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滚筒式绞车传动系统设计【7张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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工程图1.装配图A0新.DWG

工程图2.大齿轮A1.DWG

工程图3.行星轮A1.DWG

工程图4.中间轴A2.DWG

工程图5.小齿轮A2.DWG

工程图6.马达齿轮手绘A2.DWG

工程图7.轴齿轮A2.DWG

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关键词：: 滚筒绞车传动系统设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

资源描述：

摘要9

前言11

1概论12

1.1国内绞车的发展12

1.2国外绞车的发展12

1.3国内外水平对比12

1.4总体发展趋势13

1.5有关毕业设计的题目14

1.6有关提升绞车的介绍14

1.7有关调度绞车的介绍15

2、滚筒式绞车的基本原理16

2.1滚筒式绞车的工作原理16

2.2滚筒式绞车的传动原理16

2.3设计的原始数据和传动方案选择17

3传动方案的选择及滚筒的设计19

3.1传动方案的选择19

3.2驱动装置的设计19

3.3滚筒的设计19

3.4制动装置的设计20

4传动系统的设计22

4.1传动比的设计与计算22

4.2减速装置的传动比分配计算23

4.3传动装置的运动参数计算23

4.4齿轮的传动设计24

4.5轴的设计及计算38

4.6滚动轴承的校核计算43

4.7键的强度计算44

5.滚筒式绞车制动器的设计45

5.1制动器的形式和常用安全装置45

5.2制动器的选用和设计46

6.滚筒式绞车的使用与说明50

6.1使用与维护50

6.2绞车的润滑51

6.3绞车的装配及检验52

6.4绞车的修复与零部件的更换53

6.5绞车的拆卸53

结束语55

致谢56

参考文献57

摘要

滚筒式绞车是结合了提升绞车JT0.8 ×0.6型号的技术参数以及调度绞车JD-11.4行星齿轮传动结构来设计的。目的是使此提升绞车能在节省空间的条件下完成较大的传动比的要求。目前，很多提升轿车都向着标准化、体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、高效节能、寿命长、噪音低、一机多能、大功率、外形简单等方向发展。因此，使得我们需要在结构上对提升机进行改进，而调度绞车的行星齿轮传动对此改进将会起到很大的作用，因为行星轮传动具有较大的传动比、高效、噪音小、结构紧凑等特点，刚好可以满足上述要求。因此，我的毕业设计“滚筒式绞车”就是对两种绞车在结构和性能上的综合，使其达到最优的设计效果，具有所需的功能。

关键字

滚筒式绞车提升绞车调度绞车行星齿轮

Abstract

The roller type car is a technique to joins together to promote the winch JT0.8*0.6 model numbers parameter and adjust a degree the winch planet JD-11.4 wheel gear spreads to move the construction to design of.The purpose is a request to make this promote winch can complete while saving the spatial term bigger spreading move the ratio.Current,a lot of promote the winch all the facing standard series turns,the physical volume is small,the weight is light,construction tightly packed,economize on energy efficiently,the life span is long,low noise,a machine can much,big power,shape etc.direction development.Therefore,make us needing on the construction to promote the winch proceed the improvement,but adjusts a very big function,because the planet wheel gear spreads to move to have the very big spreading moves the ratio,efficiently,the noise is small,the characteristics of the construction tightly packed,can satisfy the above request at the right moment.Therefore,my graduate design "roller type winch"g is to two kinds of winches to go forward with the function at the construction the line synthesizes,making its attain the superior turning.

Key word the roller type winch promote the winch adjust a winch improvement

前言

此次毕业设计师我们在学校里的最后一次综合能力的提高，它要求我们对大学里所学过的课程进行全面的了解与加深。比如说，机械原理、材料力学、理论力学、极限配合、机械设计等等。很快，四年的大学生活很快就要结束了，在离开学校走上工作岗位之际，毕业设计将是对我们的一个考验，这既考察了我们对大学四年里所学知识的掌握程度，有考察了我们的实际应用能力以及在解决一件事情上的态度的问题。

在大学四年的学习过程中，我们也做过许多课程设计，独立完成一定量的图纸要求，但此次，完全用电脑来完成设计还是第一次，故而，这又锻炼了我们对制图软件、查阅机械手册以及相关资料的应用等的能力，为我们以后在工作岗位上能轻车熟路打好基础。

机械行业是一个由不同的专业组成的，技术性很强的，需要紧密配合的系统工程，是促进我国经济发展的生命线。而目前，我国的机械行业在世界发展潮流中还尚处于落后的地位，因此，需要我们这一批人把握时代的主题，走在国家乃至世界的前列。

