第二次作业：论文格式修改

届 别 2017 届 学 号 201214030231 毕业设计（论文）永别了，武器中的女性意识分析Analysis of Female Consciousnessin Farewell to Arms姓 名 院系、 专 业 外国语学院、英语 导 师 姓 名、职 称 完 成 时 间 2016年5月 Analysis the Female consciousness in Farewell to ArmsA ThesisSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Bachelors Degree in English Language and LiteratureByUndergraduate ProgramDepartment of Foreign LanguagesXiangnan UniversitySupervisor: LI XIN Academic Title: Lecturer Signature_ Approved May 2015 CONTENTSAbstract in ChineseiAbstract in EnglishiiIntroduction.11. Literature Review21.1 The background of Ernest Miller Hemingway and his A Farewell to Arms31.2 The previous research results of the novel32. Analysis about Hemingways female consciousness4 2.1 .1 Social factors42.1.2 Family factors.52.1.3 Other factors52.2 Hemingways female consciousness5 2.2 .1The definition of the female consciousness5 2.2.2The development of the female consciousness.6 2.2.3 Hemingways female consciousness.63.Female consciousness in Farewell to Arms . 7 3.1 Catherine Barkley,an IdeaWoman .7 3.2The love between Catherine Barkley and Frederic Henry.7 3.3The new woman-Catherine Barkley .8 3.4The death of the Ideal Woman. .8Summary.9Conclusion10Bibliography12摘要作为20世纪美国最杰出的作家,海明威创作了许多不朽的作品。海明威的重要地位和杰出贡献是众所周知的。他是一个以关注男性世界,思考男性本质,塑造“硬汉”形象而著称的作家,而女性人物似乎往往只作为其陪衬而存在。然而，在进一步的研究中发现，在这些作品中,他既塑造了被称之“硬汉子”的男性人物,同时又刻画了令人难忘的女性人物。通过分析文学作品中的这些女性人物,不难发现海明威的女性意识。如同他作品中的男性人物一样,海明威笔下的女性人物有着复杂的个性特征,尤其是在其永别了，武器中我们不难发现海明威是一个支持妇女运动有着深刻同情心的作家，从而揭示出了海明威的女性意识。本论文试从女性意识的角度深入探索海明威的这部小说。由以下四个部分组成。第一部分是导言，首先介绍海明威的相关背景,小说永别了，武器的主要内容。第二部分主要介绍永别了，武器的写作背景及中西方文学学者的研究成果。第三部分主要是通过主人公的相关分析以及当时的社会背景来了解海明威的女性意识。第四部分是论文的结论，虽然海明威的作品通常都以硬汉形象和冰山风格为人们所熟知，但是仍能窥视其女性意识。关键词：海明威；文学作品；女性意识；自我认识iABSTRACTHemingway is one of the most famous American writer in the 20th century. He created a large number of immortal works.Hemingways important status and the outstanding contribution is well known.He was known for his special writing style,that is he always focus on male world;deliberate male nature;shape the Code Hero.In proportion to this relative to the female characters seems to be the foil.However ,in the further research,we could found he also portray many impressive female characters in his literary works. Through the analysis of the female characters in the literature,it is not difficult to find that Hemingways female consciousness.As the male characters in his works,the female characters all have complex personality.This paper try to study this novel from his perspective of female consciousness.Consists of the following four parts.The first part is introduction, introduces Hemingways background, and the main content of the novel a farewell to arms.The second part is mainly introduce the novel s writing background and the research achievements of predecessors.The third part mainly through analysis the heros correlation as well as the social background of that time to get the known of Hemingways female consciousness.The fourth part the papers conclusion. although Hemingways works are usually well known for the tough guy image and iceberg style, we still can peep at the female consciousness.Key words: Ernest Hemingway.Literary works, Female consciousness ,self-knowledge ii外国语学院英语专业2016届毕业论文Introduction Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, as well as the veterans of World War One later known as the Lost Generation, as described in his posthumous memoir A Movable Feast. He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway crated so many typical characters that he was highly evaluate by the reader s over the world for his implied, concise and iceberg theory, the unique narrating style and lots of heroes.But some person said that “ of the many people he created in his books, Hemingway was his own best creation.”12Hemingways distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement, in contrast to the style of his literary rival William Faulkner. It had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing. His protagonists are typically stoic men who exhibit an ideal described as “grace under pressure.”Many of his works are now considered canonical in American literature. Hemingways novel, A Farewell to Arms, is often regarded as his best artistic achievement. It was certainly his greatest commercial success to date with 80,000 copies sold within the first four months. The money earned for the novel, though, came too late to prevent his father from committing suicide due to financial stress and a losing struggle with diabetes. The novel established Ernest Hemingway as the literary master of a style that was characterized by brisk assertive staccato, or crisp precise prose. The novel also gave rise to the infamous myth of Hemingway as the epitome of American machismo. This owed as much to the popularity of his novel and his friendship with Gary Cooperwho played Frederic Henry in the film version of the novelas it did to Hemingways own heroism. The book is the story of a young American named Frederic Henry who volunteers for service with the Italian army in World War I and falls in love with his English nurse, with whom he deserts from the retreating Italian front. Having escaped to Switzerland, they live in harmony until the tragic end of her pregnancy, during which both she and the child die. Much has been said about the prose style Hemingway used