复合句——状语从句.doc

状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。 从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once,the moment, immediately, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, by the time, every time, last time等引导。*when, as, while （从属连词） when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walkedWhile：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在 期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.当when, as, while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如： While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.*when 可表示“如果”。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help_ it is needed. A. Unless B. since C. although D. when当When和while为并列连词，while表示对照的意思。When 表示“这时，突然”1) I do every single bit of housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as2) He was about to tell me the secret_ some one patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when*till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back.例：We were told that we should follow the main road _until_we reached the central railway station. 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到才”。如：I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：（倒装）Until he returns, nothing can be done.Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(NMET95)A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize其他引导词例句：By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.*as soon as, hardlywhenno soonerthan区别 这三个短语都有“一就”、“刚刚就”的意思，它们的意思非常相近，因此有时可以互换。例如：“我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。”一句，就可以有如下几句译法：As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started. 但他们之间也有一些差异，例如，如果从两件事情的间隔时间来说，as soon as 较长，no sooner.than 居中，hardly.when 间隔时间最短。其它的一些区别见下面，请大家在运用的时候要留意。 1、as soon as它的意思相当于“A事情发生以后，就做B这件事”。在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：2、no soonerthan它的意思相当于“刚做完A这件事，就做B这件事”。例如：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.他一回来就买了一套房子。如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒装结构。例如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。有一点要注意，no soonerthan 一般用来描述做过的事情，它不能用于表示将来的事。3、hardlywhen.它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完A这件事，紧接着就开始B这件事。”使用这个短语时，一般用于过去完成时；并且when有时可改用before。例如：He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他刚写完文，灯就熄了。He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.他还未安顿下来，就卖掉了那所房子。另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。如：Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.我刚吃完他就进来了。Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她还没走出家门，就有一个学生来看望她。2地点 一般有where或wherever引导例句：Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents.Where there is a will, there is a way.3、原因状语从句 一般由because, as, since, now that引导注意： 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如： It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. because可以引导表语从句,而 as, since不可以，这时状语一 般都是it, this, thatIts because he is too lazy.而不能用Its as . for也表示“因为”，但是并列 连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。It must be morning,for the birds are singing.4目的状从 通常由that, so that, in order that, sothat, lest, in case（以防、免得）等引导：He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.I told him the truth so that he can aviod being cheating.5结果状从 由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引导It was very cold, so that the river froze.There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in.He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.Such和so的区别：略1) John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones. A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that2) The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though3) The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. A. if B. unless C. whether D. that4) _you can call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre.A. Though B. Whether C. until D. Unless5) You will succeed in the end_ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless6) _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While7) - How far apart do they live? - _ I know, they live in the same neighborhood. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as8) _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if6、条件：由 if, unless, so/as long as (只要), so/as far as, in case (that) (如果，万一)等引导：If plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases. Unless you work hard, you will failYou can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven.In case I forget, please remind me about that.As far as I can tell , the whole thing should cost about $500. （只要）As far as 就。而言 as long as 远达 例：7、方式状从as, as if, as though引导：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.（保持原样）He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. *as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk. 8、比较状从 由连词asas, not so(as) as, than等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.He cant run so fast as she.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如： The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.9、让步状从 由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引导.1) Though he is old, yet he is active.2) Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted.3) We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.4) Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.5) Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.6) Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.7) Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意： （1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.3）as, however引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language. （表语提前）You should report any incident, however serous or minor it is. （表语提前）Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.（动词提前）We ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.I really want the car, however mu