诚然，毕业设计尚属于一个并不成熟的设计，只是我们迈向未来的第一步，但在毕业设计中，我们可以完全放飞自己的思想，让我们的思路不受任何限制，大胆的去实现自己的想法。当然，在我们所设计出的产品里面，可能还有许多不实用的地方，但都有着我们自己的想法在里面。相信通过自己的努力，一定能在这次毕业设计中巩固自己在大学期间所学的知识。为以后我们真正的走上工作岗位检验自己。

全部文件.gif

工程图1.装配图A0新.gif

工程图2.大齿轮A1.gif

工程图3.行星轮A1.gif

工程图4.中间轴A2.gif

工程图5.小齿轮A2.gif

工程图6.马达齿轮手绘A2.gif

工程图7.轴齿轮A2.gif

内容简介：: 英文材料 Lathe and Turning The Lathe and Its Construction A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution flat edges. Based on their purpose ,construction , number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted , and degree of automation ,lathes or, more accurately, lathe-type machine tools can be classified as follows: (1) Engine lathes (2) Toolroom lathes (3) Turret lathes (4) Vertical turning and boring mills (5) Automatic lathes (6) Special-purpose lathes In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation .These features can best be illustrated by considering the commonly used representative type, the engine lathe. Following is a description of each of the main elements of an engine lathe , which is shown in Fig.11.1. Lathe bed . The lathe bed is the main frame , involving a horizontal beam on two vertical supporis. It is usually made of grey or nodular cast iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting . It has guideways to allow the carriage to slide easily lengthwise. The height of the lathe bed should be appropriate to enable the technician to do his or her jib easily and comfortably. Headstock. The headstock is fixed at the left hand side of the lathe bed and includes the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways (the silde surface of the bed) . The spindle is driven through the gearbox , which is housed within the headstock. The function of the gearbox is to provide a number of different spindle speeds (usually 6 up to 18 speeds) . Some modern lathes have headstocks with infinitely variable spindle speeds, which employ frictional , electrical , or hydraulic drives. The spindle is always hollow , I .e ,it has a through hole extending lengthwise. Bar stocks can be fed througth that hole if continous production is adopted . A lso , that hole has a tapered surface to allow mounting a plain lathe center . The outer surface of the spindle is nts 2 threaded to allow mounting of a chuck , a face plate , or the like . Tallstock . The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts , its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill . The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guidewayes , and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location , depending upon the length of the workpiece . The intermediate parte is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the the tailstock with that of the headstock . The third part, the quill, is a hardened steel tube, which can be moved longitudinally in and out of the intermediate part as required . This is achieved through the use of a handwheel and a screw , around which a nut fixed to the quill is can be locked at any point along its travel path by means of a clamping device. The carriage. The main function of the carriage is mounting of the cutting tools and generating longitudinal and /or cross feeds. It is actually an H-shaped block that slides on the lathe bed between the headstock and tailstock while being guided by the V-shaped guideways of the bed . The carriage can be moved either manually or mechanically by means of the apron and either the feed rod or the lead screw. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is the feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair o half nuts , which are fixed to the rear of the apron . When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is fed , together with carriage, along the bed . when the lever is disengaged , the half nuts are released and the carriage stops. On the other hand , when the feed rod is used, it supplies power to the apron through a wrom gear . The latter is keyed to feed rod and travels with the apron along the feed rod , which has a keyway extending to cover its whole length. A modern lathe usually has a quick-change gearbox located under the headstock and driven from the spindle through a train of gears. It is connected to both the feed rod and the lead screw and enables selecting a variety of feeds easily and rapidly by simply shifting the appropriate levers, the quick-change gearbox is employed in plain turning, facing and thread cutting operations. Since that gearbox is linked to spindle, the distance that the apron (and the cutting tool) travels for each revolution of the spindle can be controlled and is referred to as the feed. Lathe Cutting Tools The shape and geometry of the lathe tools depend upon the purpose for which they are employed. Turning tools can be classified into tow main groups,namely,external cutting tools and internal cutting tools , Each of these groups include the following types of tools: nts 3 Turning tools. Turing tools can be either finishing or rough turning tools . Rough turning tools have small nose radii and are used for obtaining the final required dimensions with good surface finish by marking slight depth of cut . Rough turning tools can be right hand or left-hand types, depending upon the direction of feed. They can have straight, bent, or offset shanks. Facing tools . Facing tools are employed in facing operations for machining plane side or end surfaces. There are tools for machining left-hand-side surfaces and tools for right-hand-side surfaces. Those side surfaces are generated through the use of the cross feed, contrary to turning operations, where the usual longitudinal feed is used. Cutoff tools. Cutoff tools ,which are sometimes called parting tools, serve to separate the workpiece into parts and/or machine external annual grooves. Thread-cutting tools. Thread-cutting tools have either triangular, square, or tranpezoidal cutting edges, depending upon the cross section