and a great debate has been waged over whether the novel is about machismo and the sex object, Catherine Barkley. However, A Farewell to Arms is not a novel glorifying war. Instead, it is a tragic love story whose farewell is from Frederic to the woman whose arms held sanity in the crazy world of the Great War. The female consciousness was put forward by a new movement of global women entrepreneurs ,that are actively resurging the promotion of the triplet aspirations of inalienable rights,life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness all over again but this time as a learning process for feminine prosperity around the world rather than as a political revolution to reduce inequities and improve lives, though the meaning is the same.It grew out of the consciousness leaping of women as a group in society with subservient roles to men to that of equals. 1. Literature Review1.1 The background of Ernest Miller Hemingway and his A Farewell to ArmslErnest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) was one of the most outstanding writers in the history of American literature.“Even those who have never read a word he has written,in school or collage or on their own, are aware of his presence in the world of celebrity -a rugged macho figure called Papa with a signature white beard.”7His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929).A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. The book, published in 1929, is a first-person account of American Frederic Henry, serving as a Lieutenant in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army. The title is taken from a poem by 16th-century English dramatist George Peele.The novel is divided into five books. In the first book, Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver serving in the Italian Army is introduced to Catherine Barkley, an English nurse, by his good friend and fellow paramedic Rinaldi. Frederic attempts to seduce her, and their relationship begins. Frederic didnt want a serious relationship, but his feelings for Catherine slowly started to grow. On the Italian front, Frederic is wounded in the knee by a mortar and sent to a hospital in Milan, where Catherine is also sent. The second book shows the growth of Frederic and Catherines relationship as they spend time together in Milan over the summer. Frederic and Catherine fall in love as Frederic slowly healed. After his knee healed, he is diagnosed with jaundice but is soon kicked out of the hospital and sent back to the front after being discovered with alcohol. By the time he is sent back, Catherine is three months pregnant. In the third book, Frederic returns to his unit, and soon discovers morale had severely dropped. Not long afterwards the Austrians break through the Italian lines in the Battle of Caporetto, and the Italians retreat. Due to a slow and hectic retreat, Frederic and his men go off trail and quickly get lost, a frustrated Frederic kills a sergeant for insubordination. After catching up to the main retreat, Frederic is taken to a place by the battle police, where officers are being interrogated and executed for the treachery that supposedly led to the Italian defeat. However, after seeing and hearing that everyone interrogated has been killed, Frederic escapes by jumping into a river and soon heads to Milan to find Catherine only to discover that she was sent to Stresa. In the fourth book, Catherine and Frederic reunite and spend some time in Stresa before Frederic learns he will soon be arrested, he and Catherine then flee to Switzerland in a rowboat.After interrogation by Swiss authorities, they are allowed to stay in Switzerland. In the final book, Frederic and Catherine live a quiet life in the mountains until she goes into labor. After a long and painful birth, their son is stillborn. Catherine begins to hemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Frederic to return to their hotel in the rain.1.2 The previous research results of the Novel The study of A Farewell to Arms is very much,Foreign scholars study of Hemingways works from the early era of social and historical criticism, special background,mid to the analysis of the symbolism and narrative art,late to existential interpretation.Literary analysis almost contain every aspect of A Farewell to Arms.20th century American literary critic Edmund Wilson (Edmund Wilson, 1895), through comprehensive study of Hemingways legendary life experiences, found that all of Hemingways work is only one theme, that is personal heroism.In the 60 s and s70s, literary critics trying to use existential philosophy as a guide to reveal Hemingways theme of the novel.British critics, o. Bates (H.E.B ates 1905) says all of Hemingways novels that only one theme, that is how modern humans face of ubiquitous emptiness and death in this world which full of war, violence, fear, confusion and despair .a farewell to armsis also the Hemingway Code Heroes fear and escape of death and nothingness.and its also show Hemingways attitude of hatred and disgust towards the war.In 2015, writer mainly studies aspect is the fine part of Hemingways works ,Such as the grammar mistakes.But few foreign writers focus on female consciousness in Hemingways war novels，This is still needs to be filled on the foreign literature. In the 20th century ,Chinese scholars on the study of Hemingways works usually focus on the tough guy spirit and style of iceberg，In the 60 s and 70 s they turn to research the theme of his works. One theory is that the theme is Lost.Hemingway is a representative of the lost generation writers,Especially the novel a farewell to arms push lost generation of literature to the peak.Chinese scholars Wang Xiaoyan in her voice of the lost generation says his work is heavy loss and tragedy in color as the highest peak of lost generation of literature.Tough guy image in Hemingways works is already familiar of all the readers.In recent years, however, the view of nature, ecological consciousness and female consciousness are get more and more attention at academic circles.Luoting -our countrys famous scholars have an in-depth study in her studies of Feminist Literature and the European and American Literature (2002) . In addition, Ma Yurong (2008), Shi Guangqing, Zhang Jingpin (2009)all have a future research about it . Now ,Hemingways works of female consciousness is a popular of the graduate student do the research object .As Zhao Yujun (2004) pointed out: in the patriarchal social system , Hemingway as a male writer, his female consciousness can be natural outpouring, this attitude and feeling certainly related with the writers own experience, also reflects the era background and history.On the one hand, Ernest Hemingway, in his novel show the distinctive female consciousness,not only he has successfully shaped a mans ideal woman,but also he outline the new female image who further define the modern society beyond the patriarchal cultural norms, and has the pursuit of self value .This paper, on the other hand, The struggle and awakening of female consciousness reveals the mainstream of the social ideological trend, the desolate and decadent spirit of Lost Generation , reflects Hemingways deep concern for people and society.Through the interpretation of female consciousness in Hemingways works,I wish it can help more readers a better understanding of Hemingways works and to know n the history of the society at that time. 2. Analysis about Hemingways female consciousness As a matter of fact, Hemingway had showed his sympathy and admiration to woman in his early writings.2 Rome was not built in a day, and Hemingways female consciousness did not accomplish at one stroke.There are four part of the causes.2.1 .1 Social factorsIn the early 20th century, women s self consciousness had gradually improved .Women s social status, economic status and political status had improved through the gender wars, Especially for the political right to vote.Women began to wear short skirt,cut short hair,smoke and drive.From now on,women began to pursue their own free life. 2.1.2 Family factorsFamilies can have a significant impact on a person.Hemingway s mother is a feminist activists.Her pursuit of music left a very deep impression on the young boy.To her point of view,women should have their own free space.When men drum up their business,women can also go after their own achievements.When his mother married to his father,she did not give up her pursuit of music.For her own daughter,Hemingway smother let her to experience the life as a men.Hemingway also influenced by this thought.2.1.3 Other factors The women he experienced has profound influence on his character creation,Hemarried four times in his lifetime.All Hemingways wives are the new woman to who have independent character with different degree of masculinity.In Hemingways works,Manyfemale images have their prototype, they have a closely related with Hemingway in life,Hemingways attitude toward them as well as the women in his works. Hemingway sview of women is the product of the era background and his life experience.His lifeexperiences, the world outlook, the values determined his views on women. on thecontrary, his views of women also influenced his thinking mode, personal life and literarycreation .His first lover-Agnes is his creative inspiration of a farewell of arms. They met inthe Italian hospital,Hemingway was 19 years old at that time,Agnes is a nurse. Henry inthe novel has a deep feeling of Catherine which is the image of Hemingway s felling ofthe female nurse.2.2 Hemingways female consciousness2.2 .1The definition of female consciousnessThe female consciousness is a collection of social theories, political movements,and moral philosophies largely motivated by or concerned with the liberation ofwoman.In simple terms,feminism is the belief in social, political and economic equality of the sex, and a moment organized around the belief that gender should not be the per-determinant factor shaping a persons social identity or social political or economic inequality between sex which favors the male gender,some have argued that gender and sex identities,such as “man”and “woman” are socially constructed.The female consciousness is womans self-consciousness of status, influence and value as the subject world. It is a personal motive to stimulate womans pursuit for independence, freedom, initiative and creativity.Concretely speaking, the female consciousness means women wake up and fulfill their historical missions, social responsibilities,personal obligations, meanwhile they know their self-features well and take part in social activities in their own ways.2.2.2 The development of the