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目 录1 英文文献翻译1 1.1 英文文献原文11.2 中文翻译12 2 专业阅读书目212.1 机械设计课程设计212.2 包装设计212.3 包装机械选型设计手册212.4 包装机械概论212.5 包装机械与设备222.6 机械设计与应用222.7 气动技术入门与提高222.8 电气传动自动化技术手册222.9 包装机械原理与设计23 3.0 编程及应用233.1 机械设计231英文文献翻译1.1 英文文献原文题目 Given the challenge to fill any kind of container with any kind of liquid, engineers have diligently researched hundreds of product applicationsfrom adhesives and sealants to coatings, and chemicals and lubricants to foods and beveragesin order to design machines that will fill containers rapidly and accurately. One critical specification needed in any industrial filling application is the viscosity of the liquid. Viscosity is the measure of a liquids ability to resist flow. Easy-flowing, water-like liquids have low viscosity, while thicker liquids have higher viscosities. Additional characteristics of industrial liquids include temperature, particle size, pH and degree of foaminess. Characteristics such as “lubricity” and “abrasiveness” are also taken into account to determine the best choice of nozzle configuration. The nozzle is the proprietary fixture (or “head”) that controls the flow of liquid as it streams into the container.NOZZLE TYPESPrecision-made nozzles of the correct size and materials are an important component of liquid filling machines. Ongoing technological innovation and continuous improvements are required to adapt to the wide range of liquid filling Applications. Examples of nozzles for filling industrial liquids include plug, vented cone, shower head and probe; they are designed to optimize the filling of virtually any liquid product. Nozzles for liquid filling machines need to be reliable, durable, corrosion resistant and easy to clean. The plug nozzle is designed for filling through a variety of F-style and screw-cap container openings. Plug nozzles fill thin to viscous products, provide drip control, and are available in a wide range of plug sizes as well as sanitary configurations (for foods). Recent improvements in plug nozzle technology eliminate leaking, which is especially problematic for high-lubricity liquids. Filling applications include adhesives, spackling, grout, peanut butter, fruit fillings and other food applicationsVented cone nozzles support both low- and high-viscosity filling applications where the containers open top diameter is large enough to accept the “cone-style” shape this nozzle produces. The cone shape of the liquid stream directs product flow to the inside diameter walls of the container, thereby reducing splashing. Vented cone nozzles are an excellent choice for various filling applications, including stains, inks, oils, putties, paint, chemicals and adhesives. Shower head nozzles with interchangeable plates are designed for rapid laminar flow filling of -pint to 6-gal open-top containers. Shower head nozzles allow for fast, uninterrupted, non-turbulent flow of the liquid product, thereby reducing splashing. Shower head nozzles handle low- to medium-viscosity products from light liquids such as solvents and stains to higher viscosity products such as adhesives and inks.The probe nozzle is designed to fill foamy products without the production of foam caused by the turbulence of standard top filling. Probe nozzles fill containers from the bottom up, thereby reducing the turbulence that causes certain products to foam. Probe nozzles typically handle a broad range of container sizes from small containers to drums