of the desired thread .Also , the plane angles of these tools must always be identical to those of the thread forms. Thread-cutting tools have straight shanks for external thread cutting and are of the bent-shank type when cutting internal threads . Form tools. Form tools have edges especially manufactured to take a certain form, which is opposite to the desired shape of the machined workpiece . An HSS tools is usually made in the form of a single piece ,contrary to cemented carbides or ceramic , which are made in the form of tipes. The latter are brazed or mechanically fastened to steel shanks. Fig.11.2 indicates an arrangement of this latter type, which includes the carbide tip , the chip breaker ,the pad ,the clamping screw (with a washer and a nut ) , and the shank. As the name suggests, the function of the chip breaker is to break long chips every now and then , thus preventing the formation of very long twisted ribbons that may cause problems during the machining operations . The carbide tips ( or ceramic tips ) can have different shapes, depending upon the machining operations for which they are to be employed . The tips can either be solid or with a central through hole ,depending on whether brazing or mechanical clamping is employed for mounting the tip on the shank. Lathe Operations In the following section , we discuss the various machining operations that can be performed on a conventional engine lathe. It must be borne in mind , however , that modern computerized numerically controlled lathes have more capabiblities and do other operations ,such as contouring , for example . Following are conventional lathe operations. Cylindrical turning . Cylindrical turning is the the simplest and the most common of nts 4 all lathe operations . A single full turn of the workpiece generate a circle whose center falls on the lathe axis; this motion is then reproduced numerous times as a result of the axial feed motion of the tool. The resulting machining marks are , therefore ,a helix having a very small pitch, which is equal to the feed . Consequently , the machined surface is always cylindrical. The axial feed is provided by the carriage or the compound rest , either manually or automatically, whereas the depths of cuts is controlled by the cross slide . In roughing cuts , it is recommended that large depths of cuts (up to 0.25 in. or 6 mm, depending upon the workpiece material) and smaller feeds would be used. On the other hand , very fine feeds, smaller depth of cut (less than 0.05in. , or 0.4 mm) , and high cutting speeds are preferred for finishing cuts. Facing . The result of a facing operation is a flat surface that is either the whole end surface of the workpiece or an annular intermediate surface like a shoulder . During a facing operation ,feed is provided by the cross slide, whereas the depth of cut is controlled by the carriage or compound rest . Facing can be carried out either from the periphery in ward or from the center of the workpiece outward . It is obvious that the machining marks in both cases tack the form of a spiral. Usually, it is preferred to clamp the carriage during a facing operation, since the cutting force tends to push the tool ( and , of course , the whole carriage ) away from the workpiece . In most facing operations , the workpiece is held in a chuck or on a face plate. Groove cutting. In cut-off and groove-cutting operations ,only cross feed of the tool is employed. The cut-off and grooving tools , which were previously discussed, are employed. Boring and internal turning . Boring and internal are performed on the internal surfaces by a boring bar or suitable internal workpiece is solid, a drilling operation must be performed first . The drilling tool is held in the tailstock, and latter is then fed against the workpiece. Taper turning . Taper turning is achieved by driving the tool in a direction that is not paralled to the lathe axis but inclined to it with an angle that is equal to the desired angle of the taper . Following are the different methods used in taper-turning practice: Rotating the disc of the compound rest with an angle to half the apex angle of the cone . Feed is manually provided by cranking the handle of the compound rest . This method is recommended for taper turning of external and internal surfaces when the taper angle is relatively large. Employing special form tools for external , very short ,conical surfaces . The width of nts 5 the workpiece must be slightly smaller than that of the tool ,and the workpiece is usually held in a chuck or clamped on a face plate . I n this case , only the cross feed is used during the machining process and the carriage is clamped to the machine bed . Offsetting the tailstock center . This method is employed for esternal tamper turning of long workpiece that are required to have small tamper angles (less than 8 ) . The workpiece is mounted between the two centers ; then the tailstock center is shifted a distance S in the direction normal to the lathe axis. Using the taper-turning attachment . This method is used for turning very long workpoece , when the length is larger than the whole stroke of the compound rest . The procedure followed in such cases involves complete disengagement of the cross slide from the carriage , which is then guided by the taper-turning attachment . During this process, the automatic axial feed can be used as usual . This method is recommend for very long workpiece with a small cone angle , i.e. , 8 through 10 . Thread cutting . When performing thread cutting , the axial feed must be kept at a constant rate , which is dependent upon the rotational speed (rpm) of the workpiece . The relationship between both is determined primarily by the desired pitch of the thread to be cut . As previously mentioned , the axial feed is automatically generated when cutting a thread by means of the lead screw , which drives the carriage . When the lead