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目 录1 英文文献翻译21.1 英文文献原文题目21.2中文翻译112 专业阅读书目162.1 机械设计手册162.2 机械设计162.3 现代工程制图172.4 材料力学172.5 互换性与测量技术182.6 机械制造基础182.7 机械原理192.8 机电传动控制192.9 机械制造技术202.10 机械制造技术2011 英文文献翻译1.1 英文文献原文题目Progress and Prospect of research on Mechanical Engineering in ChinaIn twenty-first Century, human society faced four major problems: climate warming, resource depletion, population growth and environmental degradation. As time goes on, these problems will become more and more serious and insurmountable. People will find that ecology (the protection of the earth and the environment of human existence) may be more important than the economy. China will be the largest energy consuming country in the world. 20 years later, due to the depletion of oil and coal, the proportion of nuclear energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and hydraulic energy will increase significantly. Manufacturing in the future is still one of the main means to create wealth of human civilization and promote human progress. The manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of the national economy, and it supports the other industries to promote ecological construction and economic growth. Faced with the above major problems, the manufacturing industry and its science and technology are facing severe challenges. Because China will realize the strategic transformation from manufacturing country to manufacturing power, to achieve this strategic transfer, the key lies in the innovation of manufacturing technology and its products. The competition between manufacturing industries is, in the final analysis, the competition of science and technology. Product innovation and independent brand building are important challenges for Chinas manufacturing industry.If we can correctly recognize, predict and face these challenges, take the strategy and strategy in time, and strengthen the original innovation and independent innovation of manufacturing technology and its products, China will become a powerful manufacturing country. Chinas high-end brand products will keep pace with the United States and Japan, and Chinas manufacturing industry will stand in the forest of the world.This article is the core of the comprehensive report of the 20082009 mechanical engineering discipline (mechanical manufacturing) development report compiled by the China Association for science and technology. This paper tries to make a review of the main new views, new theories, new methods and new technologies and achievements in the field of mechanical engineering in recent years. By using Delphy investigation and research analysis, the future of the development of the subject was predicted scientifically, and the development trend of the mechanical engineering discipline in the next 510 years and even longer period was prospected, and the priority areas and important scientific and technological problems in the future development of the discipline of mechanical engineering in China were put forward. Due to the limitations of time, information and knowledge, the omission and errors in this article are welcome.The definition and scope of mechanical engineering discipline is the science of the theory, method and technology of the performance, design and manufacture of mechanical systems and products, including two fields of mechanics and manufacturing science.Mechanics is a science that studies the mechanical structure and system performance and