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家用清扫机器人的结构设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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家用清扫机器人的结构设计

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关键词：: 家用清扫打扫机器人结构设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

资源描述：

摘要 …………………………………………………………………1

第一章前言

1.1题目要求 ………………………………………………………3

1.2国内外产品研究状况 …………………………………………4

1.2.1 国外产品研究状况 ………………………………………………………4

1.2.2 国内产品研究状况 ………………………………………………………9

1.2.3 自主充电技术研究现状 …………………………………………………10

1.3研究的目的和意义 ……………………………………………11

1.4设计的重点和难点 ………………………………………………11

第二章家庭清洁机器人的关键技术

2.1传感技术 …………………………………………………………12

2.2路径规划技术 ……………………………………………………12

2.3吸尘技术 …………………………………………………………12

2.4电源技术 …………………………………………………………13

第三章清洁机器人的机械设计

3.1机械结构组成和工作原理 ………………………………………13

3.1.1 机械结构组成 ……………………………………………………………14

3.1.2 工作原理 …………………………………………………………………16

3.2清洁机器人总体设计 ……………………………………………17

3.2.1 机器人外形设计 …………………………………………………………17

3.2.2 机器人的行走机构设计 …………………………………………………18

3.2.3 清扫机构的设计 …………………………………………………………18

3.2.4 吸尘机构设计 ……………………………………………………………21

3.2.5 垃圾收集处理机构设计 …………………………………………………22

第四章具体计算

4.1电机选择 ………………………………………………………24

4.2 蜗轮蜗杆的选择 ………………………………………………25

4.3 清扫机构电机的选择 …………………………………………26

4.4 家用清扫机器人电池的选用 …………………………………26

4.5 清扫机构中蜗杆上轴承的寿命的计算 ………………………27

4.6 清扫机构中涡轮轴的校核 ……………………………………28

第五章总结和展望

5.1 发展趋势 …………………………………………………………30

5.1.1 高度智能化 …………………………………………………………………30

5.1.2 功能扩展 ……………………………………………………………………30

5.1.3 低成本化 ……………………………………………………………………30

5.2展望 ………………………………………………………………30

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………31

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………32

附录 ……………………………………………………………………33

外文文献 ……………………………………………………………………33

中文翻译 ……………………………………………………………………40

摘要

二十一世纪是清洁环保的时代，中国新兴的清洗产业必将迅猛发展。当今，各种绿色、环保的清洗技术不断地推出，新型产品和机械设备不断涌现，清洗产业也几乎渗透到所有的工业服务领域，以及社会生活服务的各个方面，直至深入到人们的日常衣食住行中。人类生活水平不断提高的今天，无论从环境美化、节能增效，还是从人们精神生活需要的角度，清洁业的全面进步已经并正在成为市场经济发展不可缺少的推动力，能为社会环保事业做出不可忽视的贡献。

清洁机器人又称智能吸尘机器人或自动吸尘器，它涉及到机械、电子和计算机等相关知识，是将移动机器人技术和清洁技术融为一体，模仿人体清洁动作的高新技术产品。它不仅节省了劳动力资源，而且还解决了人类在复杂恶劣的环境之下不能持续工作的问题。近年来随着科技和社会的不断进步和发展，已受到国内外的重视，成为服务性机器人一个新的研究方向，也成为目前家用电器领域最具挑战性的热门研发课题。

服务机器人已经渗透了我们的生活、工作和经济各方面，并且起到了很大的作用。服务机器人的研究和发展对我们的经济发展有很多的影响。清扫机器人是当今服务机器人领域的一个热门研究方向。本篇文章提出一种全方位地面清扫机器人，主要面向家庭和办公室等狭窄空间的清扫工作，主要通过阐述清洁机器人在服务行业的重要性，对国内现有家庭清扫机器人机械系统进行详细分析的基础上，对清扫机器人的清扫功能做了一定改进，让读者了解将来机器人发展对社会发展的重要性，文章还写了本人对我国机器人现状的一些调查和理解看法，在机器人发展中存在的一些影响因素，还有对机器人使用领域的一些展望。

关键词：服务机器人，清洁机器人，运动原理，清洁方式。

ABSTRACT

The 21st century is the era of clean and environmental protection, China's emerging cleaning industry will be rapid development. Today, all kinds of green, environmentally friendly cleaning technology constantly launch, new products and mechanical equipment, cleaning industry also permeates nearly all industrial sectors, as well as to various aspects of social life, to go deep into the People's Daily food and clothing live line. Today, human's living standards continue to improve, both from the landscaping, energy conservation and efficiency, and from the perspective of people spiritual life need, the overall progress of cleaning industry has been and is become indispensable driving force, the market economy development socially significant contributions to environmental causes.

