headline.doc

Headline ：is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article below it. A headlines purpose is to quickly and briefly draw attention to the story.Method One: Preference of short words(synonyms of all work 万能同义词)Method two: wide use of shortened wordsMethod Three: Omission(省略) of wordsLanguage Features of a headline Attractiveness Brevity ClarityPart One: Lexical features(词汇特征)Use of short words, abbreviations and acronyms, and sometimes omission of wordsMethod One: Preference of short words(synonyms of all work 万能同义词)Eg：Allowance to be cut in 200，000 families (政府削减津贴波及二十万家庭)Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚 Jails Jews Escaping to Israel (逃往以色列未果，埃犹太人陷囹)Reshuffle axes Frances cabinet(法国政府改组，阁员人数锐减)Short verbs1. Aid2. Air3. Alter4. Assail5. Axe6. Ban7. Bar8. Bare9. Blast10. Bid11. Curb12. Ease13. Grip14. Opt15. Plot16. Pledge17. Plunge18. Probe 19. Slay20. TrimAid=help, assist 帮助，援助Air=publicize, express 公开，表达Alter=change 改变Assail=denounce 谴责Axe=dismiss, reduce 解雇，减少Ban=prohibit, forbid 禁止Bar=prevent 阻止，防止Bare=expose reveal, disclose暴露，揭露，透露Blast=explode 爆炸Bid=attempt 努力Curb=control, restrict 控制，限制Ease=lessen, alleviate 减轻，缓和Grip=seize 抓住，控制Opt=choose 选择Plot=conspire 预谋，策划Pledge=determine 发誓Plunge=plummet（价格等暴跌）Probe=investigate 调查Slay=murder 谋杀Trim=reduce 削减Short nounsAccord=agreementAide=assistantAim=purposeKey=essential, vitalRise=increaseRally=mass assemblyPact=treaty, contract, agreementCambodia Sharp Refgugee Rise Worries Thailand 柬难民激增，泰政府焦虑Bushs Japan Visit off, Arms Issue Hot 军备问题争论激烈，布什取消访日之行1. Clash2. Crash3. Deal4. Foe5. PulloutClash=dispute, controversy 分歧，争议Crash=collision 碰撞，坠毁Deal=agreement, transation 协议，交易Foe=opponent, enemy 对手，敌人Pullout=withdrawal 撤退，撤离Method two: wide use of shortened wordsinitials and acronyms1 Names of organizationNPC=the National Peoples Congress 全国人民代表大会CPPCC=the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议EU= the European UnionUNESCO=the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationIMF=the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织OPEC= the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织2 Names of profession, titleMP=member of parliament 议员PM=Prime Minister 总理DM=Defense Minister国防部长GM=general manager 总经理 Clipping (截头去尾) Grad-graduate Hosp-hospital Advertistics-advertising statistics 广告统计学 Autocide-automobile suicide Cig-cigarette Intl-international Eg: Shenzhen SEZ to hsot intl trade meeting 深圳经济特区将举办国际贸易会议1 Biz2 Celeb 3 Champ 4 Homo5 Info6 Lav7 Mag8 Memo9 Van10 Vet 1 Biz=business2 Celeb=celebrity 名人，名流 3 Champ=champion 冠军4 Homo=homosexual5 Info=information6 Lav=lavatory 厕所7 Mag=magazine8 Memo=memorandum 备忘录9 Van=vanguard 先锋10 Vet=veteran 有经验的，资深的Method Three: Omission(省略) of wordsHeadlines generally leave out certain words, esp. articles, personal pronouns, this, that and to be. The word “and” is often replaced by a comma。37 killed in Italian Plane Crash 意一飞机坠毁，37人遇难Laurel， Aquino Cut Ties 老雷尔（菲律宾前副总统）与阿基诺夫人（前总统）分道扬镳Mother， Daughter Share Fulbright Year （a mother and her daughter）母女同享福布莱特访学年Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader 党的领导人说：改革一定要讲政治Financier killed by Burglars 盗贼也行窃，经融家遇害Moscows Food Prices Soaring 莫斯科食品价格暴涨Combat on the Web 网络之战TB on the Rise Again in London 伦敦地区结核病“卷土重来”Grammatical features1. Use of heavily modified nominal groups Eg: a dyke, which is 200 meters long, has been built for the prevention of flood.200-metre-long flood prevention dyke built The West-to-East Gas Transmitting Project is beneficial to both the west and the east regions of China.2. Tense1） Use of simple present tense（journalistic present tense新闻现在时）: to describe sth happening in the present or in past. The tense is used to save space and increase freshness 新鲜感reality现实感 and immediacy直接感.Eg：Heavy Rain Lashed City / Heavy Rain Lashes City2） Use of the present progressive tense : to describe sth that is developing