its design theory and method, including the mechanism, transmission, dynamics, strength, tribology, design, bionics, micro mechanics and interface mechanics involved in the manufacturing process and the mechanical system.Manufacturing science is the science of manufacturing processes and systems. It covers product design, forming and manufacturing (casting, plastic forming, joint forming, mold manufacturing, surface engineering, etc.), processing and manufacturing (ultra-precision machining, efficient processing, non-traditional machining, complex surface processing,measurement and instrument, equipment design and manufacturing, surface functional structure manufacturing, micro nan manufacturing, biomimetic and raw material production). The science of the operation and management of the manufacturing system2. Review of the progress of mechanical engineering research in ChinaMechanical engineering research is an inexhaustible source of advanced manufacturing technology. The main driving force for promoting the independent development of Chinas manufacturing industry is advanced manufacturing technology. Advanced equipment for aerospace and national defense is almost entirely based on independent innovation technology. In aviation, vehicles, home appliances, microelectronics, light industry, petrochemical, construction machinery and other manufacturing industries, independent innovation technology and independent brands are also increasing.Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation, mechanical engineering research has made a series of outstanding progress and original achievements in recent years. It provides a large number of new theories, new techniques and new methods for Chinas mechanical engineering and economic construction, which has produced important effects at home and abroad, and some areas have occupied a place in the international academic circles.2.1 field of TribologyNanotribology, biotribology, tribology and interface Tribology in extreme environments are the main trends and frontiers of Tribology in recent years.Wen Shizhu and Luo Jianbin found a transition zone between dynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication, and proposed the concept of film lubrication, the invention of nano film measurement technology, and the establishment of the physical and theoretical model of film lubrication. The study of film lubrication has built a bridge between dynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication, which is considered as an important contribution to the research of lubrication by the famous expert GRANICK in the world. The National Key Laboratory of tribology has recently established the theoretical model of fast adhesion and desorption in house lizard crawling, and coupled the theory of molecular membrane gas lubrication with the effect of surface force in the relationship between the micro adhesion and the biological movement of the nano scale interface. The effect of van Edward force on the flight characteristics of the magnetic head in the motion equation of the magnetic head was found. In the study of interface drag reduction, the new theory and new technology of micro vortex, micro convex body and micro cavitation drag reduction are put forward in the study of interfacial drag reduction, which has greatly reduced the friction resistance of the surface. This technology has been successfully applied to important national projects.In view of the large number of fretting