardless of all of peoples feelings.disgrace【例】His scandal disgraced his family.前缀dis=di=away离开/分开dividedivaiddividenddividenddivorce div:s diffuse difju:s【例】A drop milk diffused in the water.confuseknfju:z【例】They confused me by asking so many questions.【例】I was confused by all the noise.refuserifju:zdistant distnt discard disk:ddisplacedispleisreplaceripleissolveslvsoluble sljubl 【例】These tablets are soluble in water.solutionslu:n【例】This is the only practical solution imaginable.dissolvedizlv【例】Water dissolves salt.resolverizlv【例】He resolved on going out.resolute rezlu:t【例】resolute optimistresolutionrezlu:n【例】His encouragement and support strengthened our resolution.【例】All those in favor of the resolution should raise their hands.distributedistribju:t【例】They distributed books to students.tributetribju:tattributetribju:t【例】David attributed his companys success to the unity of all the staff.contributekntribjut 【例】contribute two stories to the magazinecontributionkntribju:n短语make contribution to doing sth.对做出贡献distinguishdistiwi【例】Can you distinguish between those two objects? 【例】The young officer distinguished himself many times in the battle.distinct distikt 【例】These two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.【例】There is a distinct improvement in your study.distinctive？distinctiondistikn【例】A distinction should be made between the primary and secondary contradictions.extinguishikstiwiextinct ikstikt 【例】Some of the species of birds are extinct.extinctionkstkn前缀de=down向下/离开deprive dipraiv 搭配deprive sb. of sth. 【例】deprive him of his civil rightsdegenerate didenreitdetraindi:trein derive diraiv 【例】Many english words derived from Latin.de还可以表示强调devote divut =de（强调）+ vote（投票，支持；例I vote for the latter我支持后者）短语devote ones life to doing sth. 【例】devote his life to helping the poor前缀uni表示统一/联合uniteju:naitunion ju:njn 【例】the union between the two parties；student unionunique ju:ni:k 【例】unique opportunityuniformju:nif:muniverse ju:niv:s university University of Cambridge college medicalcollegeinstitute MassachusettsInstituteof Technology前缀bi表示双/两bicycle baisiklrecycleri:saikl【例】The glass of the bottle can be recycled.其形容词为recyclable“可回收利用的”bimonthly baimnli 【例】a bimonthly magazine双月刊bilingual balgwl linguist lgwst combine kmbain 【例】The two countries combined to fight against their common enemy.后缀atory，tory=场所/地点dormitory d:mitri =dorm（sleep）+ I + tory（地点，场所）dormant d:mnt “休眠的”，如dormant volcano休眠性的火山territory teritri =terr（earth）+ I + torylaboratory lbrtri =labor + atoryobservatory bz:vt:ri:=observ（observe）+ atory后缀less表示否定useful ，useless fruitful ，fruitless hopeful ，hopeless shameful ，shameless regretful ，regretless 后缀ate可以表示人graduaterdjuit candidate kndidit advocate dvkeit 后缀ary也可以表示人secretary sekrtri =secret + arycontemporary kntemprri =con（together）+ tempor（time）+ ary（人）【例】Beethoven is contemporary with Napoleon.【例】contemporary writer后缀ary也可以表示集合名词dictionarydiknrivocabulary vkbjulri 后缀titude表示抽象名词attitude titju:d 【例】Attitude is everything.multitude mltitju:d 短语a multitude of大量的后缀ify使purifysimplifybeautifyclassifyhumidify hju(:)midifai humanhju:mn humid hju:md humidifierhju(:)midifai 第三部分 同根单词说文解词mit表示send发射transmit trnzmit transport trnsp:t transplant transform translate 词以类记：import export passport porter portable emit imit 【例】The laser can emit beams.evaporate ivpreit 词以类记：eliminate eradicate enormous emergency emergence emerge submerge emigrate immigrate migrate turb=stir搅动turbine t:bin 涡轮机turbulent t:bjulnt 狂暴的，骚动的，动荡的【例】turbulent weather;turbulent crowd;turbulent periodperturb pt :b vt.使烦恼,不安disturb dist:b vt.打扰,使焦虑, 使烦恼per=through从头到尾，每一个perfect p:fikt =per+fect(do) 同根单词：fact factory manufacture manual 词以类记：affect affection affectionate effect infect disinfect infectious pose=put摆放 compose kmpuz 组成，构成，作曲，作图，作文【例】England, scotland and wales compose the island of great britain. com=together一起compresskmpres词以类记：condense confirm affirm infirmexpose kspz 暴露，曝光，揭露【例】Our skin is exposed to the sunshine.impose impuz vt.强迫，强加，施加duce=lead 引导produce prdju:s =pro（forward）+duce（lead） 词以类记：prolong progress aggressive congress egress regress reduce ridju:s =re（back）+duce（lead）introduce ntrdju:s =intro（inner）+duce（lead）seduce sidju:s =se+ duce（lead） 引申：induceProduceproductduct 导管conduct 指挥，引导conductor 指挥家，乘务员，导体 辨析：semiconductor misconduct misdeedcide=cut 切decide disaid 词以类记 devote define 同根单词finite infinite infiniti define definition definitely confinepesticide pestisaid =pest+I+cide（cut）suicide sjuisaid【例】commit suicide 引申：insecticide homicide Inter=相互之间interviewreviewpreview词以类记predict indicate dictation dictator contradiction dictionarynov=newinnovation nuvein innovateinnovativerenovate renveit auto表示自己/自动automatic :tmtik 自动化的，automation自动化 automated teller machineATMautomobileauto-reversereverse riv:s =re（again）+verse v.翻转，逆转，颠倒 a. 颠倒的，相反的converse knv:s a.相反的, 逆的adverse dv:s a.不利的, 相反的，有害的，逆的 引申 adapt adjust adopt universe ju:niv:s versatile v:stail 引申 mobile fertile infer transfer preferJect=投掷/喷射eject idekt projector prdektinject indekt object bdikt =ob（=against） + jectsubject sbdi