如何应对快速阅读.doc

如何应对快速阅读快速阅读,是指以较快的速度在规定时间内有目的、有方法、有效率地读完一定量的文字材料,并从中获得所需要的信息,回答根据文章内容所提出的各种问题。快速阅读不是一种孤立的能力,它必须以了解一定基本知识为先决条件,以具备一定的词汇量和基本语法为基础,同时还要掌握一些重要的阅读技巧。本文将结合2006年12月的四级真题来介绍两种最基本、也最常用的快速阅读方法。一、略读法略读即全景式的通览全文,是为了抓住文章要点,对文章题目、各部分小标题、文章介绍和结论部分等所进行的阅读；是以掌握全文大意为宗旨,重点从整体结构上把握作者思维轨迹的阅读。这种方法要求考生不要把眼睛盯在每个单词上, 而是要看篇章中的主题句或是从篇章的结构着手,利用推理能力, 对信息进行分析,从而归纳总结出文章主题。善于略读的人会基于篇章层面有选择地阅读, 跳过一些无关的句子、段落, 只看文章的关键内容。在此我们结合四级快速阅读真题来看看应当怎样进行略读。Six Secrets of High-Energy PeopleTheres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over what the day holds. I just cant get started, people say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.What youre seeking is not physical energy. Its emotional energy. Yet, its sad to say. Life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our sup-ply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the un-pleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag her-self out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You cant simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something new.Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this same-ness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: Its like a tire with a slow leak. You dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leak even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.Heres a challenge: If its some-thing you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. Reclaim lifes meaning.So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale.The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something, she says. But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life. What is Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zone.Most of us grown-ups are serious-ly fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care, she says. Its a challenge and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, your energy will increase quickly.4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.Everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they cant merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Hold-ing on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the pre-sent.5. Make up your mind.Say youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish or too extreme?You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain.Every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back.6. Give to get.Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.Start by asking everyone you meet, How are you?, as if you re-ally want to know, and then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you dont smile at the per-son you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help an-other person and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage(按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what youd do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.After all, if its true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff?拿到试卷,首先应分析文章标题Six Secrets of High-Energy People,主动预测文章内容。High-Energy People是指精力充沛的人,Secret的本意是秘密,引申为秘诀或奥秘。故该篇文章要告诉我们,那些人为什么精力充沛,他们保持精力充沛的秘诀是什么。接下来快速浏览文章头四段,找出主题句。英语的篇章结构与汉语不同。汉语文章的主题句通常出现在文章的中间部分或结尾部分,甚至缺失；但英语文章通常开门见山,其主题句往往就是段落首句。第四段末提出了保持精力充沛的六大秘诀,因而可以大致判断下文介绍的正是这六大秘诀。结合小标题,借助平时积累的背景知识及推理能力即可较容易地预测出秘诀的内容。因而可以跳过小标题外的段落。将主题句和小标题串在一块,文章的大致轮廓就出来了:Six Secrets of High-Energy PeopleTheres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels . What you re seeking is not physical energy . And yet we all know people who are filled with joy . . You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something new.2. Reclaim lifes meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zone.4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.5. Make up your mind.6. Give to get.二、寻读法寻读法是一种从大量资料中迅速查找某项具体事实或特定信息(如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等),而对其他无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法,读者能在最短的时间内找到所需要的信息。具体地说,寻读带有明确的目的性有针对性地选择问题的答案。 还是以Six Secrets of High-Energy People这篇快速阅读文章为例。完成上述略读浏览后, 可通过寻读来落实细节内容。为了有效地进行寻读,可运用下列技巧:(1)利用主题句和章节标题。阅读题目后,根据主题句和章节标题确定哪一部分包含解题所需的材料,然后直接找到该部分,并进行寻读。例1,第1题:The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels.相关段落摘引:Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over what the day holds. I just cant get started, people say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.答案及解析:N。根据文章首段的主题句(即首句)可知,此篇文章讨论的能源危机不是人们通常认为的石油、天然气短缺等石化能源危机。故判定为错误。例2,第5题:Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy.相关段落摘引:1. Do something new. Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this same-ness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: Its like a tire with a slow leak. You dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leak even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.Heres a challenge: If its some-thing you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.答案及解析:Y。small changes可以用来定位,我们在第一点秘诀的最后一行找到对应文字small things add to your emotional energy,虽然changes代替了things,我们还是不难看出小改变对于提高人的情感精神是有帮助的。故判定为正确。例3, 第6题:Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to help poor children.相关段落摘引:2. Reclaim lifes meaning.So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale.The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something, she says. But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life. What is Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.答案及解析:Y。life with meaning可以用来定位。我们在第二点秘诀的小标题中可以找到对应文字lifes meaning。锁定位置后,我们再仔细地寻读,发现答案的出处She started a program . filled her life with meaning.。因此我们知道艾维实施了一项计划向华尔街大亨们展示怎样给贫穷的孩子们捐献时间和金钱。在这个过程中,艾维(Ivy)觉得她的人生意义非凡。故判定为正确。 (2)抓提示词。找到包含所需信息的章节准备寻读,留心与这个具体信息有关的提示词。例1,第3题:Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to ones success in life.相关段落摘引:And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the un-pleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the bestseller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag her-self out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.答案及解析:Y。用人名Laura Hillenbrand定位原文第三段第三行。找到提示词后就可以寻找所需要的信息了。根据文中barely had enough physical energy和这段最后的It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.可知,奔腾年代的作者劳拉希伦布兰德对抗长期的病症,成功地写下传世之作。这表现出她具有强大的精神能量。故判定为正确。例2, 第7题:The real estate broker the author knows is talented in home redecoratio