医疗垃圾处理破碎破碎机构的结构设计【4张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

目录

第1章 前言·········································································1

第2章 总体设计···································································9

 2.1 概述············································································9

 2.2 设计任务   ·································································10

 2.3 设计目的·····································································10

 2.4 总体结构形式································································11

 2.5 破碎机的工作机构设计·····················································.13

 2.6 传动系统组成································································15

第3章 轴及组件计算···························································18

 3.1 齿轮的计算· ·······························································18

 3.2 轴的设计与校核计算计算··· ··············································23

 3.3 键的选择与计算·····························································29

3.4轴承校核计算  · ···························································30

3.5公差配合······································································31

3.6进料口设计···································································32

 3.7 工作舱的设计·······························································32

3.8出料口设计···································································33

 第4章 毕业设计小节·······················································33

参考文献············································································35

第1章 前言

1.1医疗垃圾处理设备的目的和意义

医疗垃圾废物是指医疗卫生机构在医疗过程中产生的直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物，包括手术、包扎、生物培养、化验检验的残余物，传染病人产生的生活垃圾、一次性注射器等。

医疗垃圾的危害性十分可怕，污染环境，危害人类健康。

污染环境方面，医疗垃圾对大气、地下水、地表水、土壤等均有污染作用。垃圾露天堆放，造成大量氨气、硫化物等有害气体的释放，严重污染大气，其中垃圾分解散发的多氯联苯、二恶英等，均是致癌物。 　　医疗垃圾携带的病原体、重金属和有机污染物经雨水和生物水解产生的渗滤液作用，可对地表水和地下水造成严重污染。垃圾渗滤液中的重金属在降雨的淋溶冲刷作用下进入土壤，导致土壤重金属累积和污染。对医疗垃圾处理不当还可对环境造成二次污染。

医疗垃圾还严重危害人体健康，医疗垃圾中有许多致病微生物，又往往是蚊、蝇、蟑螂和老鼠的繁殖地。这些病菌可以通过在垃圾中生活的生物，转移给人类。医疗垃圾中还可能存在化学污染物及放射性等有害物质，具有极大的危险性。若对直接暴露于医疗垃圾的从业人员的管理与培训不是很严格，可能还会造成更多的危害。有些人将大量病人使用过的输液器、塑料便盆等卖给塑料加工厂生产生活日用品，并进入超市卖掉。药贩廉价收购百姓手中的过期药品，经过修改批号、重新包装后，再次出手牟利。有人将使用过的一次性医疗器具私下卖给个体商贩，加工包装后卖给一些个体诊所再次使用。因医疗垃圾回流社会再次使用，废弃一次性医疗用品已成了艾滋病传播的第四条途径。

当今社会对于环境保护的要求日益增加，而医疗垃圾作为一种极其危险的环境污染种类，对其合理的处理也显的十分重要。

1.2医疗垃圾的处理方法

用于处理医疗垃圾已有多种技术，根据处理原理不同，一般可分为灭菌消毒法、焚烧法、等离子体法、热解法和卫生填埋法等。

1.2.1灭菌消毒

  灭菌消毒处理方法较多，可采取高温高压蒸汽灭菌法、化学消毒法、微波消毒法等。灭菌消毒法主要是通过高温、高压、化学试剂、一定频率或波长的微波等技术，破坏微生物及病毒的生存环境，降低医疗垃圾对人体健康及环境危害的程度。灭菌消毒法需针对不同的医疗垃圾选择不同的灭菌方法，其灭菌效果限制因素较多，由于医疗垃圾的种类繁多且差异性大，因此有可能无法达到最佳的灭菌效果。而且垃圾的体积和外观不会发生明显改变，一般条件下可用于焚烧前的预处理，在某些情况下也可以作为最终填埋处置前的处理手段。