持续性动词和瞬间动词.doc

持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬间性动词begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如：He has studied English for three years.（他学英语已有3年了。）He has joined the Party.（他已入党了。）Mum isnt at home. She has gone to the library.（妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。）2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母从1950年起就住在上海了。）3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用has left初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe（2）用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）The film has been on for five minutes.Its five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）Exercises一、根据所给的词组，把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词arrive at/in get to/reach come/go/move to be in ./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 2) I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _. 3) I went home yesterday. I _ _ _ home for _ _. 4) They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be back come/go out be out 1) He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave be away from . ； finish/end be over；fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； marry be married； 1) I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 2) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _. 4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wear ； catch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know 1) They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ for two years. He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years. He _ _ _ the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _ _ a _ for _ _. My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years. 二、瞬间动词、延续性动词转换：1. Thefilmbegan10minutesago._2, Igotacoldtwodaysago._3, Thefilmfinished5minutesago._4, Themancameheretenminutesago._5, LindaandFrankmarriedin1989._6, Mygrandpadiedtenyearsago._7, Iborrowedabook5daysago._8, Thesnakefellasleeptendaysago._9, Myparentswentoutaweekago._10,