高中英语词语辨析(三).doc

高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家used to与be used to1. be used to 意为“习惯于” 高考资源网，其中的 to 是介词，所以其后要接名词或动名词（不能接动词原形）；若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程，可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如：w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mHe is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的。注：be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 （此时意为“被用来”，其中的 to 为不定式符号，其后要接动词原形）。如：A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。2. used to 意为“过去经常”，其中的 to 是不定式符号，而不是介词，所以其后只接动词原形（不能接动名词）。如：He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。注：used to 通常不能与表示具体次数（如 twice, three times 等）或一段时间（如 three months, five years 等）的词或短语连用，但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如：w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m正：I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎 3 次。误：I used to go to Paris three times.正：I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年。误：I used to live in the country for three years.正：I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。used to 构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式：即借助助动词did 或直接将 used 用作助动词。如：He usednt didnt use to come. 他过去不常来。You used to go there, usednt didnt you? 你过去常到那儿去，是吗?另外，有时也可见到以下这样的否定式和疑问式，但不是很普通：Did you use（d） to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?They didnt use（d） to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThere used to be a cinema here, use（d）nt there? 往日这里曾有家电影院，是吗?various与different区别一 different 表示“不同的”，指的可能是种类不同、不相像、不一样、不是同一个等，强调“异”。如：Mary and Jane are quite different. 玛丽与简大不一样。This book is different from that one. 这本书与那本书不一样。This is not what I want; I want a different one. 我要的不是这个，我要一个不同的。区别二 various 表示“各种各样的”、“各不相同的”等，主要指彼此不同且种类繁多，强调“异”而“多”。如：There are various ways of cooking an egg. 鸡蛋有各种各样的煮法。Theres been snow today in various parts of the country. 今天全国各地都下了雪。比较：He gave various reasons （= a number of different reasons） for being late. 他为自己的迟到举出了种种理由。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThis time he gave different reasons （= not the same as last time） for his being late. 这次他为自己的迟到举出了不同的理由。注：由于 various 不仅强调“异”而且强调“多”，所以其后接的名词通常用复数；而 different 强调的只是“异”而不是“多”，所以其后的名词可以是单数或复数。tight与tightly两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后。如：Please hold it tight tightly. 请紧紧握住它。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mWe were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。It has stuck so tightly that I cant get it off. 它黏得这样紧我没法把它揭下来。slow 与slowly两者都可表示“慢”，但slow通常只与少数动词（如 go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk 等）连用，且应置于其后；而slowly则用法较广，且可置于动词之前或之后，有时还可置于句首。如：He walked slowly slow up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。Negotiations were going slowly, and not well. 谈判进展缓慢，也不顺利。It is a good habit to eat slowly. 吃东西慢一点是好习惯。He walked slowly past the house. 他从屋旁慢慢走过。The balloon rose up slowly into the air. 气球冉冉升入空中。Then the audience dispersed slowly. 然后观众慢慢散去。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m【注】在某些特殊句型（如感叹句等）中，slow也可放在主语之前。如：How slow slowly the time passes! 时间过得真慢!The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。quick与quickly两者均可表示“快”，在口语中，一般多用quick（尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时），并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前，一般用quickly。如：Come quick（ly）. Theres been an accident. 快来，出事故了。You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快过去了。He ran as quickly as he could. 他使劲地跑。It gets hot quickly when the sun comes. 太阳出来了天很快热起来。I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎么能很快地到达那里。He quickly availed himself of the opportunity. 他很快利用了这个机会。After his wifes death he aged quickly. 他妻子死后他老得很快。Relief was quickly sent to sufferers from the great fire. 救济物资迅速送到大火中受害人的手中。How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday. 时间过得真快!这仿佛是昨天发生的事似的。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mhigh与highly两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表示很高的程度（意为“高度地”、“非常地”），除修饰动词（如 speak, praise, think of等）外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词（尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very much）。如： He climbed high. 他爬得很高。He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。The Chinese ate a highly civilized people. 中国人是有高度文明的人。At this news they were highly indignant. 听了这消息他们非常愤怒。The diesel engine is highly efficient. 这台柴油机效率很高。It was highly confidential. 这是高度机密的。Its highly likely that he will succeed. 很可能他会成功。They thought very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。A news commentator should be a highly literate man. 新闻评论员应当是受过良好教育的人。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThe industry of France was not yet highly developed. 那时法国的工业尚未高度发展。“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is a highly imaginative poem. “古舟子咏”是一首非常富有想像力的诗。【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中，通常要用 high。如：high-priced 高价的free 与freelyfree用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”，总是位于动词之后；freely的意思很多，可以表示“自由地”，“随便地”，“无限制地”，“心甘情愿地”，“慷慨地”等，可位于动词之前或之后。如：w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mChildren are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。You may speak freely. 你可以直言。I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由写这个问题了。You may speak freely; say what you like. 你可以自由讲话，想说什么就说什么。firm 与firmlyfirm 用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与 stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用，且位于动词之后；而firmly 的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后。如：Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。They stood firm against the war. 他们坚决反对战争。I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。