and totes. Filling applications often include detergents, herbicides, solvents, hydraulic fluids, fertilizers and cleaners.FILL SYSTEMSMoving beyond traditional nozzle technology, the gravity-fed direct-fill system has been an important innovation in liquid filling. The liquid filling industry is in an economic environment where the current trend is to maximize efficiency, increase ROI, and make the most of capital investments. Whether an adhesive or sealant manufacturer is choosing to install new liquid filling systems that incorporate the latest technology or retrofit a legacy system to extend the life and productivity of existing equipment, the right decision on where to invest requires a full understanding of the proven fill technologies available today.Liquid filling technology has progressed in stages, from manual hand filling to funnel and hose filling, to nozzle filling and pressurized drum, and now gravity-fed direct filling. Alternative systems place product in a pressurized vessel. The disadvantages of pressurized systems include splattering of product when pressurized nozzles are opened, leaking, product loss and complicated disassembly for cleaning. Volumetric systems fill by volume and can be less accurate.Shower head nozzles allow for fast, uninterrupted, non-turbulent flow of the liquid product, thereby reducing splashing.The negative effects of outdated and poorly performing liquid filling machines or systems include slower fill rates, decreased accuracy, and higher maintenance and cleanup. This results in longer batch changeover times. Any product delivery system that creates excessive spilling wastes valuable product and erodes profitability.As mentioned previously, viscosity is a measure of a liquids ability to resist flow. Laminar flow, sometimes known as streamline flow, occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between the layers. In nonscientific terms, laminar flow is “smooth,” while turbulent flow is “rough.” Gravity-fed filling is best for water-thin liquid viscosities to liquids that are semi-viscous.The gravity-fed, direct-fill system is a liquid filling solution that delivers faster fill rates and improved accuracy, and reduces costs in liquid filling environments that handle products in the low- to medium-viscosity range. Gravity-fed liquid filling systems offer a new opportunity to expand the capabilities of any liquid filling machine, including the retrofit and upgrade of legacy liquid filling machines.Common liquids and their relative range of viscosities from thin to thick as measured in centipoise include water, turpentine, vegetable oil, SAE40 motor oil, varnish, glycerin, molasses, latex paint, honey, SAE70 motor oil, water-based paint, solvents and glue.BENEFITS OF A GRAVITY-FED DIRECT-FILL SYSTEMThe gravity head pressure process delivers more uniform filling for greater throughput. Balanced flow delivers faster fill rates (up to 35%), more consistent filling, and greater batch yields. A balanced flow lends itself to greater control of nozzle cut-off during the filling cycle for greater accuracy.The gravity head pressure process also eliminates splattering and reduces cleanup time. All surfaces on direct-fill systems can be easily accessed for more thorough cleaning. Fewer wetted parts allow a 50% reduction in cleanup and batch changeover time. Direct fill systems feature a welded reservoir tank with integrated nozzles that increase fill rates, improve uptime and