Cleaning robot is also called intelligent vacuuming robot or automatic vacuum cleaner, it involves knowledge such as machinery, electronics and computer, mobile robot technology and clean technology integration, the imitation of human body cleaning action of high-tech products. It not only saves labor resources，but also solve the human in the complex can't continue to work under the harsh environment. In recent years, along with the advance of science and technology and society and the development, has brought to the attention of the domestic and foreign, to become a service robot is a new research direction, also become the home appliances is the most challenging in the field of the hot research topic.

Service robots have infiltrated our lives, work and the economy, and played a large role. Service robot research and development of our economic development have a lot of influence. Cleaning robot is a hot research direction in the field of service robots. This article puts forward a comprehensive ground cleaning robot, mainly for home and office of narrow space such as cleaning work, mainly through the importance of cleaning robot in the service sector, in the domestic existing home cleaning robot mechanical system, on the basis of detailed analysis of the cleaning robot cleaning function to do a certain improvement, let the reader understand the importance of robots in the future development of the social development, the article also wrote himself on the current status of the robot in our country, based on some investigation and understanding in some influence factors existing in the development of the robot, and to use some prospects in the field of robot.

Key words：Service robots, cleaning robot, motion principle, clean way.

第一章前言

1.1题目要求

近年来，随着计算机技术与人工智能科学的飞速发展，智能机器人技术逐渐成为现代机器人研究领域的热点。其中，服务机器人开辟了机器人应用的新领域。服务机器人的出现主要有三大原因：一是劳动力成本的上升；二是人类想摆脱枯燥乏味的体力劳动，如清沽、家务、照顾病人等；三是人口的老龄和社会福利制度的完善也为某些服务机器人提供了广泛的市场应用前景。服务机器人区别于工业机器人的一个主要特征就是服务机器人是一种适用于具体的方式、环境及任务过程的机器人系统，其活动空间大，具有在非结构环境下的移动性，因此服务机器人大多数是移动机器人。

自动进行房间地面清洁的自主吸尘式家庭服务机器人，集机械学、电子技术、传感器技术、计算机技术、控制技术、机器人技术、人工智能等诸多学科为一体。自主吸尘机器人作为智能移动机器人实用化发展的先行者，其研究始于20世纪80年代，到目前为止，已经产生了一些概念样机和产品。吸尘机器人的发展，带动了家庭服务机器人行业的发展，也促进了移动机器人技术、图像和语音识别、传感器等相关技术的发展，本次设计的题目《家庭清扫机器人》就是在这种背景下提出的，其具体设计要求如下：

