人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 连杆工艺设计及有限元分析【4张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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连杆工艺设计及有限元分析【4张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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关键词：: 连杆工艺设计有限元分析全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

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摘要

连杆是发动机内部的重要零件，连杆的作用是将活塞的往复运动转变为曲轴的旋转运动，并把作用在活塞组上的燃气压力传给曲轴。连杆的作用是把活塞和曲轴联接起来，使活塞的往复直线运动变为曲柄的回转运动，以输出动力，因此，连杆的加工精度将直接影响柴油机的性能，而工艺的选择又是直接影响精度的主要因素。连杆在工作中，除承受燃烧室燃气产生的压力外，还要承受纵向和横向的惯性力。因此，连杆在一个复杂的应力状态下工作。它既受交变的拉压应力、又受弯曲应力。

本次毕业设计针对汽车发动机连杆进行工艺设计编制及有限元分析。涉及连杆的选材、确定毛坯、拟定工艺路线、选择工艺设备。本论文通过CAD，PROE，ANSYS等对连杆进行了绘制与分析，并且对连杆的加工工艺进行了编制。得到了工艺过程和连杆的有限元分析。

关键字：连杆，工艺编制，有限元分析

ABSTRACT

Internal parts of the engine is an important link, the link is to effect reciprocation of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft, and the piston acting on the gas pressure to the crank set. Role of the piston rod and the crankshaft are coupled together, the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank to the output power, therefore, the connecting rod will directly affect the precision of the performance of the diesel engine, and the process selection is direct The main factors that affect the accuracy. Link at work, in addition to withstand the pressure generated by combustion of gas, but also to withstand the longitudinal and transverse inertia force. Thus, the link to work in a complex stress state. Both by alternating tension and compression stresses, but also by bending stresses.

The graduation project preparation process design and finite element analysis for automotive engine connecting rod. Selection involves connecting rod to determine the rough, develop process route, select process equipment. In this thesis, CAD, PROE, ANSYS, etc. on the link were drawn and analyzed, and the process for connecting rod were prepared. And by a process of finite element analysis of the connecting rod.

KEY WORDS: connecting rod，process planning ，finite element analysis

第一章绪论- 5 -

1.1课题研究的意义- 5 -

1.2国内外现状- 5 -

1.3论文的章节安排- 6 -

第二章连杆的工艺编制- 8 -

2.1 连杆的结构分析- 8 -

2.1.1连杆的作用- 8 -

2.1.3 连杆的工艺分析- 8 -

2.1.4 连杆的材料和毛坯选择- 10 -

2.2 连杆机械加工工艺过程- 11 -

2.3连杆工艺过程的安排- 12 -

2.3.1两个影响加工精度的主要因素- 12 -

2.3.2确定合理的夹紧方法- 13 -

2.3.3定位基准的选择- 13 -

2.3.4 连杆大小头孔的加工- 15 -

2.3.5连杆螺栓孔的加工- 15 -

2.4连杆加工工艺应考虑的问题- 16 -

2.4.1工序安排- 16 -

2.4.2定位基准- 16 -

2.4.3夹具使用- 16 -

2.4.4粗精加工时切削用量的选择原则- 17 -

2.5 连杆机械加工工艺路线- 18 -

2.6 各工序的加工余量- 27 -

第三章连接受载荷情况下的有限元分析- 29 -

3.1连杆的有限元分析过程和结果- 29 -

第四章全文总结- 45 -

致谢- 46 -

参考文献- 47 -

毕业设计小结- 48 -

第一章绪论

1.1课题研究的意义

随着科学技术的发展，我们的生活越来越便捷。例如普遍的汽车，汽车发动机有五大件：缸体、曲轴、连杆、凸轮轴、缸盖。在今天，汽车工业的高速发展，“小体积、大功率、低油耗”的高性能发动机对连杆提出更新、更高的要求。作为高速运动件，重量要轻，减小惯性力，降低能耗和噪声，强度、刚度要高，并具有较高的韧性，连杆比要大，连杆要短。连杆是发动机内部的重要零件，连杆的作用是将活塞的往复运动转变为曲轴的旋转运动，并把作用在活塞组上的燃气压力传给曲轴。所以，连杆除上下运动外，还左右摆动作复杂的平面运动。连杆工作时，主要承受气体压力和往复惯性力所产生的交变载荷，要求它应有足够的疲劳强度和结构刚度。同时，由于连杆既是传力零件，又是运动件，不能单靠加大连杆尺寸来提高其承载能力，须综合材料选用、结构设计、热处理及表面强化等因素来确保连杆的可靠性。连杆在机器中应用之广以及它在机器中的作用和地位不言而喻。因此，本课题所研究的连杆加工工艺是非常有意义的。

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内容简介：: 毕业设计（论文）英文资料翻译 Mechanical Design Theory 学院：西北工业大学明德学院专业：机械设计制造及自动化班级： 161002 班姓名：梁乐学号： 161002 指导老师：李郁 2013 年 4 月 nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 1 Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 2 successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 3 (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain? Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal. Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineering material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 4 had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 5 does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 6 ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 7 机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。nts 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 8 很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。在开始阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，并得到批准。这一般是通过口头讨论，草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流，需要解决下列问题：（ 1）所设计的这个产品是否真正为人们所需要？（ 2）此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争能力？（ 3）生产这种产品是否经济？（ 4）产品的维修是否方便？（ 5）产品有无销路？是否可以盈利？只有时间能对上述问题给出正确答案。但是，产品的设计、制造和销售只能在对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配图，与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行磋商。通常，在制造过程中会出现某个问题。可能会要求对某个零件尺寸或公差作一些更改，使零件的生产变得容易。但是，工程上的更改必须要经过设计人员批准，以保证不会损伤产品的功能。有时，在产品的装配时或者装箱外运前的试验中才发现设计中的某种缺陷。这些事例恰好说明了设计是一个动态过程。总是存在着更好的方法来完成设计工作，设计人员应该不断努力，寻找这些更好的方法。近些年来，工程材料的选择已经显得重要。此外，选择过程应该是一个对材料的连续不断的重新评价过程。新材料不断出现，而一些原有的材料的能够获得的数量可能会减少。环境污染、材料的回收利用、工人的健康及安全等方面经常会对材料选择附加新的限制条件。为了减轻重量或者节约能源，可能会要求使用不同的材料。

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