2015年学位英语整理完型填空.docx

1.Manypeople wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families placethem in nursing homes. They are left in the _36 _ of strangers for therest of their lives. Their _37 _ children visit them only occasionally,but more often, they do not have any _38_ visitors. The truth is that thisidea is an unfortunate mythan _39 _ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent ofthe care _40 _ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied_41 _ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the_42 _ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents thanchildren. _43 _, because people today live longer after an illness thanpeople did years _44 _, family members must provide long term care. Morepsychologists have found that all caregivers _45 _ a commoncharacteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best _46 _ forthe job. In other words, they all felt that they _47 _ do the job betterthan anyone else. Social workers _48 _ caregivers to find out why theytook _ 49 _ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Manycaregivers believed they had _50 _ to help their relative. Some stated thathelping others _51 _ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping_52_ now, they would deserve care when they became old and _53 _.Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a _54_ satisfyingexperience for everyone who might be _55_.36. A. hands B. arms C. bodies D. homes37. A. growing B. grown C. grow D. grows38. A. constant B. lasting C. regular D. normal39. A. imaginary B. imaginable C. imaginative D. imagery40. A. that B. this C. those D. these41. A. when B. how C. what D. where42. A. common B. ordinary C. standard D. average43. A. Still B. However C. Moreover D. Whereas44. A. before B. ago C. later D. lately45. A. share B. enjoy C. divide D. consent46. A. person B. people C. character D. man47. A. would B. will C. could D. can48. A. questioned B. interviewed C. inquired D.interrogate49. A. in B. up C. on D. off50. A. admiration B. initiative C. necessity D. obligation51. A. cause B. enable C. make D. get52. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. anybody53. A. elderly B. dependent C. dependable D. independent54. A. similarly B. differently C. mutually D. certainly55. A. involved B. excluded C. included D. considered答案解析： 36. A 解析 惯用搭配题。in the hands of 意为“由控制或照料”，是惯用搭配，刚好与句意相符，所以A正确。37. B 解析 逻辑衔接题。此处缺少的是定语，4个选项中A，B都可以充当定语，growing意为“成长的，正在长大的”，grown意为“长大成人的，成年的”，结合前文内容可知，应选B。38. C 解析 词义辨析题。regular意为“定期的，有规律的”，与visitors搭配指“定期来看望的人”，故选C。normal意为“正常的”，constant意为“经常的”，lasting意为“持续的”，均排除。39. A 解析 词义辨析题。下文对前面提到的观点进行了反驳，也就是说前面所说的情况不是真实存在的，故选A（不真实的、虚构的）。imaginable意为“可想象的”，imaginative意为“富于想象力的”，imagery意为“肖像”，均排除。40. A解析 逻辑衔接题。此处应用that引导定语从句充当care的定语，故选A。41. B解析 逻辑衔接题。根据上下文可知，该句谈到社会学家研究了美国家庭如何在改变，应该用how引导宾语从句，表示改变的方式，故选B。42. D解析 词义辨析题。common意为“普通的，共同的”；强调一种趋同的ordinary与special相对立，强调平凡，毫无特性；standard意为“标准的”；average意为“一般的，平均的”，强调的是在类型或特征上通常的或平均情况。由此可知，本题选D。43. C解析 词义辨析题。still意为“尽管如此，但仍然”，表让步；however意为“然而”，表转折；moreover意为“而且”；whereas意为“尽管”。分析上下文可知，前后两句应为递进关系，故选C。44. B解析 词义辨析题。ago意为“以前”，指从现在算起，故选B。before意为“以前”，指从过去某个时刻算起，故排除。45. A解析 词义辨析题。share意为“共享，共有”，与a common characteristic搭配意为“具有共同的特征”，所以A正确。46. B解析 词义辨析题。句中谓语为are，故此处应填入一个复数形式的名词，所以B正确。47. C解析 逻辑衔接题。本句的主句是过去时，故排除will和can，而would表示一种意愿，也应排除，故选C。48. B解析 词义解析题。question和inquire意为“询问，疑问”，interrogate意为“审问”，interview意为“面试，访问”，此处句意为“社会工作者访问护理人员，想弄明白为什么他们要承担照顾年纪大的亲戚的责任”，所以B正确。49. C 解析 惯用搭配题。take in意为“欺骗；收容”，take up意为“从事”，take on意为“承担”，take off意为“脱下；起飞”，只有take on能与responsibility搭配，故选C。50. D 解析 词义辨析题。admiration意为“羡慕”，initiative意为“主动”，necessity意为“必要性”，obligation意为“责任，义务”，此处句意为“护理人员相信他们有这个义务帮助他们的亲戚”，所以D正确。51. C 解析 惯用搭配题。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，符合句意，所以C正确。52. A 解析 词义辨析题。someone泛指某个人，anyone和anybody指任何人，everyone指每个人，结合句意可知，A正确。53. B 解析 词义辨析题。