reduce maintenance. The simple innovative design and fewer serviceable parts of a gravity-fed direct-fill system reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements, eliminating the need for surge tanks, hoses, valves, and surge dampeners.Gravity-fed filling is best for water-thin liquid viscosities to liquids that are semi-viscous.The main environmentally friendly attribute of gravity-fed direct-fill systems is the reduction of product residue. The result is lower hazardous waste and lower cleaning material needed for cleanup. Adjustment controls for rapid fill rate and dribble rate enable the filling of a variety of liquid industrial applications, including adhesives, coatings, inks and lubricants. Direct-fill systems can be configured with one, two, four, six or eight nozzles to complement a variety of filling machine nozzle configurations and deliver a wide range of container filling throughput rates. Selection of PLCThe former relay control mode has many disadvantages. With the combination of mature computer technology and virtual technology with relay control, the contact point of interference relay control is virtualized and used as internal relay or soft component of controller, and applied in industrial manufacture, that is, PLC system control. Therefore, according to the principle, PLC is the exclusive computer designed for the application in the industrial environment. Its composition and layout also have the advantages of the general computer: the central processing unit is taken as the core and executed under the management of the system program.The design requirements of the control system for liquid filling machine are as follows: accurate, stable, easy to adjust, strong anti-interference and so on, and according to the requirements of the control object of the filling machine, The control system selected in this thesis is Mitsubishi Motor Q series PLC, which usually acts on medium and large scale control system. The modules not only have more common power modules, such as CPU module, input module, output module, but also include positioning module, analog input module and so on. According to specific needs, other modules such as temperature adjustment module, high speed counter and so on can be selected. The Q series PLC can be assembled in the form of main substrates and extended substrates, not only by adding extended modules, but also by adding extended modules. The number of installations and the number of I / O available can also increase storage capacity.The programmable logic controller used here is Q06HCPU.It is usually used in medium, medium and large control systems. Compared with Q06HCPU, Q06HCPU has the advantages of strong execution, fast processing, small delay and large memory to meet the needs of large systems in multiple programs.I / O module is an input / output module whose specification and number are determined by the number of required points of the control system. The more the number of I / O modules is, but the maximum number of modules and the maximum number of points are determined by the selected CPU. The Q06HCPUs selected by the system are high performance Q series PLC CPUs. The maximum I / O control points of the system are 4096 points and the number of controllable modules can reach 64 blocks. If the number of I / O controls required is more, the extended I / O modules can be selected to increase the control number.Motion control module is one of the most popular motion