设计家庭清洁机器人的工作内容和要求：

运行机构形式：滚轮式

最高行进速度：0.5m／s

高度:<100mm

宽度:<400mm

清洁方式：扫刷、吸尘

一次充电连续工作时间： 0.8小时

具有自动路径规划避障功能

具有自动充电装置

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内容简介：: 1 附录 Home cleaning service-oriented development and current situation of the robot 1 Introduction In recent years, with the rapid development of Chinese industry, cleaner production and sales volume has increased significantly in Chinas market has great vitality. With the social progress and development, peoples material and spiritual improvement of the quality of the urgent need to clean from the heavy work out. Thus the birth of a service-oriented home cleaning robots, mobile robots will be cleaning technology and the organic integration of technology to achieve the family hotels, office buildings and other indoor environment clean and semi-automatic or fully automatic, so has a broad market prospects. In this paper, cleaning robots, on the domestic and foreign research and its key technologies are introduced, and the development of cleaning robots in the near future a number of issues were discussed. 2 Cleaning robot research at home and abroad In Europe America and Japan and Other developed countries, the development of cleaning robots earlier, is also a wider range of applications, the last two years, has developed a wide range of market-oriented intelligent cleaning robot. 2.1 Japan produced vacuum cleaner Japan some company to promote the family in 2002 to use vacuum cleaner robots trial seize the opportunity 1 in the first half of the year. This robot may when according to the room shape the floor condition, the quantity of refuse carries on the automatic cleaning the work, first along the room all around will walk a memory room shape, then, while avoids the obstacle by vertical, the crosswise way back and forth to move carries on cleanly after the clearing completes, the automatic stopping This vacuum cleaner robot equipment has 50 sensors, but on the other hand on the one hand walks automatically carries on the cleaning. It uses the light and the ultrasonic wave range sensor, the feeling presses the sensor to avoid the obstacle; Built-in has the rotation sensor, uses for to control walks the posture maintains decides marches forward the direction; Has installed the rudder sensor, may examine marches forward the direction error which produces as a result of the rug pattern influence, even if therefore, in the shop has on rugs floor also to be able the straight line advance. In addition, this robot in vivo also installs has prevents heat source and so on dropping variance sensor which, sensation warming stove from high place and so on. Stair rolls down thermal seniors, to examine own receives the external force size definite weight sensor and the skid resistant sensor, the examination increase power load sensor. It may most little maintain with the ordinary obstacle 10 cm the distances but when surveys the heat source, will nts 2 handle jointly with the heat source will maintain at least 50 cm the distances. Its contour size for wide 292 mm, long 367 mm, high 265 mm, heavy 9.8 kg, the maximum traveling speed is 30 cm/s. When the sensor survey on floors trash, will enhance the suction to usual15 times, simultaneously the traveling speed drop will be 15 cm/s, will carry on the cleaning carefully. Will not be having trash place by the 30cm/s speed migration the suction also 1O reduce, a charge may work 55 min will sweep clear 80 m2 the rooms, will vacuum the power is 90W. 2.2 Australias V4 vacuums robot Australia some company also to develop may go automatically and clean the room the V4 robot. This kind of completely automatic vacuum cleaner surface is smooth, the volume is very small, assumes the circular, the built-in acquisition radar, may search in each kind of room each, will not collide the furniture or other obstacles. Micro processes the small computer to cause it have is turning to roof pinnacle place can survey the direction, choice route of advances ability. So long as place the completely automatic vacuum cleaner in the ground, it then may start to work automatically. Its acquisition radar can surveys away from the recent wall, is being suitable the first wall attracts floor dust the foreign matter all around; Then back and forth moves anomalous again in room other positions, and can before the close obstacle changes rapidly. Should vacuum the robot, because 360has provided the obstacle sensor in main engines periphery, therefore may cleans the ground during the examination wall and obstacle; After cleaning the place which may go, robot on automatic shut-off power source. No matter the room contour and the area size, the ARNA guidance algorithm guidance robot all not covers up the region movement in any room to carry on the clearing in all directions, because robot guidance along room periphery, therefore it must found her spatial reference diagram, doesnt the robot need any programming where to teach it to go to. This robot simplicity of operator only has 3 buttons： Starts the conclusion as well as the suspension so long as the people in laid aside simply in needed to sweep clear in the region or the room(this kind of completely automatic vacuum cleaner robot was very light, a hand might easy take up it), pressed down starts the button then. 2.3 Swiss trilobita vacuum cleaner is small “the trilobita” Is Switzerland develops the production the completely automatic vacuum cleaner. Is small “the trilobita” high 13cm, diameter 35cm, the surface is smooth, assumes the circular, the built-in acquisition radar, may survey rapidly and avoids the table leg, the glassware, the pet or any other obstacles. Once micro processes the small computer to distinguish these obstacles, it may choose the route, and makes to the entire room judges and calculates, guaranteed that the room each corner is swept clear. And so on some do not have the natural barrier place in the staircase stair, so long as has magnet, will be small “the trilobita” then not to surmount. After being small “the nts 3 trilobita” starts the start, I vivo acquisition radar can survey is away from the recent wall, is being suitable the first wall attracts floor dust and the foreign matter all around, it then can survey like the entire room the pattern, calculates time which the cleaning entire room needs. So long as a close obstacles, it will then establish the line of march, will not leave out each corner. Is small “the trilobita” attracts brushes installs the Chinese dress to have a patent design pulley, may cross the electric wire or the rug edge, is not impeded. When power source insufficiency, will be small “the trilobita” to return to charge automatically Booth to charge voluntarily. If this time room did not have the cleaning to finish, is small “the trilobita” to have the memory function, after sufficient good electricity, return to the original position to continue to vacuum. 