failure problems occurring in the project, Zhou Zhongrong research group discovered the theory of tangential micro mixing area, the establishment of operating conditions and the micrograph theory of materials, proposed the mechanism of composite microdynamic damage, developed and perfected the theory of microdynamic tribology, and in biological tribology, especially in the Tribological Study of natural teeth. The micro texture and the mechanism of friction and wear of the natural teeth were revealed, and the wheel rail friction study was carried out in the system. The wheel rail corrugation was found in the experiment for the first time. The formation mechanism of wheel rail corrugation was analyzed in theory and test, and an important breakthrough was made in 5.Liu Weimin and other nano solid lubrication technologies developed successfully play an important role in Chinas aerospace engineering. Due to a series of outstanding academic achievements and achievements, tribology has become one of the most influential subjects in the international academic circles.Robotics fieldThe mechanism of parallel robot is one of the hot topics and frontiers of international institutions in the past 20 years. It is also one of the most important research fields of academic influence in our country. Huang Zhen, peak and so on 6 take the helix theory, Li Qun and the set theory as mathematical tools, and put forward the general month of May 2009 ray Geni of the combination of less freedom and combined structure: the 3 nature method and the general freedom calculation formula, the main helix analytic recognition model, the first and two order motion shadows in Chinas mechanical engineering research. The coefficient of response model, as well as the performance and component scale space model. Using the above theory to synthesize dozens of new institutions, develop multidimensional force sensors, micro operation robots, and earthquake simulators, and provide important theoretical basis for the independent design of forging manipulator, servo press, electric shovel and so on.such as Huang Tian and Wang Jinsong, put forward the method of modeling less freedom and universal Jacobi matrix based on linear space theory, and a variety of performance evaluation and parameter optimization design including motion / force transmission characteristics and high quality scale domain. The kinematic calibration, trajectory planning, motion / force control and dynamic performance are conquered. Detection and other key technologies. With the above theory and key technology, a large number of engineering equipment, such as 5 axis linkage machine tool, flight simulator, flexible support equipment, high-speed packaging robot, 5 degree of freedom joint robot operation unit, are developed for 5 axis linkage, and the large hydropower impeller processing, radio telescope major scientific engineering and lithium ion battery life are developed. The production line has been successfully applied.Zong Guanghua and so on, set up a design theory of flexible parallel micro mechanism with flexibility matrix as the core, and developed a number of micro nano operation / assembly parallel flexible platform, such as Dai Jiansheng and Ding Lun Lun, revealed the topological evolution of the spatial metamorphic mechanism, and promoted the development of spatial structure. Sun Lining and other macro micro integrated flexible parallel micro motion platform based on large stroke flexure hinges are