上海交通大学英语讲义rcise Six听力原文及答案.docx

Exercise SixSection 1. Compound DictationYo-Yo Ma is known for his blending of musical categories, and perhaps even inventing a few. He recently completed the tour playing music from Italy,Azarbaijan, Georgia, Austria and Armenia. The range of his musical interest is echoed in his belief in crossing borders, boundaries and even identity. Here is Yo-Yo Ma with his essay for This I Believe.I believe in the infinite variety of human expression.I grew up in three cultures: I was born in Paris, my parents were from China and I was brought up mostly in America. When I was young, this was very (1) confusing: everyone said that their culture was best, but I knewthey couldnt all be right.I felt that there was an expectation that I would choose to be Chinese or French or American. For many years I (2) bounced among the three, trying on each but never being wholly comfortable. I hoped I wouldnt have to choose, but I didnt know what that meant and how exactly to “not choose.”However, the process of trying on each culture taught me something. As I struggled to belong, I came to understand what made each one (3) unique. At that point, I realized that I didnt need to choose one culture to the (4) exclusion of another, but instead I could choose from all three.The values I selected wouldbecome part of who I was, but no one culture needed to win. I could honor the cultural depth and (5) longevity of my Chinese heritage, while feeling just as passionate about the deep artistic traditions of the French and the American (6) commitment to opportunity and the future.So, rather than settling on any one of the cultures in which I grew up, I now choose to explore many more cultures and find elements to love in each. Every day I make an effort to go toward what I dont understand. This (7) wandering leads to the accidental learning that continually shapes my life.As I work in music today, I try to (8) implement this idea that the music I play, like me, doesnt belong to only one culture. In recent years, I have explored many musical traditions.(9)Along the way, I have met musicians who share a belief in the creative power that exists at the intersection of cultures. (Please pause here for 30- 40) These musicians have generously become my guides to their traditions. Thanks to them and their music I have found new meaning in my own music making.(10) It is extraordinary the way people, music and cultures develop. The paths and experiences that guide them are unpredictable. (Please pause here for 30- 40) Shaped by our families, neighborhoods, cultures and countries, each of us ultimately goes through this process of incorporating what we learn with who we are and who we seek to become. (11) As we struggle to find our individual voices, I believe we must look beyond the voice weve been assigned, (Please pause here for 30- 40) and find our place among the tones and timbre of human expression.Section 2. Note-takingIntroduction: Although successful speeches are generally attributed to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction, it is actually speech writers who write those moving speeches.Body: I. What it takes to be a good speechwriter:A. Qualifications listed on a job advertisement include having exceptional interpersonal skills, being detail-oriented, able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject; Speechwriters also need to work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style.B. The best speechwriters are believed to have an inherent talent/a natural creative instinct, for speechwriting is an art form.II. Dr. Max Atkinson outlined and illustrated a number of speechwriting techniques.A. Introducing contrast . A famous example is “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country” by former American President John F Kennedy.B. Using three-part lists to add finality or to confirm a statement. Tony Blaire uses it in his famous campaign slogans, such as “education, education, education”.C. Some other techniques include the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration.Conclusion: Try applying those techniques and find your potential of being a successful speechwriter.Script:Speechwriting The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practise is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form. So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) outlined a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.” Another technique is the use of three-part lists. Dr Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was “education, education, education”. These techniques can be used like tools - they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriters toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter. Section 3. Short Answering Questions.Study: More Education Increases IQ ScoreStaying in school really can make you smarter. Really? A new study from Norway finds that students who remain in school longer than their counterparts have higher IQ scores. In the mid-1950s, the Norwegian government began requiring students to attend school until they were 16 years old, rather than allowing them to drop out at 14.Communities had until 1972 to phase in the compulsory education reform, which meant that, for nearly 20 years, youngsters in some municipalities went to school for seven years and others attended classes for at least nine years. That gave Taryn Ann Galloway a unique opportunity to see what impact the extra two years of education had on the intellectual development of students. Galloway, a researcher at the University of Oslo, explains that all young men in Norway are required to undergo a cognitive assessment, or IQ, test for the military draft at age 19. So, she and her colleagues were able to sift through data on 107,000 draft-age young men, correlating their years of education with their IQ scores obtained by the military. “The young men who were forced to stay in school for two years longer actually did have higher IQs,” Galloway says. “So, based on that, we were able to say that increasing compulsory schooling did actually have an effect on their cognitive abilities as measured at 19 years of age.” The average IQ score on the intelligence test is 100, with most of the population falling somewhere between 85 and 115 on the scale. According to Galloway, students who got a full two years of extra schooling showed an IQ gain of more than 7 points. Those with just one additional year of compulsory education during the phase in period gained approximately 3.7 IQ points. “So, thats still quite large,” she says. “Theyre going from about average to well above average if they were affected by reform.” For years, theres been vigorous debate among psychologists about whether a persons intelligence is the result of “smart” genes or a nurturing environment in infancy. Galloways results seem to support the nurturing side of the nature versus nurture argument. She suggests getting two extra years of academic practice during the middle teenage years may also help boost IQ scores. “I think its because you do learn general thinking skills at school and you are able to practice them, and you have lots of opportunity to practice them. So this is a two year extension of compulsory schooling for two years, so they were able to simply improve their skills.”Section 4. Listening and Translation1. Once upon a time in America, people receiving gifts had no idea what was wrapped in the pretty paper. Surprise was part of the delight. The givers chose presents with care and imagination, and hoped the recipients would treasure them.开心之余还有惊喜。送礼者发挥想象力，精挑细选，希望受礼者珍爱。 2. The news for people lining up to apply for jobs got a little better on Friday. The Labor Department says Novembers jobless rate was 8.6 percent, an improvement of four-tenths of a percent from October.劳动部门声明，11月份的失业率是8.6%，比10月份改善了0.4%。3. In his weekly address, President Obama says reforming the financial system is a necessary part of the countrys economic recovery.”After a recession that stole eight million jobs, this is going to take some time. And this will require th