2.4 American Rumba (Roomba) vacuum cleaner By the American some institute artificial intelligence laboratory developments wisdom automatic vacuum cleaner, the utilization artificial intelligence revolution and the guidance detection technology, cleans each inch floor intelligently, the real suction hole which and revolving matching is in sole possession of brushes, the clean effect is specially good. By the American TIME evolution was in 2002 one of coolest inventions. So long as presses down the switch, the Roomba completely automatic will assign the region to vacuum cleans, bumps into obstacle servo-assisted steering, will meet the staircase also automatically to detect cannot fall down, the special real suction hole, revolving will brush with revolving side brush the design, regardless of will be the rug or the floor, clean will be very convenient. Highly only some 10 cm, diameter 34 cm Roomba may with case sneak under the bed bottom or the sofa carries on cleans. The Roomba pattern is by mathematics operation idea design movement route. After Roomba start, will follow the spiral-shaped route revolution, by the helix revolution way which will expand gradually covers the space, when will bump will touch the wall or the furniture and so on large-scale obstacle, its special obstacle induction regulator can resist the wall surface protection fuselage not to receive damages, Roomba along the wall or the furniture advance, by now the body side hair brush sweeps into the corner perhaps the furniture edge sully dust detritus in the vacuum cleaner. Have swept clear part of space after the wall or the furniture, Roomba will transfer a 90direction and sweeps the room according or the above route another head, was so alternately redundant, the screw revolution route to be possible back and forth to attract the room, the cleaning finishes namely the automatic stopping. This only heavy 2.5Kg, selects the charge method the vacuum cleaner convenience to be practical, the selling price is only 200 US dollars, already went on the market in Europe and America. 2.5 Domestic present situation nts 4 Domestic also started the related research development work at present, specially was moving robots movement plan and the control aspect has achieved certain achievement, vacuumed the robot for the research developed the omni-directional motion ground cleaning robot, this robots control system could explain the remote control signal accurately, and to organism issuing working order, momentarily received “the eye”(i.e. infrared light electric switch and supersonic sensor) the sensation four direction exterior barrier information, and requested the robot to make straight line or to change the movement according to the above, marched forward, it did not stop rotates the floor to brush, filled in “the stomach” completed the ground in dust, this kind of robot one time charged works sustainably for a half hour, had the intelligent power source management function, lengthened the running time, the average each minute running speed is 15m. in addition, should vacuum the robot to use the open style robot control structure, realizes the hardware to be possible to expand, the software to be possible to transplant, may to integrate, enables the robot to have the better function compatibility as the service carrier. At the same time, other colleges and universities to moved vacuum the robot also to do the massive research work, has made many progresses. 3 Vacuum robots key technologies A idealization to vacuum the robot assembly system to be usually composed of four parts: the shifting mechanism, the sensation system, the control system and vacuum the system. The shifting mechanism is vacuum robots main body, had decided vacuum cleaners movement space, uses the wheeled organization generally; the sensation system uses the ultrasonic wave distance gauge, the contact and the close sensor, the infrared sensor and the CCD camera generally and so on; along with the recent years computer technology, the artificial intelligence technology, the sensing technology as well as the motion robot technologys rapidly expand, vacuumed the robot control systems research and the development has had the solid foundation and the good prospects for development. Vacuums robots control and the working conditions often is indefinite or changeable, must therefore give dual attention to the security reliability, the anti jamming as well as understand the environment through the suitable modeling method, obtain the environment more information, in recent years indicated to intelligent robots research, regarding the work in the multiple structure environments independent- like migration robot, must further enhance its independent degree, mainly depends upon the pattern recognition and the intelligence method, but also needs to further develop the overall situation model, thus gains the overall situation information influence big key technologies is : the multi-sensor fusion technology, vacuum the technology, the Chinese Journal of Power Source and so on. 3.1 Way plan technology nts 5 The way plan is the working conditions information which arrives according