【创新设计】（教师用书）高考英语二轮复习 核心考点一 名词（含解析）.doc

二轮专题复习英语 第一篇单项填空第一篇单项填空核心考点一名词学好语法的基础【考向聚焦】名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上，特别是抽象名词的辨析。不仅是单项填空，而且完形填空中也大量出现。其他常考的语法点还有：抽象名词具体化；专有名词普通化；与冠词的连用；固定搭配。1(2013湖北，21)poetry written from the_of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.aperspective bpriority cparticipation dprivilege解析考查名词辨析。句意：从都市青年的角度写的诗歌倾向于反映他们对缺乏归属感的焦虑。a项意为“观点，看法”；b项意为“优先，优先权”；c项意为“参加，参与；分享”；d项意为“特权；荣幸”。结合句意可知正确答案为a项。答案a2(2013湖北，22)carbon dioxide, which makes a_between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.adifference bcomparison cconnection dbarrier解析句意：二氧化碳，在我们与太阳之间设置了一道屏障，阻止热量轻易地散发到大气层中，因此地球正变得更暖和。a项意为“区别，不同”；b项意为“对比，比较”；c项意为“联系”；d项意为“障碍，屏障”。故选d项。答案d3(2013江苏，33)with inspiration from other food cultures，american food culture can take a_for the better.ashare bchance cturn dlead解析考查名词辨析。句意：受到了其它饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化正朝更好的方向发展。share意为“分享”；chance意为“机会”；turn意为“转变”；lead意为“领导”。答案c4(2013江西，22)whenever i made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with _.acuriosity bsatisfactioncenvy dpatience解析考查名词辨析。curiosity意为“好奇心”；satisfaction意为“满意”；envy意为“嫉妒”；patience意为“耐心”。根据句意“每当我犯错的时候，老师总是耐心地指出我的错误”可知d项意义合适。答案d5(2013辽宁，23)the accident caused some_to my car，but its nothing serious.aharm binjury cruin ddamage解析考查名词辨析。句意：这次事故对我的车造成一些损伤，但不严重。根据but its nothing serious可知损伤不严重，用damage表示可以修复。harm一般指对人的无形伤害；injury指对人体部位的挫伤；ruin指不可修复的严重伤害。答案d6(2013天津，7)while she was in paris，she developed a _for fine art.away brelation ctaste dhabit解析考查名词辨析。develop a taste for fine art意为“培养对美术的兴趣”。way意为“方法”；relation意为“关系”；taste意为“口味；兴趣”；habit意为“习惯”。答案c7(2013浙江，4)as the worlds population continues to grow，the _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.aworth bsupply cpackage dlist解析句意：随着世界人口持续增长，食品的供应成了人们越来越关心的事情。worth意为“价值”；supply意为“供应”；package意为“包装”；list意为“名单”。根据句意知，b项为正确答案。答案b8(2012山东)my first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.aexpression battentioncsatisfaction dimpression解析句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。本题考查名词辨析。a：表达；b：注意力；c：满意；d：印象。答案d9(2012福建)why do you choose to work in an international travel agency.well，you know，english is my _.so it is my best choice.astrength btalent cability dskill解析句意：你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作？哦，你知道英语是我的强项。因此，这是我的最佳选择。本题考查名词辨析。strength意为“长处，强项”；talent意为“才能”；ability意为“能力”；skill意为“技能”。答案a10(2012湖北)it is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.asymptom bsimilarity csample dshadow解析句意：定期检查眼睛看看是否患上可能无任何症状的眼疾，这很重要。symptom意为“症状；症候”；similarity意为“相似”；sample意为“样本”；shadow意为“阴影”。a项符合句意。答案a自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n) _ of 40,000 per year.(2010江西)aaverage bnumber camount dquantity解析句意：去年考过驾照的学生人数达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of意为“平均数”。答案a【典例2】 teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.(2011江苏，27)aconsequence bindependenceccompetence dintelligence解析句意：教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业技能水平。考查名词辨析。professional competence意为“专业技能”，符合句意。consequence意为“后果，结果”；independence意为“独立”；intelligence意为“智力”，均不符合题意。答案c1(2012江西)youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _.apurpose breference cprogress dmemory解析句意：你最好记下那家餐馆的电话以便将来参考。for future reference是固定搭配，意为“以备将来参考”。答案b2(2012江苏)can i help you with it?i appreciate your _，but i can manage it myself.aadvice bquestion coffer didea解析根据句意“我能帮你吗？我很感谢你的提议，但是我自己能行。”可知选c。offer意为“(愿为某人做某事的)提议；提供”。答案c近五年高考常考的名词：accent，account，aspect，attitude，attempt，atmosphere，advantage，average，admission，ambition，anniversary，appointment，anxiety，appetite，conclusion，contrast，challenge，consequence，direction，evidence，emergency，effect，effort，function，insurance，intelligence，identity，impression，occasion，occupation，summary，sympathy，standard，sign，ficance，schedule，principle，potential，welfare名词短语：a series of，a range of，a variety of，find fault with，make sense，make a difference to【典例3】 what do you think of the manager of your company?oh，he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with.its _ pleasure to work with him.athe；a ba；a ca；the d/；a解析第一空用不定冠词表示类别，意思是“他是那种很好相处的经理”；第二空a pleasure的意思是“一件愉快的事”，这里是抽象名词具体化。故答案为b。答案b【典例4】 i find it very difficult to read _ novel you lent me last week.yes.its necessary to have _ good knowledge of history.athe；/ ba；/ cthe；a da；a解析第一空特指对方上周所借给“我”的小说，故应填定冠词；但考生可能以为第二空后面是抽象名词，为不可数名词，不填冠词，于是错选a。