proposed. On the platform of planar 3 degree of freedom parallel compliant mechanism, Zhang Xianmin and other low coupling precision positioning mechanisms, which consider the natural frequency, maximum stress and maximum driving force, have been applied in the electronic manufacturing equipment.2.3 field of mechanical dynamics Nonlinear dynamics, fault prediction and intelligent maintenance of complex electromechanical systems are frontier research fields of mechanical dynamics.In the bifurcation study of high dimensional nonlinear systems, Chen Yushu has proposed the constraint bifurcation theory, the time variant generation systems security domain erosion theory and the nonlinear rotor system stability quantitative analysis method. The series methods and techniques of the nonlinear fault diagnosis of the rotor system are put forward to solve the vibration of more than ten generating units in China. Its a difficult problem.Wen Bangchun and so on first put forward the concept of vibration and utilization engineering in the world, and put forward the theory of probability and equal thickness sieving, vibration synchronization and control synchronization. By using the dynamic design method, dozens of engineering vibration machines have been designed and developed, and the engineering subject of vibration utilization is created. In view of the problem of rotor vibration of large unit, Qu Liangsheng and so on, put forward the concept of hologram spectrum, found the performance of the rotor balance process on the hologram spectrum, and put forward the method and technology to identify and diagnose the fault of the unit and realize the dynamic balance of the rotor holography by the hologram spectrum technology, and play an important role in the fault analysis and diagnosis of the unit. Hu Haiyan studied three kinds of typical nonlinear vibration control systems. The bifurcation mechanism and control method of the vibration control system with time delay control system dynamics and elastic constraints, the modeling and control method of the hysteretic damping vibration control system were proposed. It was evaluated and quoted by the domestic and foreign academics. The American control expert SCHA ECHTER is rated as a refreshing system approach.Zhai Wanming proposed and perfected the locomotive vehicle track system coupling dynamic model called Zhai. Sun model in the international academic circle, developed the locomotive vehicle track coupling dynamic simulation system and the safety field test evaluation system of independent intellectual property rights, and applied it to the development and design of railway locomotives in China and railway lift. In the rapid reconstruction project, great economic and social benefits have been achieved.2.4 field of mechanical transmissionHigh speed, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low pollution, high intelligence and miniaturization are the frontiers of mechanical transmission and control research in recent years. Ultrasonic motor is a new type of micro motor based on the piezoelectric effect and ultrasonic vibration. It breaks through the principle of the traditional electromagnetic effect motor. It has the advantages of large torque weight ratio, simple structure, fast response and low noise. Its research involves vibration, tribology, materials science, electronics, control and ultra precision machining. The Zhao Chunsheng research center puts forward the system theory and design