elderly意为“年纪稍老的”，dependent意为“依靠别人的”，dependable意为“可靠的”，independent意为“独立的”，此处句意为“当他们老了需要依靠别人时，他们应该得到照顾”，所以B正确。54. C 解析 词义辨析题。similarly意为“同样地、相似地”，differently意为“不同地”，mutually意为“共同地”，certainly意为“当然地”，结合句意，照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互关系，由此可知，C正确。55. A 解析 词义辨析题。involved意为“涉及的，牵涉到的”，excluded意为“排除在外的，不包括的”，included意为“包含的”，considered意为“被考虑到”，此句意为“照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互的关系，每个人都有可能涉足其中”，所以A正确。2.Reading involves looking atgraphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 36 over the centuries. During the 1950sespecially, increased attention has been devoted to 37 and describing the reading process. 38 specialists agree that reading 39 a complex organization ofhigher mental 40 , they disagree 41 the exact nature of the process. Some experts,who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 42 reading as simply the decoding of symbols tothe sounds they stand 43 .These authorities 44 that meaning, being concerned with thinking,must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain thatreading is 45 relatedto thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 46 their meaning is not truly reading. Thereader, 47 to some, is not just a person with atheoretical ability to read but one who 48 reads.Many adults, althoughthey have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 49 . Bysome experts they would not be 50 asreaders. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of readingwill depend on the definition one uses. By the most 51 and satisfactory definition, reading is theability to 52 the sound symbols code of the language, tointerpret meaning for various 53 , at various rates, and at various levelsof difficulty, and to do 54 widelyand enthusiastically. 55 short,reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representingsounds and ideas.36. A. substantively B. substantially C. substitutively D.subjectively37. A. distributing B.promoting C. defining D. reporting38. A. Although B.If C. Unless D. Until39. A. involves B.takes C. reveals D. invites40. A. opinions B.effects C. manners D. functions41. A.of B. about C.for D. into42. A.view B. look C. reassure D. agree43. A.by B. to C. off D. for44. A.content B. contend C. contempt D. contact45. A. inexplicably B.inexpressibly C. inextricably D. inexpediently46. A. interpreting B.telling C. explaining D. reading47. A.like B. for C.according D. as48. A.totally B. usually C. mainly D. actually49. A. part B. entirety C.chapter D. section50. A.claimed B. said C. classified D. graded51. A.inclusive B. inclinable C. conclusive D. complicated52. A.break B. elaborate C. define D. unlock53. A.purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps54. A.such B. so as C. so D. such as55. A.By B. In C. On D. To答案解析：36. B 词义辨析题。substantively意为“实质地”，substantially意为“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意为“可替代地”，subjectively意为“主观地”。本句意为“经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经_改变了”，选项B与最符合句意。37. C 介词用法题。本句中的to是介词，应该接名词或动名词。结合其后“and describing the reading process”可知，应选C。38. A词义辨析题。两个分句的谓语分别是agree和disagree，由此可知，这两个分句应为转折关系，故选A。39. A 词义辨析题。involve意为“卷入，包括”，take意为“拿走，获得”，reveal意为“显示，揭露”，invite意为“邀请”。结合句意“专家们认为阅读_更高的、更复杂的智力活动”，A项最合适。40. D 词义辨析题。mental function意为“智力活动”，故选D。opinion意为“意见”，manner意为“行为”，effect意为“影响”，这三项与mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。41. B 惯用搭配题。disagree about/on意为“对有不同意见”，故选B。42. A 惯用搭配题。view.as是惯用搭配，意为“把看做”，故选A。look是不及物动词，如要使用，应加上介词at。43. D 惯用搭配题。stand by意为“支持”，stand to意为“遵守”，stand off意为“疏远”，stand for意为“代表”。结合句意可知，D项正确。44. B 词义辨析题。content意为“内容”，contend意为“争论，主张”，contemp意为“轻视”，contact意为“接触”。结合句意可知，B项正确。45. A 词义辨析题。inexplicably意为“无法解释地”，inexpressibly意为“说不来出地”，inextricably意为“解决不了地”，inexpediently意为“不明智地”。结合句意可知，A项正确。46. A 词义辨析题。本句意为“一个孩子能读出声而不_所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读”，故选A，interpreting意为“了解，理解”。explain意为“解释”，真正的阅读并不需要去解释什么，而是要理解所读材料的意思。