control modules in Mitsubishi PLC intelligent function module. It is used in combination with step motor or servo motor in order to complete complex speed and positioning control. According to the number of control axes, the motion control module has one axis, two axes, four axes and eight axes, which not only completes the linear control and interpolation, but also has the functions of circular arc interpolation, spiral interpolation, multi-origin regression and so on. The QD70P8 positioning module which can be used in 8 axis control is selected here to control the speed of filling servo motor and commutating step motor. 7:.The determination of input and output points: tables 3.1 and 3.2 are the distribution tables of input points and output points of liquid filling machines respectively.selection of actuatorsAccording to the above described control system selection of the executive mechanism, this part of the control of filling and capping servo motor, commutation step motor, the system of the working motor and stopper and cover electromagnet selection, analysis of the characteristics, The connection control method is further explained.Selection of stepping MotorStepping motor is also a common executive element in electrical system. It converts electric pulse into angular displacement or linear displacement and drives other components to rotate and position precisely. When a pulse is input, the fixed angle of rotation is defined as a step angle or step distance. Step angle is an important basis for motor selection. After the motor is selected, the step angle and the number of subdivision are determined. The ratio of the step angle to the fine fraction is the movement amount of the step motor when each pulse is input, which is called pulse equivalent, which determines the motion accuracy of the step motor. The function of step motor is to realize the rotation of servo pump and fixed angle in a very short time. According to the design, Each commutation, servo pump, according to the requirements of the accurate rotation of 120 degrees, and there can be no cumulative error. The existence of cumulative error will interfere with the position relationship between the servo pump and the two filling heads because of the persistent operation of the system, resulting in the whole filling can not be carried out. The system is composed of stepping motor and driver DCH-30806 series driver of Changzhou Dechang. The output current range is 0.4A0. 6A and the output current range is 0.4A0. 6A. The output current is adjusted by different combinations of the drive side board 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 four-bit switch. A total of 16 current values are available.The speed of step motor is controlled by the input of pulse signal, and the fifth position switch of the side plate of the driver can choose either monopulse mode or double pulse mode. In monopulse mode, the step pulse is connected by the pulse port, and the direction of the motor is determined by the level of the direction port. In the dual pulse mode, the driver receives the positive turn pulse from the pulse port and the reverse pulse from the direction port. Both single and double pulses take the optical root from cutoff to conduction as an effective reception signal.When the off-line signal is input, the driver will cut off the electric current of each phase of the motor to make the motor shaft free, and the step pulse will not be responded at this