高考英语 专题30 新题型 阅读表达、阅读简答 【更多资料关注微博@高中学习资料库 】.doc

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题30 新题型阅读表达、阅读简答（教师版）【考点定位】 2014考纲解读和近几年考点分布从近几年的山东、天津高考阅读表达题来看，该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。其命题特点是：1.阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，文章长度大致相同或比传统的阅读短文略短，总阅读量不会太大（约200300词）。2.生词量较大，有许多超“标”词汇，要求考生凭借上下文语境及生活常识予以推测感知。3.语篇意识和思维灵活性有所强化，文章的结构层次性更强。阅读表达题型具有多样性，概括起来一般采用以下7种形式：问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best title of the passage?What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage?Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you ?What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类,问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列.其他类型的题目属于不确定题型,是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的,与以上六种题型不同的问题类型.为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间,在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求(翻译句子题除外).【考点pk】 名师考点透析高考题型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(within 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.(Please answer within 6words.)解题策略:整体理解,仔细推敲,注意上下文的逻辑性,关注文中表示对比、转折、递进、并列、因果等关系的关联词;分析句子结构,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空;把握作者的思路,简练表达,切忌偏离主题、断章取义;放回原文中检查,确保上下文连贯,语法正确。考点三、翻译句子该题型要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。高考题型:You are perfectly within the bounds of po-liteness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解题策略:分析把握句子结构;遵循忠实通顺的原则,表达完整;注意英汉语序的差异,译文要求符合汉语表达习惯;翻译关键词;语言简练。考点四、英文释义该题型要求根据所给的英文释义句子,在短文中寻找相同的句子。此类试题较简单,相当于传统阅读理解中的转换理解,答案较固定。一般出题方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the following one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results from our inability sort out e-mails.考点六、开放型问题该题型要求学生结合个人的观点、态度进行表述。一般出题方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think.?Which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解题策略:面对该类题型,学生可以依据自己的看法结合原文理解作出回答,注意扬长避短,避难就易。考点七、其他题型除了上述较为常见的题型外,高考命题人员还有可能根据阅读理解文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）【三年高考】 10、11 、12高考试题及其解析1.(2013湖南卷)Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.While there is no widely accepted definition of MOOCs, their key features are open access：they are currently free to participants, no entry qualifications are required, they support an unlimited number of participants and as yet, very few include any form of accreditation (认证).Currently offered by some famous universities, MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial resources to meet the growing costs of university education, or who do not have formal qualifications. They also allow participants to study at their own pace.The potential for MOOCs to deliver education is obviously vastthey could be considered as a huge step forwards in widening participation. They also have the potential to provide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses, they may attract some participants to register for formal fee-paying programmes at the same or other universities and are likely to promote new ways of on-line education.However, it is still very early days for MOOCs. The quality of the education provision is highly variable, with many courses offering only recordings of lectures, and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields that require practical classes, research projects or extensive library access. Besides, wider engagement with participants requires very considerable resource. Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.Considering the challenges, some people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate (蒸发). But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education, are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands, and are well worthy of serious consideration. (271 words) free participation at present 72. _ for entry qualifications support of countless participants rare inclusion of accreditation being attractive to people who 73. _ university education or who have 74. _ being flexible in the study pace widening participation significantly 76. _ a unique window on universities attracting students to register for formal progarmmes promoting on-line educationKey featuresAttractions75. _77. _ highly variable quality of the education provision 78. _ of some special courses demand for very considerable resourceThe future uncertainty possibly 79._ certainty widening higher education raising awareness of universities being well worth 80. _ seriouslyTitle：71. _【考点定位】：【解析】：【考点定位】：【解析】：【考点定位】：【解析】：【考点定位】：【考点定位】：76. 【考点定位】：【考点定位】：【考点定位】：【解析】：【考点定位】：【解析】：【考点定位】：Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.“Lets Talk”：The Free Advice ProjectA few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from herbut she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project.Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New Yorkwhere it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)81. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks) _82. What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks) _83. According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)_84. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks) _81. She was giving free advice.82. They expect her to listen and provide real answers.83. They should talk things out.84. She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.2.（2013江西）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。1 Fishing is probably the worlds most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.2 Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类).3 Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation (食宿) and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.4 Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near - except for the smell of the bait !5 Those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.6 Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.76.What is the main idea of the passage ? (no more than 4 words)_77.According to Paragraph 2 , why does fishing cause little danger to the species ?(no more than 8 words)_78.List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing. (no more than 7 words)_79.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words.Those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans.80.What does the word “which” (Line 1, Paragraph6) probably refer to ? (no more than 3 words)_3.(2013山东卷)第一节 阅读表达 （第76、77、80题每题3分，第78题4分，79题2分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题，交答案与在答题卡相应的位置上（请注意76、77、79和80四个小题后面的词数要求）。1 Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”2But money _. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Gettys children had very happy lives. 3Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills. 4 In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Gettys son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest. 5 Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art. 76. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)_77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)_78. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3. _79. What did the kidnappers do to Gettys family (no more than 10 words)_80. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)_【要点综述】此文讲诉了百万富翁Jean Paul Getty关于钱的态度和处理方式。76.【答案】Getty was a self-made millionaire./ Getty became rich through his own efforts.【解析】主旨概括题。第一段话主要介绍了他通过自己的努力成为百万富翁。文中提示的关键语句有“He became a millionaire”“Getty made his millions alone”“ The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”。77.【答案】did not buy happiness for Getty【解析】信息补全题。需补全的这个句子实质上是段落主题句。阅读本段信息：结婚离婚五次；很少与五个孩子一起；他的那些孩子也没幸福的生活。据此可知，空白处应该归纳本段大意，即：钱没有给Getty买来幸福。78.【答案】Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money.【解析】同义置换题。需要注意短语in spite of的解释，可以将其转换为though或although等表让步的连词；great wealth即rich或wealthy之意；且根据后文的叙述可以推测miser为“舍不得花钱的人；守财奴”等之意。79.【答案】They took Gettys grandson and asked for money.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段话“kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return”可知答案。80.【答案】Getty made a great contribution to the art world.【解析】主旨概括题。本段叙述了他开了博物馆，买了艺术作品；再根据末句“Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art”可知本段主要讲述了Getty将他的财富捐献给了艺术世界。4.(2013天津)4、 阅读表达 My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind,Curiosity. I couldnt want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind.” Five months later, my mon received a phone call,and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face. On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA. Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.Shed tell me stories and point out the stars,Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there, yet there was so much I didnt know about them.Thats what I love so much about space. People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares.My answer is simple because were curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon.56. How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)57. Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)58. What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)59. What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)60. In your opinion,why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)56.【答案】By reading a Time for Kids magazine. Or: From a Time for Kids magazine【解析】根据文章第一段第二句话Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a Time for Kids magazine可知答案。57. 【答案】She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”. Or: “Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.【解析】题干关键信息为a front-row seat in NASA告诉我们答案在第四段，根据第四段the rover named Curiosity并结合第二段中的Curiosity is an可知答案。58.【答案】She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about stars. Or: Her grandma told her stories about stars. Or: They sat together talking about stars.【解析】根据文章倒数第二段I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. Shed tell me stories and point out the stars可知答案。59.【答案】Stay/ Remain/ Live/ Hide【解析】结合语境：我们人类不能老呆在一个地方。60.【答案】Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inventions. Or: With Curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown. Or: Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.【解析】开放型问题。读懂文章，不难回答，回答时需把握文章主题，并进行概括提炼，合理回答。2012高考英语试题【2012山东卷】阅读表达（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上（请注意76至79四个小题后面的词数要求）。1 Ashley Powers mother bo