山东省宁津第一中学高中英语 Module1 British and American English单元重点词汇导学案 外研版必修5.doc

年级高二学科英语版本外研社版课程标题必修5 module 1 british and american english一、学习目标知识目标：学习本模块的词汇、短语和句型。能力目标：熟练认知、使用这些词汇、短语和句型，将其变成自己脱口而出的语言素材，在阅读完形题中能够认知，能够区分英式英语和美式英语，了解两国的文化差异。二、重点、难点重点单词obvious, confusing, compare, differ, add, present, attempt重点短语havein common, make a difference（to）, get around, have difficulty（in）doing sth., refer toas; in favour of, thanks to 重点句型1. it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english.2. the only problem was i didnt realize the local accent would be so different, but i guess ill learn with practice. 3. when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and american are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.一、重点单词【单词学习】 1. obvious adj. 显然的；显而易见的；明白的【例句】it is obvious that a man isnt strong enough to lift an elephant. 很明显，一个人是不能举起大象的。【拓展】obviously adv. 明显地；显而易见地；明白地be obvious to sb. 为某人所明白it is obvious（to sb.）that （对某人来说）显然【例句】obviously, you should pick some other password.显然，你应该选择一些别的密码。something might be obvious to those around you.这些事对于周围其他人来说或许是显而易见的。【考题链接】_ that she has passed the driving test.a. it is obvious b. obvious c. obviously d. as obvious答案：a解题思路：句意：显而易见，她已经通过了驾照考试。本题考查it is obvious that显而易见，。2. confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的【例句】what he said is confusing. 他说的话令人困惑。【拓展】confuse vt. 使迷惑，使难于理解confused adj. 迷惑的，混乱的，难懂的confusion n. u 混乱，混淆，困惑 confuse a with / and b 把a与b混淆get/be confused 困惑，不知所措 【例句】they confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一大堆问题，把我弄糊涂了。dont confuse this bottle with that one. 不要把这个瓶子与那一个混淆。the old lady easily got confused. 这个老太婆容易糊涂。【考题链接】looking at her _ looks，we were _.a. astonished；confused b. astonishing；confusingc. astonishment；confused d. astonished；confusing答案：a解题思路：句意：看到她惊讶的表情，我们都困惑了。astonished意为“惊讶的”，表示她是惊讶的；confused意为“困惑的”，描述的是人的状况。故选a。3. compare vt. 比较【例句】compare this new tv set with the old one, and you will see which is better.将这台新电视机与旧电视机一比，你就会看出哪一台更好一些。【拓展】compare a to b 把a比作b be compared with/ to 与相比in comparison with 与相比comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻；比较关系comparative adj. 比较的；相当的【例句】your conclusion is wrong in comparison with their conclusion.你们的结论与他们的相比是错误的。【考题链接】when _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.a. compared b. being compared c. comparingd. having compared答案：c 解题思路：句意：当我们比较不同文化的时候，我们只在意它们的区别而没有留意它们的相同之处。根据句型结构来看，第一句是时间状语从句的省略，省略了we are，还原成完整的句子：when we are comparing different cultures, we often。故选c。4. differ vi. 不同，有区别【例句】his opinion differs entirely from mine.他的意见和我的完全不同。customs differ in different countries.各国风俗不同。【拓展】different adj. 不同的；相异的differently adv. 不同地difference n. 不同；区别；差别之处【例句】 what i did is different from what he did. 我做的不同于他做的。what is the difference?有何不同?【考题链接】teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. they_ in kind and function.a. differ b. change c. compare d. work答案：a解题思路：句意：教和学是两个完全不同的过程。它们的类别和作用是不同的。differ in在某方面不同；change改变；compare比较；work工作。5. add vt. 加；增加【例句】if so, i add it to the list. 如果这样的话，我将把它添加到列表中。【拓展】add up to 合计addition n. 添加in addition 另外in addition to 除了【例句】the figures add up to 450.这些数字加起来的总数是450。in addition, you can share your files with others.另外，您可以与其他的用户共享您的文件。【考题链接】his illness _ the familys trouble.a. add up b. add up to c. add to d. are added to答案：c解题思路：句意：他的病更增加了这个家庭的困难。add up合计；add up to合计达；add to增添。6. present vt. 赠送；授予；陈述；提出（观点，计划等）n. 时刻；礼物 adj. 现在的，出席的【例句】 well present a gold watch to smith.我们将赠送给史密斯一块金表。when are the committee presenting the plan?委员会什么时候提出报告?【考题链接】the mayor will personally _the gold medal _ the winning athletes at the sports meet.a. present; byb. present; toc. present; ofd. present; for答案：b解题思路：句意：市长将亲自在运动会上为获胜的运动员颁发金牌。presentwith/to向某人赠送某物。7. attempt n. 努力；尝试 vt. 尝试；企图【例句】she attempted to translate the novel from french into chinese. 