动词分类(瞬间动词 延续性动词).doc

英语动词分类记忆I主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以：主谓结构。agree disagree quarrel shout cry laugh wait remain sleep rest head exist live danceII. 延续动词与瞬间动词表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成, 瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。主要常用瞬间动词arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw III.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于：主谓宾；主谓双宾主谓宾宾补结构.accept receive earn gain lose miss pack fold load achieve admit afford declare announce review advice allow ask check direct employ expect forbid force forgive guide hire excuse need notice let like persuade permit promise want wish IV. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变continue begin start advance attend aim awake blow bathe insist interrupt read write roll paint ride report seek root shop face feed hurt gather end clap trade study turn win smoke wash stop try suffer sell shine set sew pay mind join fit float drop delight develop believe divide forget speak eat drown boil bend breathe burn burst climb collect delay double dress fly hide lead land learn inch lack meet measure sing mix open organize marry race record drink spread smooth slow recover ride row improvecall clear shut sink fear teach share help cook break compare crowd rememberV. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。escape part operate reach run rush return search settle shoot strike speed stamp play ring hang smell get manage regret draw beat light drive match leave move last stand fail succeed shake knock weigh stickV.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+ V+ adv。如，Books of this kind sells well。Your pen writes smoothly。 Your composition reads well。sell read write wear keep draw cut tear act lock rent wash break cook clean open work out VI常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。如，Heavy losses were suffered by them。（错）。They suffered heavy losses。（对）have fit lack suit hold cost suffer last become stand belong to depend on happen take place break out turn out VII英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如，The meeting begins at 1：30 in the afternoon。 Ive won a holiday for two to Florida。I am taking my mum。come go leave start drive move begin take fall arrive return set off land fly VIII英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图。如， They had wanted to help but couldnt afford any time。-Why havent you bought any butter?-I meant to but I forgot about it.hope expect mean intend suppose want think IX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词，这类动词之后可接so或not 代替从句。如，I dont think they have made their minds，havent they？Is your brother going with you? I think not .或I dont think so.think believe expect imagine suppose fancy 注意：hope guess fear fancy 不能否定转移，只能说 I guess not 而不能说I dont guess so 。X. 常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。want wish hope expect would like/love care choose learn desire long plan prepare mean design agree promise offer refuse ask beg demand intend decide determine make up ones mind tend bother trouble manage try attempt afford pretend aim try ones best have no choice but 注意：动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell discoverdiscuss askPlease show us how to do that.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.XI. 常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。 即，动词+宾语+ (to do)command compel consider declaredrive enableencourage find forbid forceguess hireimagineinduce inform instructinvite judge know like orderpermitpersuade remind report requestrequireselect send state supposetell think traintrust understandurge warn例句： a.Father will not allow us to play on the street. b.We believe him to be guilty.注意： promise know hope demand 常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let, have, make see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, findXII动词及短语后加doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmitappreciateavoidcomplete considerdelaydeny endureenjoyescapeprevent fancyfinish imagine mind missadmit to prefertobe used tolead todevote oneself toobject tostick tobe busy look forward toto为介词）no good, no use, be worthgive up cant help,Its no use /good be tired of feel like be fond of be proud of think of / aboutput off keep on insist oncount on / upon set about be successful in good at take upburst out prevent from举例 (1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.注意：动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12 组： 1stop to dostop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3remember to doremember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5be used to do be used to doing 6 try to dotry doing 7go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9interested to dointerested doing 10 mean to do mean doing11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing12 cant help to do cant help doing X表示据说或相信 的词组believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that务必记住的是例句：It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。Robert is said to have stu