高中一年级英语选修5第三单元语法.ppt

M5u3Grammarandusage Verb edformVerb edphrasesVerb ingandverb edusedasadjectives LiuXiangisaplayer love bymanythousandsoffans Unluckily hegot injure inthegame in2012LondonOlympics The surprise newsgotacrosstotheworldandhisfanswere disappoint toseeit buttheystillwishedhimahappylife loved injured surprising disappointed 注意过去分词做定语的位置 abrokenwindow apollutedriver alightedcandle 一支点燃的蜡烛 一个醉鬼 adrunken drunkman 一 过去分词作定语 1 前置定语 归纳1 单个的过去分词作定语时 通常放在被修饰的名词 之前 1 2012湖南 23 Time correctly ismoneyinthebank A touseB usedC usingD use 2 2011福建卷 TsinghuaUniversity in1911 ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures foundB foundingC foundedD tobefounded awoman 穿着白色衣服的 dressedinwhite apicture 齐白石画的 paintedbyQiBaishi 一 过去分词作定语 2 后置定语 归纳2 过去分词短语作定语 通常放在被修饰的名词 之后 Thefunctionsofverb edform 1 attribute 定语 当V ed在句中放在名词前或名词后修饰名词 功能上相当于adj 其作用相当于定语从句 Weshoulddrinkboiledwater Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce Thenamementionedintheletterwasunknowntome Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire 2 v ed短语放在名词之后 功能上相当于adj 可用逗号隔开 其作用相当于非限定性定语从句 Thebooks writtenbyLuXun arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople Thebooks whichwerewrittenbyLuXun arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople Themeeting attendedbyonethousandstudents wasasuccess Themeeting whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents wasasuccess 3 一般来说 及物动词形成的过去分词是表被动意义 passivemeanings 而不及物动词的过去分词是表主动意义但动作已经完成 activeandpastmeanings theescapedcriminal past thedevelopedcountries past awidelyusedlanguage passive theretiredscientist past 4 Adv n 可放在过去分词前 构成复合词 aso calledprofessor ahighly respectedprofessor awell paidjob 一个所谓的教授 极受尊重的教授 报酬颇丰的工作 handmadefurniture 手工制作的家具 anewly marriedcouple 一对新婚夫妇 2 v ed用在系动词 link verbs 之后 作表语 predicative 系动词的分类 似乎类 感觉类 变成类 仍然类 基本形式 be am is are seem appear look feel sound smell taste become go get grow fall turn remain stay keep MygrandfatherwasdelightedtohearIpassedmyexams 2 Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung 3 Thelittleboylookedveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty 1 Theywere tohearthe news delight 2 Theteacherannouncedthe newswithan voice excite delighted delighting excited exciting V ing与V ed作表语的区别 归纳 V ing表示 令人 的 说明的是逻辑主语本身的特性 V ed表示 人 感到 的 1 往往指人的心理感受 2 说明的是逻辑主语因受外界的影响而起的变化 区别 3 Therewasa surprise lookonhisface surprised 4 Whenhelookedatthe problem hehada confuse expressiononhisface confusing confused 注意 有些动词如surprise confuse worry embarrass frighten等常用过去分词来修饰人的表情 声音等 anembarrassedlook 2 表示 感觉流露 的一些过去分词 如 surprised excited frightened shocked 和一些过去分词 如dressed drunk well known 常用作表语 表示状态 其中有些仅表示状态 毫无被动意味 Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult He squiteexperiencedinteachingmath bedressedinbeinterestedinbeworriedaboutbeabsorbedin 短语积累 A Thelibraryisclosed B Thelibraryisclosedatsix C Thelibraryisclosedbytheteacher 3 区别 系动词 过去分词 是系表结构还是被动语态 系表结构 被动语态 被动语态 归纳 1 系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态 强调主谓关系 此时相当于一个形容词 归纳 2 被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者 强调动宾关系 后面常跟by短语来表示 有具体的时间 表示当时的动作 1 Ihadmyhaircutyesterday 1 在使役动词后面make get have 宾 宾补 v ed 3 PastparticiplesusedastheObjectComplement 宾语补足语 2 Theteacherspokeslowlyandclearlytomakehimselfunderstood 2 在感观动词后面做宾补see hear feel watch notice find 宾 宾补 v ed Shefoundthedoorlocked 1 她发现门锁上了 2 Wesawthethief 我们看见小偷被警察抓住了 caughtbythepolice Isawherintotheclassroom 正进入教室come Isawherintotheclassroom 进了教室come Isawhertheclassroom 被带出教室takeoutof coming come takenoutof 过去分词 不定式 现在分词作宾补的区别 过去分词强调与宾语之间的关系 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的 现在分词强调与宾语之间的关系 正在进行 被动 全过程 主动 1 2012四川 12 Beforedrivingintothecity youarerequiredtogetyourcar A washedB washC washingD towash 2 2011浙江卷 14 Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves forwords A loseB lostC toloseD havinglost 3 2012浙江 11 It ssuchaniceplace Mothersaidasshesatatthetable forcustomers tobereservedB havingreservedC reservingD r