她试图把这本小说从法语译成汉语。they made no attempt to escape / at escaping.他们没有试图逃跑。【拓展】attempt + 名词/代词 attempt + to do /at doing sth. 尝试（试图）做某事make an attempt（to do / at doing sth.）试图/尝试（做某事）make an attempt on sth. 试图夺取某物【例句】he is a green hand, but he has attempted a difficult task. 他是个新手，但他却尝试了一项艰苦的任务。and i can show that to youat least i can make an attempt. 我可以展示给你们看至少我可以尝试一下。【考题链接】mary has been preparing carefully for the english examination, so that she can be sure of passing it at her first _.a. request b. attempt c. promise d. purpose答案：b解题思路：句意：玛丽一直在认真准备英语考试，以至于她能确保第一次尝试就能通过。at ones first attempt某人第一次尝试；request请求；promise诺言；purpose目的。【即学即练】1. why must you spend so much on this mobile phone?well, _ it with other brands and youll find that its well worth the money.a. compare b. comparing c. to compare d. compared 答案：a解题思路：句意：为什么你非得花这么多钱买这个手机啊？噢，和别的品牌一比较你就会发现它很值这个价钱。根据第二句中的and可判断，前句是祈使句，应用动词原形。故选a。2. the math problem remained _ to the boy although explained over and over.a. confused b. confusing c. to confuse d. to be confused答案：b 解题思路：句意：尽管解释了一遍又一遍，但是这个数学问题依然令这个男孩困惑。confused困惑的；confusing令人困惑的。3. dr watson wrote his name _ and carefully at the top of the paper. a. anxiously b. attentively c. obviously d. clearly答案：d 解题思路：句意：dr watson非常仔细而清楚地在纸的上端签了他的名字。考查副词的辨析。 clearly清楚地；anxiously忧虑地；attentively专心地；obviously明显地。4. _ english, she has to study a second foreign language.a. in addition that b. beside c. in addition d. in addition to答案：d解题思路：句意：除了英语，她不得不学习第二外语。in addition that后接从句；beside在旁边；in addition另外；in addition to除了。5. i won the first prize and you can imagine how excited i was when the mayor _ me with the reward.a. provided b. supplied c. presented d. charged答案：c解题思路：句意：我赢得第一，你能想象到当市长给我颁奖的时候，我是多么兴奋啊。provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物；supply sb. with sth. 提供某人某物；present sb. with 赠送/颁发某人某物；charge掌管。6. did you get a ticket?no. i _, but there wasnt any left.a. had to b. attempted to c. decided to d. managed to答案：b 解题思路：句意：你买票了吗？没有。我尝试了，但是票已经卖完了。attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事；decide to do sth. 决定做某事；manage to do sth. 设法做某事。二、重点短语【短语学习】1. have in common 在方面有相同之处【例句】they have a lot in common and become good friends.他们有很多相同之处并且成了好朋友。【拓展】have a lot / much / a great deal in common with 与有很多共同之处have not much / nothing / little in common with与没多少/没有共同之处in common with sb./sth. 与一样，与一起【例句】they are twin brothers, but they have nothing in common. 他们是双胞胎兄弟，但却没有相同之处。【考题链接】sometimes i really wonder how i can make friends with a man who has a lot _ with me.a. in ordinary b. in similar c. the same d. in common答案：d解题思路：句意：有时我真地很困惑，我是如何跟与我有很多相似之处的一个人交朋友的。have a lot in common有很多共同之处。2. make a difference（to）有影响，使不相同【例句】the sea air has made a difference to her health.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。【考题链接】in case of emergency, whether knowing how to give first aid or not really _. a. make differencesb. makes a differencec. makes different d. make different 答案：b 解题思路：句意：在紧急情况下，是否知道怎样提供急救有很大的区别。make a difference有区别，有影响。3. get around 四处走动；传播；克服；回避【例句】the news of her resignation soon got around/about/ round. 她辞职的消息不久就传开了。she is getting around meeting him. 她一直都在避免见到他。【考题链接】i like to _. ive got friends all over the town. a. get off b. get back c. get in d. get around答案：d解题思路：句意：我喜欢四处走动。这个城镇我有很多朋友。get off 脱下，动身；get back收回；get in到达，进入，收货；get around四处走动。4. have difficulty（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难【用法】介词in可以省略，而difficulty之前也可由some, much, great, no, little等词来修饰。【例句】i have great difficulty in talking to the foreigners in english. 我用英语同外国人谈话很费力。with the help of the gps, i almost had no difficulty finding the place we are going to visit. 借助于全球定位系统，我几乎毫不费力地就找到了我们要参观的地方。【考题链接】 do you know the difficulty he had _ so many children at school?a. keep b. to have kept c. keeping d. kept 答案：c解题思路：句意：你知道他供养这么多孩子上学有多困难吗？