辽宁省铁岭市高考英语 阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（11）.doc

辽宁铁岭市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（11）及答案 在复习这一部分内容时首先要了解高考对阅读理解题的要求，由于江苏省高考是单独命题，所以既要关心英语课程标准又要参照江苏省普通高中英语课程教学要求（09年修订）和考试院对英语高考的具体说明。英语课程标准八级（普通高中毕业要求）在语言技能部分对“读”的目标描述是：能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；能识别不同文体的特征； 3. 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；4. 能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；5. 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；6. 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。 （排列次序应与课标相同）高考对阅读理解的要求 （建议改为：江苏省考试院英语高考有关说明：） 要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。考生应能：理解主旨大意； 寻找具体信息； 3. 识别不同文体特征；4. 根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义； 5. 作出简单的判断和推理；6. 理解文章的基本逻辑结构； 7. 把握作者的意图和态度；8. 理解文章的文化信息。 （注意具体文字和排列次序应与省高考说明相同，请核对一下。）专题一 事实细节【专题一 事实细节】一、题型特点与解题技巧尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换等来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：when / where did the story happen?which of the following statements is (not) correct?which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?which is the right order of the events given in the passage?all the statements are true except 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。【专题一 事实细节】二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考 生制造障碍。3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1.将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2.把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已 发生的事情。 3.无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4.偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会 误选。5.文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节， 这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(e=ab, f=ac, g=ad)while it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided 71 72 when you are nervous，angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activityrunning, walking, playing tennis, and working in your garden are just some of the activities you might trytake care of yourself 73 if you easily get angry and cant sleep well enough, or if youre not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situationsif stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctormake time for yourselfschedule time for both work and entertainmentdont forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work 74 go window-shopping or work on a hobbyallow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy 75 stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “theres so much to do, and not enough time”trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anythinginstead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completedset out to do the most important task firstado whatever you like and want to dobyou should make every effort to eat well and get enough restcmake a list of things to dodtry physical activityeyou need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have funfyou could smile to yourself in front of a mirror every daygthe following are suggestions for ways to deal with stress【参考答案】【解题导语】本文告诉我们一些日常生活减压的技巧。71【答案】g【解析】本文是总分结构，后文是各种减压方法，所以选g。72【答案】d【解析】本段的running, walking, playing tennis都是体育锻炼。73【答案】b【解析】本段的中心话题是照顾好自己，所以吃好睡好是照顾好自己的表现。74【答案】e【解析】本段围绕的话题是留给自己一些时间，所以休息是最符合这一主题的。75【答案】c【解析】这里的theres so much to do, and not enough time及make a list of everything you have to do暗示了答案。*结束任务型阅读-【备考建议】1.注重词汇和语法的记忆和运用许多考生最大的障碍就是词汇。重视词汇不仅要大量背生词，而且要注重“猜词”能力的培养，善于运用构词法来扩充词汇。不仅要求在单词量上有突破，而且要把高频词学到位. 2.加强阅读训练 阅读是一个语言知识输入的过程，同时也是文化体验的过程。平时在阅读训练当中既要注重文章细节理解，也要注重文章主旨理解，更要注重文脉逻辑的理解。【经典导引】（2011安徽）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。if we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. so, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. here is what our school should teach.politeness is a mark of civilization. the sooner children learn this, the better. in any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. so our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.were likely no accept something we are told, but thats not what educated people do. educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. if our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical（批判性的）thinking.children should learn to take care of their health. they should know that if they eat junk food（垃圾食品）, they will become fat and unhealthy. they should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.all of us are part of society. we have rights and responsibilities. we ought to understand what they are. we have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.how will we test students on these? we cant. but thats not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: ”this is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”titlevery useful(1)_introductioneducation should be a (2) for life.adviceimportant things should be taught in (3) .teaching(4)_how to behave(5)_the basic skill of(6) moneyhow to(7) _ in a critical wayhow to keep(8)_the rights and responsibilities one has in (9) conclusionchildren should be taught what(10) is and how to deal with it.参考答案-【经典导引】1. teaching/ education/ schooling 2. preparation 3. school(s) 4. content(s)/ content(s)/ subjects/ subjects/ topics/ topics 5. politely/ properly/ well 6. managing 7. think 8. healthy/ fit 9. society 10. life *结束任务型阅读（3）及答案1请认真阅读下列短文，并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格。注意：补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求，每空只填一个单词。 when it comes to the world of computers, green computing is becoming one of the most popular trends. but, what is exactly is green computing? the term “green computing” is one that is being used in many different markets and areas all over the world in todays global technology. yet, many computer users out there arent sure what it means. green computing is actually pretty easy to explain and to do-it is basically learning to use computer resources more efficiently to help the environment as well as making energy savings. the main goal of a green computing program is to reduce the use of energy and materials that harm the environment. green computing helps to promote the use of biodegradable products and recycle computer parts whenever possible. green computing started as early as 1992, when the epa created energy star, which is a voluntary labeling program that promotes energy efficient computing equipment and technologies. it was because of this program that many computer manufacturers launched sleep mode and millions of computer users around the world began to adopt this policy to help save energy when they were not using their computers. the term “green computing” began to be used around the same time as well, and began to become a goal that more companies strive to meet over the years. there are several government agencies that have continued to help strive for better standards for computers and companies to help promote green promoting. energy star was actually revised in october of 2006 to make the requirements stricter for computers，and also implemented a ranking system for products. because of these new requirements, there are over 20 states that have now established a special recycling program for old computers and electronics to help with green computing. many of todays it systems are beginning to rely on both people and hardware to help push their computer systems toward a more green computing system to help both the company and others. this is a hard balance to achieve, as it has to satisfy users, management, and regulatory compliance(顺从). even the disposal of computer waste is all managed so that everyone in the circle is happy with the outcome. many companies are learning the best ways that they call go greener when it comes to their computing and also help their business in the process. while many home computer users may not be quite as familiar with green computing as large firms, this term is starting to become more mainstream all around the world and the requirements for new, better computers to help both the companies and the end users of the equipment, as well as our environment, are becoming more and more urgent. green computing(71)_learning to make (72)_ use of computer resources so as to save energy and protect the environment. main goal to re