screw rotates a single revolution, the carriage travels a distance equal to the pitch of the lead screw rotates a single revolutional speed of the lead screw is equal to that of the spindle ( i. e . , that of the workpiece ), the pitch of the resulting cut thread is exactly to that of the lead screw . The pitch of the resulting thread being cut therefore always depends upon the ratio of the rotational speeds of the lead scew and the spindle : Pitch of the lead screw rpm of the workpiece = spindle-to-carriage gearing ratio Desired pitch of workpiece rpm of lead screw This equation is usefully in determining the kinematic linkage between the lathe spindle and the lead screw and enables proper selection of the gear train between them . n thread cutting operations , the workpiece can either be held in the chuck or mounted between the two lathe centers for relatively long workpiece . The form of the tool used must exactly coincide with the profile the thread to be cut , I . e . , triangular tools must be used for triangular threads , and so on . Knurling . knurling is mainly a forming operation in which no chips are prodyced . Tt involves pressing two hardened rolls with rough filelike surfaces against the rotating nts 6 workpiece to cause plastic deformation of the workpiece metal. Knurling is carried out to produce rough , cylindrical ( or concile )surfaces , which are usually used as handles . Sometimes , surfaces are knurled just for the sake of decoration ; there are different types of patterns of knurls from which to choose . Cutting Speeds and Feeds The cutting speed , which is usually given in surface feet per minute (SFM), is the number of feet traveled in circumferential direction by a given point on the surface (being cut ) of the workpiece in one minute . The relationship between the surface speed and rpm can be given by the following equation : SMF =3.14*DN Where D= the diameter of the workpiece in feet N=the rpm The surface cutting speed is dependent primarily upon the machined as well as the material of the cutting and can be obtained from handbooks , information provided by cutting tool manufacturera , and the like . generally , the SFM is taken as 100 when machining cold-rolled or mild steel ,as 50 when machining tougher metals , and as 200 when machining sofer materials . For aluminum ,the SFMis usually taken as 400 or above . There are also other variables that affect the optimal value of the surface cutting speed . These include the tool geometry, the type of lubricant or coolant , the feed , and the depth of cut . As soon as the cutting sped is decided upon , the rotational speed (rpm) of the spindle can be obtained as follows : SFM =3.14*D The selection of a suitable feed depends upon many factors , such as the required surface finish , the depth of cut , and the geometry of the tool used . Finer feeds produce better surface finish ,whereas higher feeds reduce the machining time during which the tool is in direct contact with the workpiece . Therefore ,it is generally recommended to use high feeds for roughing operations and finer feeds for finishing operations. Again, recommend values for feeds , which can be taken as guidelines , are found in handbooks and information booklets provided by cutting tool manufacturers. Here I want to introduce the drilling and milling : Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool , which rotates around its axis , against the workpiece .Consequently , the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of the required hole .In practice , two symmetrical nts 7 cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed . Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines . The latter differ in size and construction . nevertheless , the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed . this is contrary to drilling on a lathe . Cutting Tool for Drilling Operations In drilling operations , a cylindrical rotary-end cutting , called a drill , is employed . The drill can have either one or more cutting edges and corresponding flutes , which can be straight or helical . the function of the flutes is to provide outlet passages for the chips generated during the drilling operation and to allow lubricants and coolants to reach the cutting edges and the surface being machined . Following is a survey of the commonly used drills. Twist drill . The twist drill is the most common type of drill .It has two cutting edges and two helical flutes that continue over the length of the drill body , as shown in Fig 12.1 The drill also consist of a neck and a shake that can be either straight or tapered .In the latter case , the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang , which goes into a slot in the spindle socket ,thus acting as a solid means for transmitting rotation . On the other hand , straight shank drills are held in a drill chuck that is , in turn , fitted into the spindle socket in the same way as tapered shank drills. As can be seen in FIG.12.1 , the two cutting edges are referred to as the lips , and are connected together by a wedge , which is a chisel-like edge . The twist drill also has two margins , which enable proper guidance and locating of the drill while it is in operation . The tool point angle (TPA) is formed by the lips and is chosen based on the properties of the material to be cut . The usual TAP for commercial drills is 118 , which is appropriate for drilling low-carbon steels and cast irons . For harder and tougher metals , such as hardened steel , brasss and bronze , larger TPAs (130 OR 140 ) give better performance . The helix angle of the flutes of the commonly used twist drills ranges between 24 and 30 . When drilling copper or soft plastics , higher values for the helix angle are recommended (between 35 and 45). Twist drills are usually made of high speed steel ,although carbide tipped drills are a

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