and the auxiliary is often omitted. Eg: Thames approaching danger level.Deposits, Loans Rising in HK 香港储蓄与贷款额上升3） Use of the infinitive to refer to the future Eg：Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov. 3. Use of the passive constructionsVoices.Active voice is generally used in headlines, because rhetorically it makes headlines more colorful and appealing. Passive constructions are also sometimes used in headline to draw readers attention, however the auxiliary is omitted and only the past participle is left. Eg: Journalist Fired in Spy Debate 涉嫌间谍案纠纷，一记者被炒鱿鱼PunctuationsThe purpose of using punctuations in headlines is to draw readers attention. The frequently used punctuations are: comma, semi-comma, question marks, quotation marks, and so on, and full stops are seldom used.Comma=and.A dash is used after a quote, which has not quotation marks, to introduce the addresser.Eg: Little ant-US feeling-diplomat(= A diplomat says that there is little anti-US feeling)A colon is used before a quote, meaning “say” or replacing ”be ”Koreans: Grumpy(angry) toward AmericaRhetorical features: to achieve vividness and humor and to entice(persuade)and appeal more readers, various rhetorical devices are employed in headlines. 1. Alliteration: the effect produced by using a series of words that begin with the same letter or sound.Bye, bye balanced budgetRound rocks runs riverSuper Sam sparkles2. Rhyme(the sameness of sound between words or syllables)An eye high in the skyWhos near to Clintons earBye, Bye American pie3. Metaphor(use of a word or phrase to indicate something different from the literal meaning1. Carlo Ponti in hot water again (in trouble)2. Refugees in dire straits (in serious danger)3. “Down in the mouth” news for dentist(sad)4. Union call to strike falls on deaf ears(fail to win acceptance)4. pun (a humorous use of a word that has two meanings or of different words that sounds the same.Men recommended more clubs for wivesThe Sun sets for last time.(a British newspaper)Man reigns over UNs Queen(name of a ship)5. Euphemism Euphemism is the use of a more pleasant, less direct name for something considered to be unpleasant.Atom bomb put quantites of people to restPanda to breathe his lastPeople mourn departed king6. Antithesis Antithesis is the use of contrastive words or ideas arranged in a balanced structure for emphasis.Give me liberty, or give me death.Tokyo closes, London opensA military smash but a moral fizzleWhen stains get deepin Ultra Tide gets them clean out.(ad for a kind of washing powder)7. ParodyParody changes the form of some words in some allusions, proverbs, famous sayings, etc, to produce a surprising and humorous effect.1. A tale fo two hearts (from A tale of Two Cities)2. Liberty is the true mother of invention (from Necessity is the mother of inverntion)3. Crying over unsold milk.(Crying over spilt milk)4. A skill is not acquired in a day. ( from Rome was not built in a day)Exercise Write suitable headines for the followingAs the country moves into a new phase of economic reform, environmental problems have become a top concern for both the Chinese people and the government, both fo whom are striving to control the growing sources of urban and industrial pollution, said a leading environmental official.Environmental Problem the Top Concern, Said Environmental OfficialNobody doubts that there will be a “War” between Chinese banks and their foreign counterparts. For Chinese banks, it is mostly defensive. Industry insiders have said that the banking industry will suffer its hardest blow after the countrys accession into the World Trade Organization“War” between Chinese and Foreign Banks after Chinas Accession into WTOThe ministry of Information Industry estimated that 1 trillion Yuan will be invested in the information technology(IT)industry over the next five years, with an aim to turn the IT industry into a strateg