福建师范大学在职攻读教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试.doc

福建师范大学在职攻读教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试翻译与写作考试大纲总则翻译与写作为教育硕士专业学位学科教学（英语）专业研究生入学考试课程之一，翻译与写作考试大纲是翻译与写作课程命题的依据。本大纲是根据国务院学位委员会颁布的关于设置和试办教育专业硕士学位的几点意见等文件的精神，参照高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲、高校英语专业四级考试大纲（2004年新版）和高校英语专业八级考试大纲（2004年新版），并考虑到教育专业硕士学位课程班考生的特点编写而成。一、考试目的本考试的目的是检测教育硕士专业学位学科教学（英语）专业研究生是否达到本考试大纲所要求的翻译与写作应该达到的水平。二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者翻译与写作能力的常模参照性考试。考试的范围包括大纲所规定的翻译与写作方面的技能以及全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲词汇表规定的5500个左右的词汇量要求。三、考试时间与对象翻译与写作考试与教育学、心理学、英语二等课程的考试均安排在每年10月底或11月初。考试对象为报考教育硕士专业学位学科教学（英语）专业研究生的考生。四、考试形式闭卷笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分，其中翻译50分，写作50分。为了较好地考核考生运用语言技能的综合能力尤其是翻译与写作能力，考试全部采用主观试题。五、考试内容I. 翻译（Translation）1. 测试要求：(1) 能运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译一段150左右单词的中外报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著片段。速度约为每小时250个英文单词。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。(2) 能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译一段150左右汉字的我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度约为每小时250个汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。2. 测试形式：本部分为主观试题，分两个项目。考试时间90分钟。共50分。Section A: From English to Chinese将一段150个左右英文单词组成的段落译成汉语。共25分。Section B: From Chinese to English将一段150个左右汉字组成的段落译成英语。共25分。3. 测试目的：翻译部分测试学生英汉互译的能力，考核学生掌握相关翻译策略和技巧的程度。既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。翻译速度为每小时200250个单词或汉字。4. 选材原则：(a) 题材广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等。(b) 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、广告、说明书等。(c) 关键词汇基本上不超出全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲词汇表规定的范围。5. 翻译评分原则和方法1. 如果段落译文明显扭曲原文意思，该部分得分最高不超过5分（满分25分）。2. 如果考生就一个句子提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有误，按错误译法评分。3. 中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣1分，无0.5扣分。II. 写作（Writing）1. 测试要求：能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写出两篇共450个单词以上的作文，能做到内容切题，充实完整、语言通顺、条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，用词恰当、表达得体。2. 测试形式：本部分为主观试题，由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。考试时间90分钟。共50分。A节：考生根据所给情景写出150个单词左右的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。总分20分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇300个单词以上的作文，提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图表等。总分30分。3. 测试目的：写作部分测试学生应用文、说明文和议论文写作的能力，考核学生掌握相关写作知识和技巧的程度。既要求达意、无误、得体，也要求一定的速度。4. 写作评分原则、方法和标准（一）评分原则和方法1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同（如下文所述），但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B节B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2、评分时，先根据文章内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。3、A节作文的字数要求是150词左右，B节作文的字数要求是300词以上。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。（二）一般评分标准第五档A节（18-20分）B节（27-30分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。* 包含所有内容要点；* 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；* 语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；* 有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；* 格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档A节（16-18分）B节（24-26分）较好地完成了试题规定的任务。* 包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点；* 使用教丰富的语法结构和词汇；* 语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；* 采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；* 格式与语域较恰当。对目标读者产生了预期的效果。第三档A节（12-15分）B节（18-23分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。* 虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；* 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；* 有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；* 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；* 格式与语域基本合理。对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。第二档A节（8-11分）B节（12-17分）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。* 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；* 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；* 有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；* 未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性；* 格式与语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给目标读者。第一档A节（1-7分）B节（1-11分）未完成试题规定的任务。* 明显遗漏掉主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；* 语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；* 语法错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；* 未使用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；* 无格式与语域概念。未能传达信息给目标读者。零档（0分）所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。福建师范大学在职攻读教育硕士专业学位研究生入学考试翻译与写作考试样题I. Translation (50 points)Section A: From English to ChineseDirections: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (25 points)As human society entered the 21st century, we started a new phase of development for building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up socialist modernization. The international situation is undergoing profound changes. The trends toward world multipolarization and economic globalization are developing amidst twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing rapidly. Competition in overall national strength is becoming increasingly fierce. Given this pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will fall behind. Our Party must stand firm in the forefront of the times and unite with and lead the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing the three major historical tasks: to propel the modernization drive, to achieve national reunification and to safeguard world peace and promote common development, and in bringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on its road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is a grand mission history and the era have entrusted to our Party.Section B: From Chinese to EnglishRead the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (25 points)扩大就业是我国当前和今后长时期重大而艰巨的任务。各级政府必须广开就业门路，积极发展劳动密集型产业。对提供新就业岗位和吸纳下岗失业人员再就业的企业给予政策支持。引导全社会转变就业观念，推行灵活多样的就业形式，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业。完善就业培训和服务体系，提高劳动者就业技能。依法加强劳动用工管理，保障劳动者的合法权益。II. Writing (50 points)Section AYou live in a room in a college where you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He / She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons.You should write about 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Section BIt has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Whats your opinion?You should write more than 300 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)翻译与写作参考答案I. 翻译（Translation）（50分）Section A（25分）当人类社会跨入二十一世纪的时候，我国进入全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的新的发展阶段。国际局势正在发生深刻变化。世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势在曲折中发展，科技进步日新月异，综合国力竞争日趋激烈。形势逼人，不进则退。我们党必须坚定地站在时代潮流的前头，团结和带领全国各族人民，实现推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展这三大历史任务，在中国特色社会主义道路上实现中华民族的伟大复兴。这是历史和时代赋予我们党的庄严使命。Section B（25分）The task of increasing employment is arduous now and will remain so for a long time to come. Governments at all levels must take it as their major obligation to improve the business environment and create more jobs. We should open up more avenues for employment and develop labor-intensive industries. We should give policy support to enterprises that increase jobs or reemploy laid-off workers. We should help the general public to change their mentality about employment, introduce flexible and diverse forms of employment and encourage people to find jobs on their own or become self-employed. We should improve the system of pre-job training and employment services and raise workers skills for new jobs. We should strengthen employment management in accordance with law, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers.II. 写作（Writing）（50分）Section A （20分）Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him, for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments. I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely,Kennedy（157 words）Section A （30分） For over 30 years, a number of countries have been involved in the exploration of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course. Has this money been well-spent or wasted? Some people believe that all or most space research should be eliminated because of its incredible expense, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of scientific and human resources. These people point out the fact that it cost billions of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were some worthless rocks. These people say that the money and effort now being wasted in outer space could be spent for homeless people, improving the education system, saving the environment, and finding cures for diseases. However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, from personal computers to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried