2014河南理工研究生英语复习卷.doc

河南理工大学研究生英语期末练习卷PART I CLOZE (20 points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern bent emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters (1)_ natural beauty, the sublime, and representation - a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. (2)_ that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more (3)_ and has begun to (4)_ the philosophy of nature. Various issues (5)_ to the philosophy of art have had a (6)_ impact (7)_ the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics. (8)_ among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (9)_ the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing theoretical positions (10)_ on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, (11)_ the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing (12)_ with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, (13)_ have followed (14)_ of two approaches. In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art. (15)_, it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to (16)_ a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry. The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such (17)_ problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the (18)_ of a history of art; the (19)_ of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical (20)_ in the conduct of everyday affairs.(1).A. for B. as C. to D. with(2).A. Since B. For C. As D. In(3). A. promotional B. promissory C. promiscuous D. prominent(4). A. plant B. supplant C. transplant D. replant(5). A. central B. concentrating C. focusing D. centering(6). A. marking B. remarking C. marked D. remarked(7). A. on B. for C. in D. to(8). A. Forebodying B. Foremost C. Forethoughtful D. Foregone(9). A. for B. for C. to D. on(10). A. have brought B. have been brought C. have taken D. have been taken(11). A. whereas B. wherein C. whereon D. wherefore(12). A. preoccupancy B. preoccupation C. premonition D. preoption(13). A. artists B. writers C. critics D. analysts(14). A. all B. either C. neither D. none(15). A. In the other manner B. In the other way C. In another D. In the other(16). A. justify B. justified C. justifying D. having justified(17). A. diverse B. divided C. divine D. dividual(18). A. vicinity B. viability C. villainy D. visibility(19). A. reliance B. reliability C. relief D. relevancy(20). A. reason B. reasonableness C. reasoning D. reasonability PART II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (30 points) There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.21. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish _ proposals in the near future.A. their B. our C. his D. its22. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now.A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get23. Nine is to three _ three is to one.A. when B. that C. which D. what24. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which25. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finishhis assignment.A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much26. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. when B. which C. that D. where27. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party.28. When you have finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on my desk, _?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you29. What does He wisely refused to spend his money mean?A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.30. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as _.A. it could be B. could be C. it was D. was31. The following are all correct responses to Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPTA. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that. D. Jim did.32. Quality is _ counts most.A. which B. that C. what D. where33. In his plays Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language.A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes34. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St. Peters in Rome.A. / B. that of C. which is D. of35. Which of the following sentences expresses probability?A. You must leave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight oclock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.36. When he first started in university, he really felt at _ with his major - economics.A. shore B. bank C. ocean D. sea37. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered38. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite _ discussing a recent film withothers.A. at home B. at most C. at house D. at bean39. The company has capitalized _ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A. in B. over C. with D. on40. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to _ them next semester.A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise41. Keep this reference book; it may come in _ one day.A. handy B. useful C. convenient D. helpful42. The questions that the speaker raised were well _ the average adult.A. past B. on C. beyond D. through43. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) _ of learning.A. design B. instrument C. agency D. tool44. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _.A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly45. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems_ on becoming a computer programmer.A. fit B. set C. disposed D. decided46. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _ anddeclined to speak at the meeting.A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute47. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew inA. gravity B. extent C. intensity D. amount48. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _ until themotorway is repaired.A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased49. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the _ cause of the tides.A. principal B. basic C. initial D. elementary50. Teddy came to my _ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned himthat my wallet had been stolen.A. attendance B. assistance C. rescue D. safety PART III READING COMPREHENSION (25 points)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT APetroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source - crude oil found below the earths surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earths interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the carious positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.51. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Crude oil is found below land and water.B. Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.C. Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.D. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.52. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because _.A. the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearanceB. complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structureC. the two atoms in the molecule assume many positionsD. the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation53. Which of the following is true?A. The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.B. Heating and condensation produce the various products.C. Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.D. Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.54. How is crude oil brought to the surface?A. Expansion of the hydrocarbons.B. Pressure and pumping.C. Vacuum created in the drilling pipe.D. Expansion and contraction of the earths surface.55. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?A. Distillate oil.B. Gasoline.C. Lubrication oil.D. Kerosene. TEXT BCenturies ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and apricot leather.All foods including water - cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110 at entry to about 43 at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.56. The open-air method of drying food _.A. is the one most commonly used todayB. was invented by the American IndiansC. has been known for hundreds of yearsD. tends to be unhygienic57. Bacteria which cause food to go bad _.A. cannot live in sunlight B. are killed by dryingC. are in no way dependent on the water contentD. have their activity greatly reduced by drying58. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried _.A. on horizontal cylindersB. in hot-air chambersC. in the sun and windD. using the open tray method59. Dried foods _.A. are often packed in cans or frozenB. are used by soldiers and climbersC. need more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products60. Housewives like dried foods because they _.A. are quick to prepareB. taste betterC. can be preserved by boiling in waterD. look fresh and appetizing when cooked TEXT CCalifornia is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance. Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska ) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are driedup lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined. 61. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States? A. Lake Tulainyo.B. Mojave desert. C. Death Valley.D. The Salton Sea.62. Where is the highest point in the United States located? A. Lake Tahoe.B. Sierra Nevada.C. Mount Whitney.D. Alaska.63. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney? A. About 3 miles.B. Only 100 miles. C. 282 feet.D. 14,494 feet.64. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?A. The Pacific Ocean. B. San Joaquin Valley. C. Mojave Desert. D. Oregon and Washington.65. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast? A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo. B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.TEXT DWhen companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one i