本题考查have difficulty（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难。5. refer to as 称为【例句】i always refer to him as bookworm.我总是把他称作书呆子。【考题链接】 i knew the lady _ bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.a. referred to b. was referring toc. pointed at d. was pointing at答案：b解题思路：句意：当她谈及一个聪明而年轻的男孩时，我知道这个妇女指的是比尔。point at指向；refer to指的是；根据句意应用过去进行时态。6. in favor of（sb./sth.）赞同，支持【例句】we are all in favor of equal pay for equal work.我们支持同工同酬。【拓展】do sb. a favor/ do a favor for sb. 帮某人忙owe sb. a favor 欠某人情分【例句】do me a favour. turn on the light, will you?帮我个忙，把灯打开好吗?【考题链接】 my sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it, though it was not a perfect one.a. in honour of b. in favor of c. in memory of d. in search of 答案：b解题思路：句意：我的妹妹反对我的建议而我的哥哥支持，尽管它不是一个完美建议。in honour of为了纪念；in favour of同意；in memory of纪念；in search of搜索。7. thanks to 幸亏；由于；多亏【例句】thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected. 由于他的努力，事情比我们预料的要成功。【考题链接】_ a lot of hard work, it was all a great success.a. because b. for c. thanks to d. thanks for答案：c 解题思路：句意：由于艰辛的工作，它非常成功。because连词，意为：因为；for并列连词或介词，不用于句首；thanks to由于；thanks for多谢。【即学即练】1. although they are twin brothers, they have nothing _ with each other except that they look alike. a. in the endb. in all c. in factd. in common答案：d 解题思路：句意：尽管他们是孪生兄弟，但他们除了长得相似之外没有任何共同之处。have nothing in common没有相似之处。2. where would you like to have your dinner, in a french restaurant or a chinese one? it _to me. a. is not different b. makes not a difference c. is not a difference d. makes no difference答案：d解题思路：句意：你想去哪里吃饭，法国餐馆还是中国餐馆？对我来说没有什么区别。make no difference to sb. 对某人而言没有区别。3. some students have trouble _ grammar while others have difficulty _ new words. a. in; remember b. for; to remember c. on; remembering d. with; remembering答案：d 解题思路：句意：有些学生学习语法有困难，而其他人记忆生词有困难。have trouble with sth.某事有困难；have difficulty（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难。4. to make the students understand the problem the teacher tried to explain it, but the explanation just did not _ to the class. a. get through b. get around c. get down d. get across答案：d解题思路：句意：为了让学生明白这个问题，老师尽力去解释，但这个解释还是不能为同学们所了解。get through完成；get around四处走动，回避；get down开始；get across通过，被了解。5. the examination results _ in the speech of our headmaster delighted all of us.a. refer to b. referring to c. was referred to d. referred to答案：d 解题思路：句意：校长的演讲中提到的考试结果让我们很高兴。6. _ spending our vacation in the city, why not try hiking in the country? a. instead of b. in favour of c. in case of d. in terms of答案：a解题思路：句意：代替去城市度假，为什么不试试去农村徒步旅行呢？instead of 代替；in favour of支持；in case of万一；in terms of 就而论。7. how about your trip to italy? oh, _the fine weather, we enjoyed ourselves indeed. a. but for b. thanks to c. in spite of d. because 答案：b解题思路：句意：你这次意大利之行怎么样啊？多亏天气好，我们玩得真高兴。but for要不然；thanks to突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”之意；because着重某种原因；in spite of 不管，不顾。三、重点句型【句型学习】1. it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english. 一个老师说英语还是美语没有太大区别。【句析】其中it为形式主语，whether a teacher speaks british or american english. 是真正的主语。【拓展】it作形式主语的主要结构it is /was + adj./n.+ that-clauseit is/was no good/use doing sth.it is +said/believed/agreed/reported + that-clause it happened/seem/appear/occurred + that-clauseit turned out that【例句】it has been possible to listen to british and american english at the flick of a switch.轻轻打开开关，就能听英式或美式英语了。it is said that she is the tallest student in the class.据说她是班上最高的学生。it is no use talking without doing anything.只说不做是没有用的。【考题链接】everyone in the village is very friendly. it doesnt matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.a. why b. how c. whether d. when答案：c解题思路：考查名词性从句。句意：村子里的每个人都很友好。与你在那里住的时间长短无关。c项whether“是否”，符合句意。a项why“为什么”；b项how“如何，怎么样”；d项when“什么时候”。