然而，此处knowledge之前应用不定冠词，have a good knowledge of意为“对很了解”，是固定搭配，故正确答案为c。答案c3_ walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ packed lunch.aa；a bthe；/ cthe；a da；/答案c4what _ surprise to see you here!athe b/ ca dan答案c英语中，有些抽象名词，如：knowledge，history，failure，success，help，pleasure，surprise，honour等表示抽象概念时，其前面不用不定冠词，如：with pleasure，in surprise等。但是，当表示具体的概念时，其前面应用不定冠词，也可以用其复数形式。【典例5】 who called me this morning?_ mr.li.he asked you to visit shenzhen and said that _ shenzhen today is different from what you saw thirty years ago.a/；/ ba；/ c/；the da；the解析有些考生认为空格后面都是专有名词，从而错选a。事实上，联系语境可知，答话者并不认识李先生，故第一空应用不定冠词；第二空特指今天的深圳，应用定冠词，故答案为d。答案d【典例6】 on _ friday when tom was having an art lesson，as he had no color pencils with him，he drew _ blue sun with his pen.a/；the b/；a cthe；the da；a解析有些考生认为“friday”前面不用冠词，而sun是世界上独一无二的事物，前面应用定冠词，于是将答案错选为a。事实上，当指某个星期几时，要用不定冠词；当sun，moon，world等前面有形容词修饰时，其前应该用不定冠词，故正确答案为d。答案d5(2011浙江)experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ picasso.athe；/ ba；the ca；/ dthe；a答案d6(2010江苏)the visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new jiangsu.a/；a b/；the cthe；a dthe；the答案a【典例7】 it is no _ arguing with bill because he will never change his mind.(全国高考)ause bhelp ctime dway解析考生有可能误选d项，认为no way在句中表示“没有可能”。it is no use doing sth是一个固定结构，意为“做某事是没有用的”，故a为正确答案。答案a【典例8】 it is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.(江西高考)asafety bcompanychouse dfriend解析句意：据说当你感到孤独的时候，狗会一直陪伴你。keep sb company意为“陪伴某人”。答案b7(湖北高考)at the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics.aapproaches bmeans cmethods dways答案a8i saw bob play the piano at johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant.ascene bcircumstancecoccasion dsituation答案c主要考查名词的一些固定搭配在具体语境中的运用。做此类题目的时候，看懂句子的意思固然重要，牢记短语在不同语境中的用法也是必不可少的。下面所列的是常考的含有名词的固定搭配：have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于take advantage of利用，趁之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用，妥善处理1(2013江西十所重点中学模拟)i really admire the people full of _.im always tired.youd better take more exercise.apower bstrength cforce denergy解析考查名词辨析。根据im always tired可知，第一句应表示，我真羡慕那些精力充沛的人，故选d。energy意为“精力，活力”；power意为“能力，权力”；strength意为“力量，力气”；force意为“暴力，武力”。答案d2(2013银川一中一模)the tv series of gong became popular and the theme song love the feed sung by yang mi was a _ at once and loved by young people.ashock bstrike chit dbeat解析考查名词辨析。句意：电视连续剧宫很受欢迎，而且杨幂唱的主题曲爱的供养风行一时，很受年轻人喜欢。根据句意选c，hit意为“风行一时的事物”。答案c3(2013泉州质检)in a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.adivision bdifference cseparation dsense解析句意：在自然灾害中，数分钟甚至是数秒钟的警告都能影响人的生死。make a/the difference意为“产生影响，起作用”，是固定短语，故difference正确。答案b4(2013杭州一模)two of my friends are having their weddings on the same day，and im in a real _ about which one to go to.asituation bchoice ctrick ddilemma解析考查名词辨析，句意：两个朋友在同一天举行婚礼，所以去参加哪一场婚礼真的让我左右为难。dilemma意为“窘境，困境”，符合题意。答案d5(2013潍坊三县一模)if you dont work hard，it will be of no _ for others to help you.asympathy bsignificancecrelation dsign解析考查名词辨析。句意：如果你工作不努力，别人帮助你也无济于事。significance意为“重要性；意义”，符合题意。答案b6(2013安徽皖南八校联考)i sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an _ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.aattitude bimpressioncappreciation dexpression解析考查名词辨析。句意：我给护士送去一束鲜花以表谢意，感谢她在我爷爷住疗养院期间给予的悉心照顾。an expression of thanks是express ones thanks的变形。c项若能与题干构成an appreciation for her taking good care of.的结构，也可当选。答案d7_ material used for running tracks in schools across china may be _ danger to childrens health.a/；a bthe；a c/；the dthe；the解析a danger为抽象名词具体化的用法。答案b8could you tell me the way to _ johnsons，please?sorry，we dont have _ johnson here in the village.athe；the bthe；a c/；the dthe；/解析句意：请问去约翰逊家怎么走啊？对不起，我们村里没有叫约翰逊的。“the姓氏复数”表示“某某一家人”，a人名则属于专有名词普通化的用法，可以表示为“一个叫的人”。答案b9nowadays，few people form the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power _.adrop black cabsence dfailure解析句意：现在，几乎没有人有在家里存放蜡烛以防断电应急的习惯。power failure意为“断电”。答案d10kelly gave me a vivid _ of her trip to mount tai after her return.aexplanation baccount cimagination didea解析句意：凯丽回来后向我生动地描述了她的泰山之旅。explanation意为“解释，说明”；imagination意为“想象，空想，想象的事物”；idea意为“想法，主意”。give a vivid account of “对进行生动的描述”。答案b11we should look up to him as a shining example of _ to duty.adevotion bprivilege cresponsibility dburden解析devotion to duty 意为“忠于职守”；privilege