47. C 词义辨析题。some在句中指代与authorities持不同观点的人，空格与后面的to some共同构成插入语，according to为固定搭配，该插入语意为“根据有些人的观点”，故选C。48. D 词义辨析题。totally意为“完全地”，usually意为“通常”，mainly意为“大体地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意为“实际上”，下一句对其进行了反向解释，即“有阅读能力的许多成年人，并未全面读过一本书。”言外之意，他们实际上不算读者，故选D。49. B 词义辨析题。part意为“部分，零件”，entirety意为“整体”，chapter意为“章”，section意为“部分；节”；in its entirety意为“整体地，全面地”。由此可知，选项B正确。50. C 词义辨析题。be classified as意为“被划分，被分类到”，符合句意，故选C。51. C 词义辨析题。conclusive意为“确定的”，the most conclusive是其最高级，指最确定的，故选C。inclusive意为“包括的；包围的”，inclinable意为“倾向于；赞成的”，complicated意为“复杂的”，均不符合句意。52. D 词义辨析题。unlock意为“解开，破译”，符合句意，故选D。elaborate意为“详细说明”，break意为“破裂”，define意为“解释”，均不符合句意。53. A 词义辨析题。由句意“为了不同的_而对意思进行解释”，可知A项正确。for various purposes意为“出于各种各样的原因”。54. C 词义辨析题。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具体动作，以避免重复，故选C。55. B 惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，此处要作总结，四个选项中只有B项能和short构成短语in short（总之）。3. Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage tubes（引流管） surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure, know as tympanostomy, may not be as 36 as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s, but it now 37 as the nations leading childhood 38 and a new study suggests its being vastly overused. In 39 more than 6 000 scheduled ear tube operations, a team of experts 40 by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. “Each year”, the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), “several hundred thousand children in the United States may be 41 tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated 42 and may place them at increased 43 .”Tube placement isnt a 44 risky procedure, but it costs $1 000 to $1 500 and sometimes scars the eardrum, causing a partial loss of 45 . Studies show that the benefits are most likely to 46 the risks if a childs middle ear has produced sticky fluid 47more than four months despite treatment 48 antibiotics. For less virulent infections, drug treatment is usually a(n) 49 , safer alternative (though drugs, too, can be overused). In the new JAMA study, Kleinmans team reviewed the medical charts of 6 429 kids, all under 16, 50 doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making “generous assumptions” about the likely 51 , the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were 52, since less invasive alternatives were available, 53 another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.Parents neednt 54 about ear tubes that are already in place. Once 55 implanted, the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year, then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year.36. A. rare B. common C. general D. abnormal37. A. considers B. alternates C. ranges D. ranks38. A. operation B. disease C. condition D. injection39. A. finding B. reviewing C. amending D. performing40. A. controlled B. conducted C. legitimated D. led41. A. receiving B. accepting C. undertaking D. initiating42. A. disadvantage B. agreementC. advantage D. shortcoming43. A. bottom B. risk C. edge D. extent44. A.subtly B. hopefully C. merely D. terribly45. A. feeling B. hearing C. health D. memory46. A. outfit B. outflow C. outweigh D. outgrow47. A. for B. on C. in D. to48. A. by B. upon C. with D. along49. A. expensive B. faster C. further D. cheaper50. A. which B. whose C. that D. who51. A. risks B. dangers C. chances D. benefits52. A. inappropriate B. favorable C. preferable D. inadequate53. A. where B. when C. whether D. while54. A. outrage B. panic C. complain D. protest55. A. lively B. quickly C. successfully D. formally答案解析：36. B 词义辨析题。空格所在句子意为“在20世纪40年代的时候，这个手术可能不像扁桃腺切除术_，但是”。common符合句意，所以B正确。37. D词义辨析题。由空格后的leading可知，鼓膜管置放术现在已经位于全国的第一位，所以rank符合句意，D正确。consider主语应该是人，这里应该用被动语态，所以排除；range表示“排列，把排列成行”，如：She ranged the books neatly on the desk.（她把书整齐地排放在桌子上。）38. A 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“鼓膜管置放术现在已经是位于全国第一位的孩童时期的_。”