time. This state can effectively reduce the power and temperature rise of the drive and motor. After the off-line control signal is revoked, the drive automatically returns to the phase sequence before the offline and restore the motor current. When no need for this is needed When the offline end is suspended, when the motor stops moving, the stepping motor shaft is in the stop state when the motor stops moving. When the off-line signal is input, the motor shaft is in free state after the motor is stopped and the motor can be rotated manually.The direction and speed of the stepping motor are set by QD70P8 module to make the motor move according to the predetermined curve.Key Technology of liquid fillingNo. 24 filling head is at No. 1. When filling, the filling head and bottle one-to-one correspondence for filling. Press the start button, the filling wheel starts to rotate and fill. Position 1 is the start of filling, 9 is filling stop, 17 is out of bottle. For each filling head, its work flow is as follows: 1 work station begins filling-9 station filling end-17 position out of bottle.The biggest feature of the liquid filling machine is that one servo pump corresponds to the continuous filling of two filling heads, and the two filling heads controlled by the same servo pump are installed at 180 degrees. Take No.1 servo pump as an example, control 1 filling head and 13 filling head, 1 filling head and 13 filling head carry out the above filling one stop one bottle out action, respectively, so each servo pumps work flow is as follows: filling liquid, sucking liquid and sucking liquid.Arrangement of sensorsSensor layout, No. 1 as a reset sensor, its main role is: press the reset button, filling the main motor drive system rotation, when the reset sensor 1 detects the filling head 1 rotation to this position, PLC control filling main motor stop, The main motor reset is completed, the purpose is to make the No. 1 filling head stop at the starting position of filling before each start operation. 3 is the detection sensor with or without bottle. When the bottle is detected, the sensor sends the detection signal to PLC so that the corresponding servo pump can be started. Perform filling action; if there is no bottle, the corresponding servo pump does not act, thus realizing the function of no bottle without filling. The sensor, when the filling head rotates to this position, stops filling. This is also the filling mark position. 5- 16 sensor is the limit position detection sensor on the filling pump, and the 17-28 sensor is the limit position detection sensor under the filling pump. The filling pump moves up and down in a straight line with the servo motor driving the fixed stroke. Normally, the sensor 5- 28 will not be outside the motion stroke. At the same time, when the servo motor is reset, the servo motor drives the ceramic pump to the lower limit position. Ensure that all ceramic pumps are at the bottom before filling begins, so sensor 17-28 is also a reset sensor for servo motors Apparatus.Sensor 29 is a bottle cap sensor. The filled bottle enters the cap assembly through the III. If the sensor 29 detects that the work station has no bottle, then the cap electromagnetic body moves, so that the corresponding rotary cap head has no cover, so that the bottle without cap is realized. Improve the use rate of lid and automation level of filling machine, at the same time can prevent the remaining cover from falling into the filling