2. the only problem was i didnt realize the local accent would be so different, but i guess ill learn with practice.唯一的问题就是我没有意识到当地口音如此不同，但是我想我会随着实践而学会的。【句析】 i didnt realize the local accent是表语从句，省略了连词that，表语从句常置于系动词后面。the local accent would be so different是宾语从句，省略了连接词that。but是表转折的并列连词，引导并列句，其中i guess ill learn with practice是宾语从句。【例句】the only reason is that he is ill. 唯一的原因是他病了。i didnt realize that what i said was wrong. 我没有意识到我说错了。【考题链接】1. cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. no one in the office knew _ she was so angry. a. where b. whether c. that d. why 答案：d解题思路：本题考查宾语从句。句意：cindy用力关上门并且大哭了起来，办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。从句中缺少原因状语，根据句意，d项正确。2. i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays. thats _ i dont agree. you should have a more active life. a. where b. how c. when d. what答案：a解题思路：考查名词性从句。句意：周日我喜欢把自己关在屋子里整天听音乐。那正是我不同意之处，你应该过更积极的生活。agree 是不及物动词，where引导表语从句，充当地点状语。3. when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and american are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. 当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳做了一个著名的评论英国人和美国人是由一种共同语言分割的两个民族，显然他考虑了英语的差异。【句析】when引导的时间状语从句；that the british and american are two nations是同位语从句，解释remark。divided by a common language是过去分词作定语。【例句】the hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他恢复的希望还没有破灭。the news that zhao benshan quitted the 2012 spring festival gala surprised us all. 赵本山退出2012年春晚的消息令我们很惊讶。he is one of those invited. 他是其中一位受邀者。【拓展】同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。【例句】the news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。（此句含定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”）the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。（此句含同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容）【考题链接】nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. a. why b. that c. where d. because答案：b解题思路：考查名词性从句和定语从句的辨析。这里的从句说明了前面的抽象名词reason的具体内容，是同位语从句，故用that引导。句意：没有人相信他缺课的原因是他不得不去机场接他叔叔。mrs. white showed her students some old maps _ from the library. a. to borrow b. to be borrowed c. borrowed d. borrowing答案：c解题思路：句意：怀特夫人让学生们看了她从图书馆借来的一些旧地图。borrowed在句中作定语修饰maps，二者间是被动关系，故用过去分词。【即学即练】1. it doesnt matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store.a. how b. whether c. what d. why答案：b解题思路：考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：在这家商店不管你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都没关系。分析句子结构可知it是形式主语，真正的主语是“ you pay by cash or credit card in this store”。whetheror意为“不管还是”，符合句意；how如何，多么；what什么；why为什么，的理由，此三项均不符合句意。2. it is one of the funniest things _ on the internet so far this year. a. finding b. being found c. to find d. found答案：d解题思路：句意：这是今年到目前为止在网上找到的最滑稽可笑的事情之一。things和find之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。being found是现在分词的被动形式，意为“正在被寻找”，与so far这一时间状语所表达的时间不一致。found为过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句that have been found。3. the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. a. what b. which c. that d. though答案：c解题思路：句意：这些年地球越来越暖的事实已令很多科学家忧虑。本题为间隔式同位语从句，the fact和that引导的同位语从句的中间被谓语部分“has worried many scientists”隔开了。that引导的从句是对the fact的解释。4. why didnt you chat with that friendly foreigner just now? id like to, but the trouble was _ he said was difficult for me to understand. a. what which b. that what c. that d. what that答案：b解题思路：考查名词性从句。句意：刚才你为什么不和那个友好的外国人聊一下呢？我很想聊，但问题是他说的话对我来说太难理解了。that引导一个表语从句，表语从句中包含what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中作said的宾语。5. at the beginning of a speech, it is very important to grab the audiences attention and make them interested in _ you have to say. a. which b. what c. that d. who答案：b解题思路：考查宾语从句。句意：在演讲开始的时候，深深吸引听众的注意力并且让他们对你必须说的东西感兴趣是非常重要的。宾语从句中缺少宾语，因此应选择连接代词what。故答案为b。必修5 module 2 a job worth doing一、预习新知（一）单词：写出以下单词的词义和词性，然后根据要求写出相应变化形式的单词。satisfying_ _（vt.）stressful_ _（n. &vt.）accountant _（vt.）volunteer_ offer