to the robot sensation, according to some kind of optimized target, plans one in the initial station and the target point with the environment barrier non-collisions way, and realizes must sweep clear the region the reasonable complete way cover, its essence is moves in the robot rate process the guidance and evades bumps. The robot working conditions are different, divide into the static structurization environment, the dynamic sixth branch to know the environment and the dynamic indefinite environment. Since the 1970s research, has moved robots way plan to be different according to the robot gain environmental information way, divides into three type3 approximately: Based on the model way plan, mainly processes the structurized environment, the plan method has the grid law ,to be possible the view law, the analysis sites law and so on; Based on the sensor informations way plan, mainly uses in the non-structurized environment, overcomes the factor which the environmental condition or the shape are unable to predict that the method has the artificial potential field law, the determination grid law and the fuzzy logic algorithm and so on; behavior based mobile robot path planning is the light mobile robot path planning problem for research in the new trends, is the navigation problem is decomposed into many relatively independent unit that acts primitives such as collision avoidance, target tracking, guidance. With the development of computer technology and the development of sensor technology, multi-sensor integration and information fusion technology in intelligent robot has obtained the widespread application, unstructured environment, mobile robot is the robot technology development, based on multi-sensor information fusion for mobile robot obstacle avoidance strategy and path planning technology is one of the key technology for. 3.2 Multi-sensor fusion technology In order to make the robot vacuum cleaners work, must be on the position of the robot, posture, speed and system state monitoring, and robotic perception the working environment of static and dynamic information, the robot cleaner corresponding work order and operation content can be naturally adapt to changes in the work environment, usually divided into internal and external sensor, wherein the internal sensor encoder, linear accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetic compass is used to control and monitor the robot itself; the external sensor includes visual sensors, ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, contact and proximity sensor, installed in the robot itself for the sense of purpose external environment information. From the domestic cleaning robot can be seen, the cleaning robot uses a large number of sensors, effectively putting a lot of sensor observation information fusion processing, thus enabling the robot to obtain the most substantial external environment information, its main advantage is in the same observation conditions, can coordinate the use of multiple sensors, the distributions in different positions the more homogeneous or nts 6 heterogeneous sensor provided by the local incomplete measurements and related database of relevant information to be integrated, elimination of multiple sensor has complex and contradictory, and complementary, to reduce uncertainty, and thus access to the object or environment consistency description, this is a single sensor cannot be obtained. Application of multi-sensor fusion technology to improve the mobile robot, obstacle recognition environment modeling, obstacle avoidance accuracy plays an important role in fusion methods mainly include: the Kalman filtering method, Bayes estimation method, statistical measures, D - s inference method, fuzzy logic method and production rules. 3.3 Vacuum technical The vacuum cleaner is composed of high-speed rotation of the fan in the body is formed inside a vacuum thereby to produce strong airflow, the dust and dirt suction through the suction machine body of dust filter bag. Vacuum system includes a dust filter, dust bag, exhaust pipes and other accessories, the dust suction capacity depends on the size of the fan speed. Recently, an Australian company developed a new principle of air dust filter. The vacuum cleaner is a closed system, neither the external air suction, and inorganic from gas discharge, so no dust filter, dust bag, an exhaust pipe and other accessories the principle is to use the Coanda effect to form a low pressure gas vortex, the sediment trapped within the vortex chamber of vacuum cleaner. 3.4 Chinese Journal of power sources Mobile power in cleaning robot plays an important role, it is the source of life of cleaning robot. Mobile power required for moving mechanism with power, control circuit for providing a stable voltage, for vacuum operation module and sensing observation module providing energy. In this field, generally used as mobile power chemical batteries, lead-acid batteries, such as NiCd, NiMi ideal power supply in the discharge process should be able to have: to maintain a constant voltage; the small resistance to quickly discharge; rechargeable; the cost is low characteristic. But without a battery may also have these advantages. As a result of indoor mobile robot with small volume, light weight, so the power of the volume weight is also an important consideration, which requires the designer to select a small size, large capacity, can be repeated use of high battery, as much as possible to increase suction machine uninterrupted working time. 4 Conclusion with forecast Robot vacuum cleaner as a service robot in the field of a new product, will make people in the unattended condition easily complete the indoor environment cleaning work. Therefore, the cleaning robot can mass production to reduce costs, lower prices to enter the market, will have a great market prospect, relevant information is also predicted the cleaning robot is the next few years demand is the largest service robot.

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