system to cause mechanical failure. Sensor 30 as position detection sensor, when the cover head drops to this position, The sensor transmits the signal to the PLC, then controls the capping servo motor to stop, and the capping action is completed.changing-overThe biggest feature of the filling machine is the control of two filling heads by the same servo pump and continuous filling. In addition, as the servo pump is to control two filling heads, the ceramic pump needs to be converted between three openings in the filling cycle, and the change of the ceramic pump has a stepper motor to achieve. There are three 120 degrees on the outer side of the ceramic pump. The opening is for the inlet, the outlet 1 and the outlet 2, and the two outlet ports are connected with two 180 degrees of filling head. The inner rotation range is based on the inlet (middle), and turns 120 degrees.Gravity and Pressure FillersThe Gravity and Pressure/Gravity Fillers are suitable for bottling virtually any water-thin to medium consistent viscosity liquid. Gravity fillers are ideally suited for thin, foamy products where pressure/gravity fillers handle heavier viscosity products.Pump FillersE- PAK offers several different types of pump fillers to accommodate a wide variety of products. They provide an accurate and versatile method for filling low, medium and high viscosity liquids into a wide range of containers. E-PAK uses a variety of pumps including progressive cavity pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, rotor pumps or whichever is best for the application. We work with each customer to choose the right pumps, valves, and fittings for each application.Gravity, Pressure & Vacuum Overflow Bottle Fillers Overflow Fillers provide the same cosmetic fill level, making them ideal for filling transparent containers that must have a consistent fill level. Gravity and pressure overflow fillers are designed to handle thin to medium viscosity products. The E-PAK Vacuum Overflow Filler is used for specialty filling applications and is typically used to fill small volume glass containers with low viscosity liquids.Piston Filling SystemsPiston fillers are another great option for packaging liquids. They offer fast and accurate fill rates, versatility with the ability to handle many different types of products, and theyre gentle on products. Theyre ideal for viscous liquids including batters, sauces, pastes, icing, chunky fillings, and certain aerated products. Generally, these liquid packing machines are used to fill liquids that are squeezed through pastry bags or similar packaging.Net Weigh Bottle FillersNet weigh liquid filling systems are great for making sure that each container you fill contains the same amount of product. They are particularly efficient at packaging bulk quantities of products, along with products that are of high value and require the maximum accuracy when weighing them to avoid lost profits.1.2中文翻译考虑到需要填充任何容易的难题，工程师们都在仔细研究着从粘合剂和密封剂中所提取出的数百种产品，对食品和饮料进行化学、润滑等的处理，以便设计能准确灌装容器的机器，任何工业填料应用中需要的一个关键规格是液体的粘度，粘度是衡量液体抵抗流动能力的尺度，流动性好，水状液体粘度低，粘稠液体粘度高。工业液体的附加特性，包括温度、粒度、PH值和程度的起泡，如“润滑”和“磨损”也考虑到确定喷嘴配置最好的选择特性，喷嘴是专有的固定装置（或“头”），它控制液体流入容器时的流动。喷嘴类型准确的喷嘴尺寸和材料是液体灌装机的重要组成部分。需要不断的技术革新和持续改进以适应广泛的液体灌装。应用：用于填充工业液体的喷嘴的例子包括塞子、排气锥、淋浴头和探头；它们的目的是优化几乎所有液体产品的灌装。液体灌装机的喷嘴必须可靠，耐用，耐腐蚀，易于清洗。 插头喷嘴设计填充通过各种各样的F型和螺旋盖的容器开口。塞式喷嘴填充薄粘性产品，提供滴灌控制，可在广泛的插头大小以及卫生配置（食品）。塞式喷嘴技术的最新改进消除了泄漏，这对高润滑性液体特别有帮助。填料的应用包括粘合剂、填平，灌浆，花生酱，水果馅料等食品中的应用。排气锥喷嘴支持低粘度和高粘度灌装应用中，集装箱的开顶直径足够大，接受“锥型”的形状，这个喷嘴产生。