method in the motion mechanism of ultrasonic motor, electromechanical coupling model, structural parameter optimization, drive and control technology, etc. More than 30 kinds of new traveling wave, standing wave ultrasonic motors and drivers have been invented and developed. Many products have been used in important projects. Professor WALLASCHEK, a famous German expert, commented that 4 is one of the most powerful research institutions in China and even the world.In the study of high speed and ultra precision motion control, Chen Xuedong first discovered and clarified the mechanism of air bearing cyclone phenomenon, proposed the calculation and control method of the support stiffness and damping of air floating gas film, and the driving system analysis and control software has been used in the development of the drive system of large-scale integrated circuit lithography machine in our country. In the middle. Aiming at the pollution problem of river and sea caused by bearing precious metal and oil as lubricant in the propulsion system of ship, a new type of composite material water lubricated seal bearing is put forward in Wangs order. The influence of load, speed, time, clearance and temperature on the friction and wear properties of water lubricated rubber bearing is revealed. A water lubricated rubber alloy bearing with multiple curved surfaces and circular arc grooves is invented. Because this kind of bearing saves a lot of precious metals and uses natural water to make oil as lubricant, it greatly reduces the pollution of river water, and has been widely used in the transmission system of ships at home and abroad.211.2中文翻译中国机械工程研究的进展与展望21 世纪人类社会主要面临四大问题：气候变暖、资源枯竭、人口增加、环境恶化。随着时间的推移，这些问题将变得越来越严峻而不可逾越。人们将会发现：生态(地球的保护和人类生存环境)可能比经济更为重要。中国将成为世界最大能源消耗国。20 年后，由于石油、煤的枯竭，核能、太阳能、地热能、风力能、水力能的利用占整体能源的比重将会大增。未来制造仍然是创造人类文明财富、促进人类进步的主要手段之一。制造业是国民经济的支柱产业，它与其他产业相互支撑而推动生态建设和经济增长。面对上述重大问题，制造业及其科学技术面临着严峻挑战。 由于中国将实现从“制造大国”向“制造强国”的战略转变，要实现此战略转移，关键在于制造技术及其产品的创新。制造业之间的竞争，说到底是科技的竞争。产品的创新和自主品牌的打造是中国制造业面临的重要挑战。 如果我们能正确认识、预测和面临这些挑战，及时采取应对战略和策略，大力加强制造科技及其产品的原始创新和自主创新，中国就可成为制造强国，中国高端品牌产品将可与美日欧并驾齐驱，中国制造业将立于世界之林。 本文是中国科协组织编著的“20082009 机械工程学科(机械制造)发展报告”中综合报告的核心内容。本文力图站在学科前沿和国家战略需求的高度，对机械工程学科近年来产生的主要新观点、新理论、新方法和新技术进展及成果进行评述。采用德尔菲调查和研究分析，对学科发展未来进行了科学预测，展望了今后 510 年，甚至更长时期机械工程学科的发展趋势，提出我国机械工程学科未来发展的优先领域、重要科技问题。由于时间、信息和知识的局限，文中存在的遗漏和错误之处，欢迎指正。 1 机械工程学科的定义和范围 机械工程学科是研究机械系统和产品的性能、设计及制造的理论、方法和技术的科学，包括机械学和制造科学两大领域。机械学是研究机械结构和系统性能及其设计理论与方法的科学，包括制造过程及机械系统所涉及的机构学、传动学、动力学、强度学、摩擦学、设计学、仿生机械学、微纳机械学及界面机械学等。制造科学是研究制造过程及其系统的科学。它涵盖产品设计、成形制造(铸造成形、塑性成形、连接成形、模具制造、表面工程等)、加工制造(超精密加工、高效加工、非传统加工、复杂曲面加工、测量及仪器、装备设计及制造、表面功能结构制造、微纳制造、仿生和生物制造)和制造系统运作管理等科学3。 2 我国机械工程研究进展综述 机械工程研究是先进制造技术的不竭源泉。推动我国制造业自主发展的主要驱动力是先进制造技术，航天和国防先进装备几乎完全立足于自主创新技术。在航空、车辆、家电、微电子、轻工业、石化、工程机械等制造业，自主创新的技术和自主品牌也越来越多。在国家自然科学基金等的资助下，机械工程研究近年来取得了一系列突出进展和原创性成果，为我国机械工程和经济建设提供了大批新理论、新技术和新方法，在国内外产生了重要影响，有的领域已在国际学术界占有一席之地。 2.1 摩擦学领域 纳米摩擦学、生物摩擦学、极端环境下的摩擦学和界面摩擦学是近年来摩擦学的主要发展趋势和前沿。 温诗铸、雒建斌等发现在动力润滑和边界润滑之间存在一个过渡区，提出了薄膜润滑的概念、发明了纳米薄膜测量技术、建立了薄膜润滑的物理和理论模型。薄膜润滑研究架起了动力润滑和边界润滑之间的桥梁，被国际上著名专家 GRANICK 等评价为“是对润滑研究的一个重要贡献”。摩擦学国家重点实验室近来又在纳米尺度界面微观粘着摩擦与生物运动的关系中，建立了壁虎爬行中快速粘附和脱附理论模型；将分子膜气体润滑理论与表面力作用相耦合，发现了磁头运动方程中范德华力对磁头飞行特性的影响规律，使磁头滑块的承载能力和俯仰转矩明显减小，改善了磁头飞行运动的稳定性；在界面减阻研究中，提出了微旋涡、微凸体、微空泡减阻新理论及新技术，大幅度降低了表面摩擦阻力，该技术已经成功用于国家重要工程中4。 周仲荣研究群体针对工程中出现的大量微动失效问题，发现了切向微动混合区域、建立了运行工况和材料的微动图理论，提出了复合微动损伤机制，发展和完善了微动摩擦学理论；在生物摩擦学，特别在自然牙的摩擦学研究中，揭示了自然牙的微观织构及其摩擦磨损机制；结合高速铁路中的轮轨关系问题，系统开展了轮轨摩擦学研究，首次在试验中发现了轮轨波磨现象，从理论和试验上深入分析了轮轨波磨的形成机制，取得了重要突破5。 刘维民等将研制成功的纳米固体润滑技术用于我国航空航天工程，发挥了重要作用。