由此可知，空格所填词的内涵包括鼓膜管置放术，operation符合句意，所以A正确。39. B 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“在_六千多手术中，一组专家发现少于一半的人接受的治疗是正当的。”reviewing符合句意，所以B正确。amend意为“修正；改进”。40. D 词义辨析题。由空格后的“by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman”可知，这个专家组是由Lawrence Kleinman带头的，led符合句意，所以D正确。41. A 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“每年美国有数十万的孩子可能_这种手术。”再看选项可知，空格内应该是“接受”。receive只表示被动地接受；accept表示主动而且高兴地接受，所以A正确。42. C 词义辨析题。前面提到只有少于一半的人接受的手术治疗是正当的，所以可知，空格处所在从句意思应该是说这个手术对他们没有什么好处，故C正确。Shortcoming意为“缺点；短处”。43. B 词义辨析题。同上题分析，这种手术不仅对他们没什么好处，还可能增加他们的风险，所以B正确。edge意为“边缘；优势”。44. D 词义辨析题。空格所在句子意为“植入导管并不是一个_风险的手术，但是要花费1 0001 500美元，而且有时候还会。”terribly符合句意，所以D正确。subtly意为“敏锐地；精细地”；merely意为“仅仅；只”。45. B 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“有时候还会弄伤耳膜，导致丧失部分_。”hearing符合句意，所以B正确。46. C 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“研究表明，益处极可能_风险，如果孩子的中耳能。”由此可见，句子是用益处和风险作比较，outweigh符合句意，所以C正确。outfit意为“配备，装备”；outflow意为“流出”；outgrow意为“长出”。47. A 惯用搭配题。空格后是“more than four months”，4个选项都可以接表示时间的词或短语：on接表示时间点的词；in表示在将来的时间里发生；to表示到时间；for表示一段时间。根据上下文意思，故A正确。48. C 词义辨析题。空格所在短语意思是：“用抗生素的治疗”。with符合句意，所以C正确。49. D 词义辨析题。空格后是逗号，然后是safer。由此可知，空格和safer是并列的关系，所以应该是形容词比较级，排除A；关于治疗的快慢，文章前面没有提到，排除B，C；文章前面提到治疗费用比较高，所以此处可能指更便宜一些，所以D正确。50. B 语法结构题。空格是从句的引导词，根据句意可知，是这些孩子的医生建议他们做这个手术，所以whose符合句意，B正确。51. D 词义辨析题。联系上下文可知，文章主要论述这种手术的好处和坏处，选项中A、B同义，所以排除，D正确。52. A 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“研究人员发现这些被建议的手术中的四分之一是_”，由前面的even可知，空格处是指这些手术不好的方面，inappropriate符合句意，所以A正确。Inadequate意为“不充分的；不充足的”。53. D逻辑衔接题。空格所在句意思为“_另外三分之一很可能像帮助接受手术治疗的人们一样去伤害他们”。由此可见，这里的三分之一是和前面提到的四分之一相对应的，所以while符合句意，D正确。54. B 词义辨析题。空格所在句意为“家长们不用对已经植入耳内的导管感到_。”结合后面可知，panic（恐慌）符合句意，所以B正确。outrage意为“凌辱；引起义愤”。55. C 词义辨析题。空格所在的句意为“一旦_植入以后，这种小装置就能排泄半年到一年的时间。”可见，这正是成功植入后的效果，所以C正确。formally意为“正式地；形式上地”。4. Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel 36 the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other 37 of transport. These 38 make it possible for boats to travel 39 ports along the coast without being 40 to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their 41 a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 42 on the coast; still other canals 43 lands where there is too much water, help to 44 fields where there is not enough water, and 45 water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal 46 on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 47 each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water 48 the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first 49 through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a 50 of strange blue-green lines. These were called “canals” 51 they looked the same as canals on earth 52 are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now 53 that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs 54 from space-ships have helped us to 55 the truth about the Martian “canals”.36. A. off B. with C. to D. by37. A. way B. means C. method D. approach38. A. waterways B. waterfronts C. channels D. paths39. A. among B. between C. in D. to40. A. revealed B. exposed C. opened D. shown41. A. trip B. journey C. voyage D. route42. A. lain B. stationed C. set D. located43. A. escape B. drain C. dry D. leak44. A. water B. wet C. soak D. irrigate45. A. furnish B. afford C. offer D. give46. A. focuses B. bases C. depends D. takes47. A. cross B. pass C. move D. advance48. A. down B. beneath C. below D. off49. A. studied B. researched C. surveyed D. observed50. A. plenty B. number C. deal D. supply51. A. although B. because C. so D. if52. A. that B. where C. when D. as53. A. exact B. definite C. certain D. decisive54. A. held B. taken C. got D. developed55. A. find B. expose C. uncover D. discover答案解析： 36C惯用搭配题。parallel to意为“与平行”，是固定搭配，且符合句意，所以C正确。37B惯用搭配题。means of transport意为“交通工具/方式”，是固定搭配，所以B正确。38A词义辨析题。waterway意为“水道”，waterfront意为“城市的滨水区”，channel意为“海