液体流的锥形使产品流向容器的内径壁，从而减少飞溅。锥形喷嘴排出各种填充应用程序，一个很好的选择，包括渍、油墨、油腻子，涂料，化学品和胶粘剂。可互换板淋浴喷头喷嘴设计用于快速层流充填品脱到6-gal开顶集装箱。淋浴喷头可使液体产品快速、不间断、不紊流，从而减少飞溅。淋浴喷头处理低至中等粘度的产品，从轻液体，如溶剂和污渍，以更高粘度的产品，如粘合剂和油墨。该探头喷嘴设计用于填充泡沫制品，而不会因标准填充物的紊流而产生泡沫。探测喷嘴从底部向上填充容器，从而减少引起某些产品起泡的湍流。探针的喷嘴通常处理范围广泛的容器大小的小容器桶和手提袋。填料的应用通常包括洗涤剂、除草剂、溶剂、液压油、化肥和清洁剂。填充系统超越传统的喷嘴技术，重力式直接充填系统已成为液体灌装的重要创新。液体灌装行业正处于一个经济环境，目前的趋势是最大限度地提高效率，增加投资回报率，并最大限度地利用资本投资。无论是粘合剂或密封剂制造商正在选择安装新的液体灌装系统，结合最新的技术或改造一个遗留系统，以延长现有设备的寿命和生产力，正确的决定在哪里投资，需要充分了解已证明的填充技术今天可用。液体灌装技术已逐步发展，从手动手工灌装到漏斗和软管灌装，到喷嘴灌装和加压滚筒，现在自流饲料直接灌装。替代系统将产品放入压力容器中。增压系统的缺点包括飞溅的产品时，加压喷嘴打开，泄漏，清洁产品损失和复杂的拆卸。容量系统按体积填充，精度可能较低。淋浴喷头可使液体产品快速、不间断、不紊流，从而减少飞溅。过时的和性能不佳的液体灌装机或系统的负面影响包括较慢的灌装率，降低精度，以及更高的维护和清理。这将导致较长的批处理转换时间。任何产品交付系统都会造成过度溢出浪费有价值的产品并侵蚀盈利能力。如前所述，粘度是液体抵抗流动能力的量度。层流，有时称为流线流动，当流体在平行层流动时，层之间不会发生破裂。在科学方面，层流是“光滑”而湍流是“粗糙”。自流充填是最好的水薄液体粘度的液体，半粘性。重力供给，直接灌装系统是一种液体灌装解决方案，提供更快的灌装速度和提高精度，并降低成本，在液体灌装环境处理产品在低至中等粘度范围。重力式液体灌装系统为扩大液体灌装机的性能提供了新的机会，包括传统液体灌装机的改造和升级。 常见的液体，粘度相对粘度范围从薄到厚的测量，包括水、松节油、植物油、SAE40机油、油、甘油、糖浆、乳胶漆、蜂蜜、sae70机油、水性涂料、溶剂和胶。重力给料直接灌装的益处重力头压力过程提供更均匀的灌装更大的吞吐量。均衡流动提供更快的灌装率（高达35%），更一致的灌装和更大的批量产量。均衡的流量更适合于在灌装周期内更精确地控制喷嘴切断。 重力压头过程中也无飞溅和减少清理时间。直接填充系统上的所有表面可以更容易地访问更彻底。清洁：较少的湿部允许清洗和批处理转换时间减少50%。直接填充系统的特点是带有集成喷嘴的焊接储液罐，提高了填充率，改善了正常运行时间，减少了维护。简单的创新设计和更少的使用部分重力直接填充系统降低运营成本和维护要求，省去了调压井，软管，阀门，和浪涌抑制器。重力充液是最好的水稀液体粘度为半粘性液体。重力式直接充填系统的主要环保特性是减少产品残渣，其结果是有害废物的减少和清理所需的清洁材料的减少。快速灌装率和盘带速度的调节控制，使灌装各种液体工业应用，包括粘合剂，涂料，油墨和润滑剂。直接灌装系统可以配置一个，两个，四个，六个或八个喷嘴，以补充各种灌装机喷嘴配置，并提供广泛的容器灌装吞吐率。PLC的选型以往的继电器控制模式有许多缺点。将成熟的计算机技术和虚拟技术与继电器控制结合在一起,致使干扰继电器控制的触点虚拟化,成为控制器的内部继电器或软元件用,并应用在工业制造中,就是PLC系统控制。所以根据原理来说,PLC就是专为在工业环境下应用而设计的专属计算机,它的构成和布局也具备一般计算机的优点:把中央处理单元作为核心,在系统程序的管理下执行。对照控制对液体灌装机的设计要求:准确、稳定、易调节、抗干扰性强等优点,并依据灌装机控制对象的需求,本课题中选取的控制系统为三菱电机Q系列PLC,通常作用在中大型的控制系统。其模块不仅有较普遍的电源模块、CPU模块、输入模块、输出模块,还包括定位模块、模拟量输入模块等,根据特定需要另有调温模块、高速计数器等模块可供选用。在组装Q系列PLC能用主基板扩展基板的方式,不但能够采用增加扩展模块以及模块的安装数和能用的I/O数量,还能够扩大存储容量。这里选用的可编程逻辑控制器是Q06HCPU,通常使用在中型、中大型和大型控制系统。相比较之下Q06HCPU有着执行力强和处理快速、延迟小、内存大满足多程序中大型的系统需求。I/O模块是指输入/输出模块,它们的规格及数目根据控制系统所需的数量来决定,需要的点数越多,则I/O模块数则越多,但最大模块数及最多点数由所选取的CPU来定。系统选取的Q06HCPU,为高性能Q系列PLC CPU,它的单机最大I/O控制点数为4096点,可控制模块数可达64块,若所需的I/O控制数目更多,可选取拓展I/O模块来增添控制数目。运动控制模块是三菱PLC智能功能模块中对运动进行控制时运用较普遍的一种,它是与步进电机或伺服电机结合使用以便完成复杂的速度和定位控制。按照控制轴数的数量,运动控制模块有1轴、2轴、4轴、8轴,这样不单单完成直线控制、直线插补,还具有圆弧插补、螺旋插补、多原点回归等功能。这里选取的是能用在8轴控制的QD70P8定位模块对灌装伺服电机及换向步进电机实行速度控制。 7: .输入输出点的确定:表3.1和表3.2分别为液体灌装机输入点和输出点的分配表。步进电机的选型步进电机也是电气系统常用的执行元件,它将电脉冲转换成角位移或直线位移,驱动其它元件进行精准的定角度转动和定位移移动。一个脉冲输入时,其旋转的固定角度被定义步距角或步距。步距角是电机选型时的重要依据。电机选定后,也就决定了步距角及细分数,步距角与细分数的比值则为每输入一个脉冲时步进电机的运动量,称为脉冲当量,其决定步进电机的运动精度。步进电机的作用便是在极短时间内实现伺服泵,定角度的转动。按照设计,每次换向时,伺服泵,依据要求精确旋转120度,且不可以有累积误差。由于系统持久运行,累积误差的存在会干扰伺服泵与两个灌装头之间的位置关系,导致使整个灌装无法执行。系统选用的是常州德昌的步进电机和驱动器,DCH-30806系列驱动器采取双极恒流方式,输出电流范围为0.4A0.6A,凭借驱动器侧板7,8,9,10四位开关的不同组合来调节输出合来调节输出电流大小,共有16种电流值可供选择。通过脉冲信号输入控制步进电机的转速,驱动器侧板第5位开关可选择单脉冲模式或双脉冲模式。单脉冲模式下步进脉冲由脉冲端口接入,由方向端口的电平高低决定电机的运转方向;双脉冲模式下,驱动器从脉冲端口接收正转脉冲,从方向端口接收反转脉冲。无论是单脉冲还是双脉冲都以光藕从截止到导通作为有效接受信号。输入脱机信号时,驱动器将切断电机各相绕组电流使电机轴处于自由状态,此时步进脉冲将不能被响应。此状态可有效降低驱动器和电机的功耗和温升。脱机控制信号撤消后驱动器自动恢复到脱机前的相序并恢复电机电流。当不需要此功能时,脱机端可以悬空。脱机端悬空时,通电后电机停止运动时,步进电机轴处于制动停止状态;输入脱机信号时,通电后电机停止后,电机轴处于自由状态,可手动转动。控制时,通过QD70P8模块对步进电机的运动方向及运动速度进行设置,使电机按预定曲线进行运动。液体灌装关键技术24号灌装头在1号工位。灌装时,灌装头与瓶子一一对应进行灌装。按下启动按钮,灌装轮盘开始转动并灌装。1号工位是灌装的开始工位,9号工位为灌装停止工位,17号工位为出瓶工位。对于每个灌装头来说,它的工作流程为:1号工位开始灌装一9号工位灌装结束一17号工位出瓶。液体灌装机最大的特点是一个伺服泵对应两个灌装头的连续灌装,同一伺服泵控制的两个灌装头呈180度安装。以1号伺服泵为例,控制1号灌装头和13号灌装头,1号灌装头和13号灌装头分别执行上述的灌装一停止一出瓶动作,所以每个伺服泵的工作流程为灌液一吸液一灌液一吸液传感器的布置传感器布置图,1号为复位传感器,它的主要作用是:按下复位按钮,灌装主电机带动系统旋转,当复位传感器1检测到灌装头1转动到此位置时,PLC控制灌装主电机停止,主电机复位完成,目的是使每次开机运行之前1号灌装头都停在灌装起始位处