由于上述一系列突出的学术进展和成就，摩擦学成为我国机械工程学科在国际学术界最具影响的学科之一。 2.2 机器人机构学领域 并联机器人机构学是近 20 年来国际机构学的研究热点和学科前沿，也是我国学者在国际上具有重要学术影响的研究领域之一。 黄真、高峰等6以螺旋理论、李群、集合论等为数学工具，提出少自由度并联机结构综合的普适月 2009 年 5月雷源忠：我国机械工程研究进展与展望 3 性方法和通用自由度计算公式，主螺旋解析识别模型，一阶和二阶运动影响系数模型，以及性能与构件尺度空间模型。利用上述理论综合出数十种新机构，开发出多维力传感器、微操作机器人、地震模拟器，并为锻造操作机、伺服压机、电铲等装备的自主设计提供了重要的理论依据。黄田、汪劲松等7提出基于线性空间理论的少自由度并联机构雅可比矩阵普适性建模方法，及包括运动/力传递特性和优质尺度域在内的多种性能评价与参数优化设计方法，攻克了运动学标定，轨迹规划、运动/力控制，动态性能检测等关键技术。利用上述理论和关键技术，开发出 5 轴联动大型龙门混联机床、飞行模拟器、柔性支撑装备、高速包装机器人、5 自由度混联机器人作业单元等多种工程化装备，并在大型水电叶轮加工、射电望远镜重大科学工程、锂离子电池生产线中得到成功应用。 宗光华等建立了一套以柔度矩阵为核心的全柔性并联精微机构设计理论，开发出若干微纳操作/装配并联柔性微动平台。戴建生、丁希仑等8揭示了空间变胞机构中拓扑演变规律，推动了空间结构学的发展。孙立宁等提出基于大行程柔性铰链的宏微一体化柔性并联微动平台。张宪民等以平面 3 自由度并联柔顺机构为平台，提出了综合考虑固有频率、最大应力、最大驱动力等在内的低耦合精密定位机构，并在电子制造装备中得到应用。2.3 机械动力学领域 非线性动力学、复杂机电系统的故障预示和智能维护是机械动力学的前沿研究领域。陈予恕等在高维非线性系统的分叉研究中，提出了约束分叉理论、时变产生系统的安全域侵蚀理论、非线性转子系统的稳定性量化分析方法，提出了转子系统非线性故障诊断的系列方法和技术，解决了国内十几个发电机组的振动疑难问题。闻邦椿等在国际上率先提出振动利用工程的概念，提出了概率等厚筛分理论、振动同步和控制同步理论，采用动态设计方法，设计研制了数十种工程振动机械，创建了振动利用工程学科。 屈梁生等针对大型机组转子振动难题，提出了全息谱的概念、发现了转子平衡过程在全息谱上的表现，提出了用全息谱技术识别和诊断机组故障、实现转子全息动平衡的方法和技术，在机组故障分析诊断中发挥了重要作用。 胡海岩研究了三类典型的非线性振动控制系统，提出了含时滞控制系统动力学、含弹性约束的振动控制系统分叉机理和控制方法、含迟滞阻尼振动控制系统的建模和控制方法，被国内外学术界多次评价和引用，美国控制专家 SCHAECHTER 评价为“耳目一新的系统方法”。翟婉明提出并完善了被国际学术界称为翟.孙模型的“机车车辆轨道系统耦合动力学模型”，研制了自主知识产权的机车车辆轨道耦合动力学仿真系统和安全性现场测试评估体系，并应用于我国铁路机车的开发设计和铁路提速改造工程中，取得了重大的经济和社会效益3。2.4 机械传动学科领域 高速、高效、低能耗、低污染、高智能、微型化是近年来机械传动和控制研究的前沿。 超声电机是基于压电效应和超声振动的一种新型微电机，它突破了传统电磁效应电机原理，具有力矩重量比大、结构简单、响应快、噪声低等优点。其研究涉及振动学、摩擦学、材料学、电子学、控制和超精密加工多个学科领域。赵淳生研究中心在超声电机运动机理、机电耦合模型、结构参数优化、驱动与控制技术等方面提出了系统的理论和设计方法。发明和研制了 30 多种独具特色的新型行波、驻波超声电机以及驱动器，不少产品已用于重要工程中。德国著名专家 WALLASCHEK 教授评价：“是中国乃至世界最具实力的研究机构之 一”。陈学东在高速超精密运动控制研究中，率先发现并阐明了气浮轴承气旋现象产生的机理，提出了气浮气膜的支撑刚度和阻尼的计算和控制方法，提出的驱动系统分析控制软件已经用于我国大规模集成电路光刻机驱动系统的研制中。 针对船舶推进系统中轴承使用贵重金属、以及用油做润滑剂造成河海污染问题，王家序等提出了一种新型复合材料水润滑动密封轴承，揭示了载荷、速度、时间、间隙、温度等因素对水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响规律，发明了具有多曲面与直线圆弧凹槽有机组合的水润滑橡胶合金轴承。由于这种轴承节省了大量贵金属、以自然水代油做润滑剂大大减少了对河海水的污染，在国内外船舶等传动系统中得到广泛应用。2 专业阅读书目2.1 机械设计手册内容摘要：本书全面系统地介绍了常规设计、机电一体化与控制技术和现代设计方法及其应用等内容。具有内容先进、信息量大、取材广、规格全，实用性强，数据可靠，使用方便等特点。全书分6卷52篇，内容有：常用设计资料、机械零部件设计（连接、紧固与传动）、机械零部件设计（轴系、支承与其他）、流体传动与控制、机电一体化及控制技术、现代设计理论与方法等。本卷为第1卷，主要内容有：常用资料、常用数学公式和常用力学公式、机械工程材料、零部件设计常用基础标准、零件结构设计工艺性等。本书供从事机械设计、制造、维修及有关工程技术人员作为工具书使用，也可供大专院校的有关专业师生使用和参考。（徐灏等.机械设计手册M. 北京：机械工业出版社，2013）2.2 机械设计内容摘要：机械设计（machine design），根据用户的使用要求对专用机械的工作原理、结构、运动方式、力和能量的传递方式、各个零件的材料和形状尺寸、润滑方法等进行构思、分析和计算并。机械设计，将其转化为具体的描述以作为制造依据的工作过程。 机械设计是机械工程的重要组成部分，是机械生产的第一步，是决定机械性能的最主要的因素。机械设计的努力目标是：在各种限定的条件(如材料、加工能力、理论知识和计算手段等)下设计出最好的机械，即做出优化设计。优化设计需要综合地考虑许多要求，一般有：最好工作性能、最低制造成本、最小尺寸和重量、使用中最可靠性、最低消耗和最少环境污染。这些要求常是互相矛盾的，而且它们之间的相对重要性因机械种类和用途的不同而异。设计者的任务是按具体情况权衡轻重，统筹兼顾，使设计的机械有最优的综合技术经济效果。过去，设计的优化主要依靠设计者的知识、经验和远见。随着机械工程基础理论和价值工程、系统分析等新学科的发展，制造和使用的技术经济数据资料的积累,以及计算机的推广应用,优化逐渐舍弃主观判断而依靠科学计算。（王为，旺建晓. 机械设计M . 武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2007.）2.3 现代工程制图内容摘要：本书是全国教育科学“十五”规划教育部重点课题的研究成果，是根据教育部2005年制定的“普通高等院校工程图学课程教学基本要求”，并总结作者多年来教学改革的经验编写而成的，是2007年江苏省高等学校立项精品教材。 全书共10章，主要内容包括制图基本知识、正投影法基础、立体的投影、组合体的视图、轴测图、机件常用表达方法、标准零件与常用零件、零件图、装配图、计算机绘图。与本书配套的现代工程图学习题集同时由清华大学出版社出版。 本书融现代工程图学与计算机绘图的内容于一体，融传统教学手段和现代教学手段于一体，融汉语、英语和德语教学于一体。本书突出应用型特色，注重立体构形能力、图视思维表达能力、自主学习能力和专业外语交流能力的培养。（赵大兴，高成慧，赵成刚. 现代工程图学M . 武汉：湖北科学技术出版社，2006.）2.4 材料力学内容摘要：刘鸿文 浙江大学教授。长期从事固体力学教学工作。曾任教育部教材编审委员会委员，国家教委(教育部)工科力学课程教学指导委员会主任委员兼材料力学课程教学指导组组长。1989年被授予全国优秀教师。1991年起享受政府特殊津贴。杭州市第六届人大代表，浙江省第四届政协常委，全国政协第六、七、八届委员。全书分I、两册，共分18章。第1册包含了材料力学课程中的基本内容，内容包括：绪论，拉伸、压缩与剪切，扭转，弯曲内力，弯曲应力，弯曲变形，应力和应变分析，强度理论，组合变形，压杆稳定，动载荷，交变应力，平面图形的几何性质等。第册包含了材料力学课程较深入的内容，内容包括：弯曲的几个补充问题，能量方