They were firmly convinced that they were the rightful owner of the lands. 他们坚决相信他们是土地的合法主人。【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而 hold firm 则通常用于引申义，指“坚持（原则、理想、信仰等w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*measy与easily1. easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中。如：Take it things easy. 别着急（慢慢来）。Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。2. easily 的用法则很广，除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外， 还可表示“无疑地”、“可能地”，可用于动词之前或之后。如：That can be done easily. 这很容易办到。Some children learn languages easily. 有些孩子学语言很容易。Our team was easily beaten. 我们轻而易举地被打败。I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。The window shuts easily. 窗子很容易就关上了。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThey could easily get to do the typing. 他们可以很容易地找到另一个姑娘来打字。She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。A skilled worker can perform the task easily. 熟练工人做这项工作很容易。Im on a diet, since I put on weight easily. 由于我很容易长胖，我现在在节食。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。direct与directly1. 两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct 通常只位于动词之后，而 directly 则可位于动词之前或之后。如：We flew direct directly to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。Youd better write direct directly to her. 你最好直接给她写信。His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。You could phone her directly. 你可以直接给她打电话。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m2. 表示“一会儿”，“马上”，“不久”，只用directly，不用direct。如：Ill be there directly. 我一会儿就去那儿。Father will be home directly. 父亲马上就回家。Directly after, they resumed the journey. 之后不久他们又继续赶路。Directly on arriving, he issued orders for the mans arrest. 他到达后不久立即下令逮捕这个人。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m3. 用作连词，表示“一就”，只用directly，不用direct。如：Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家都安静了。You will hear everything directly you come. 你一来就会听到所有情况了。clear与clearly两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”，有时可换用，但是若其前有修饰语，则只能用clearly。如：He spoke loud（ly） and clear（ly）. 他说得既宏亮又清楚。He spoke quite very clearly. 他说得很清楚。I saw all that quite clearly. 这一切我都看得很清楚。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说得慢一些以便他们能听懂你的话。cheap 与cheaply两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”，但前者主要与表示“买”（如buy, get, pick up等）或“卖”（如sell）之类的动词连用，且置于其后；后者用法较广，可置于动词之前或之后。如：He sold it cheap cheaply. 他卖得很便宜。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThe radio was cheaply bought was bought cheap. 这收音机买得很便宜。The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。The bus takes you there cheaply. 坐公共汽车去便宜。We mustnt sell our goods so cheaply. 我们的货不应该这样便宜地卖。I got them quite cheaply. 它们我买得很便宜。There you can play golf comparatively cheaply. 在那里打高尔夫球比较便宜。They told us where to shop cheaply. 他们告诉我们在哪里买东西便宜。Such vaccine can be mass-produced cheaply. 这种疫苗可以便宜地大批生产bright 与brightly两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与shine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly则可与其他动词（或分词等）连用，且可置于动词之前或之后。如：The stars were shining bright brightly. 星光灿烂。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThe temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。The room was brightly lighted. 房间里灯光明亮。maybe与may be1. maybe 副词，意为“可能”、“也许”，通常用于句首，有时也放在句中或句末；may be 是情态动词“may”加动词“be”，意为“可能是”、“可能在”等。比较以下各组句子，含义相同，但结构不同：你也许是对的。正：Maybe you are right.正：You may be right. w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m他可能迷路了。正：Maybe he has lost the way.正：He may have lost the way.正：It may be that he has lost the way.2. 副词 maybe 可单独用作答语，但 may be 不能这样用。如：A：Do you think hell come back? 你认为他会回来吗?B：Maybe. （Maybe not.） 也许会回来吧（也许不会回来吧）。very, much 与 very much（1） very 主要修饰形容词或副词：The dictionary is very useful. 这本词典很有用。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mHe drove very fast. 他的车开得很快。【注】修饰副词 too（太），要用 much：It is much too expensive. 这太贵了。（2） much 主要修饰动词，而且除非其前有very, too, so 等修饰语，它只用于否定句和疑问句：She doesnt like him much. 她不太喜欢他。Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗？She likes him very much. 她很喜欢他。【注】不带修饰语的much有时也可能在肯定句中修饰动词，但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少数动词，且此时的 much 应置于句中，而不是句末：We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。（3） much 除修饰动词外，还可修饰比较级和最高级以及介词短语等：He is much better today. 他今天好多了。This is much the most difficult. 这是最最困难的。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mMuch to my surprise, he was a thief. 使我大为吃惊的是，他是个贼。【注】very 有时也可修饰最高级 （注意在句中的位置）：This is the very lowest price. 这是最低最低的价格。（4） 修饰过去分词，通常用 much，不用 very。但修饰已经转化成形容词的过去分词，或形容词性较强的过去分词 （如过去分词作定语时），则可用 very：I was much surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我非常吃惊。Her face wore a very surprised expression. 她脸上露出很吃惊的表情。（5） very much 是 much 的强调说法，从理论上说，可用 much 的地方，原则上也可用very much。almost 与 nearly（1） 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用：w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mIts almost nearly impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。He almost nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。He fell and almost nearly broke his leg. 他摔了一跤，险些摔断了腿。（2） almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用：Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。但是，两者都可用在否定动词之前：He almost nearly didnt catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m（3） nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词：Its not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想像的那么难。【注】not nearly 意为“远非”, very pretty nearly 意为“几乎”，都是习语。（4） 有时 almost 可表示十分相似（但又不完全相同），此时不用 nearly：I almost wish Id stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。sometime, some time, sometimes（1） sometime意为“某个时候”，可用于将来或过去来。如：Come to see us sometime. 什么时候来看看我们。Ill speak to him about it sometime. 我什么时候将和他谈谈这事。Well meet again sometime next week. 我们下星期什么时候再碰头。We will hold a meeting some