1初中英语状语从句(推荐).doc

初中英语状语从句 【考点直击】 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, because, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As比较than, (not)asas,时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as的区别：when既可以指时间点,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着或一边一边之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成由于；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：一就：the minute, the moment, the second， 例如：It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)、but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8. 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever 无论哪里, anywhere 任何地方, everywhere 每个地方 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. A new school will be built where it was a shopping center. Wherever you go, you should work hard.【实例解析】1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2. (2004年江西省中考试题) -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。3. (2004年徐州市中考试题) None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。4. (2004年泉州市中考试题) -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。一、时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当。的时候mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while当。时he visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在。的同时；一边。一边。he smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在。之后he left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在。之前mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as 一。就。we began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。i will write to you as soon as i get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自。以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。they walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。xiao ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9. by the time 到。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)by the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。by the time i got to school, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。难点as when while的辨析as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。一边的意思as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 用于发生时间较短时when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。2、whenand then; at that moment (正在那个时候)while 1、用于时间较长时2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。lit was raining hard when (as) i got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)lwhen i had read the article, he called me.我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )lwhen i got to the cinema, the film had begun.(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)lhe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替 ) 考点lshe thought i was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, i was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它) 考点lwhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)考点lmother was worried because little alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)知识扩展1. it is since从。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)it is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2. it is +before(。才)it was a long time before i went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。it was an hour before(until) the police arrived.过了一个小时，警察才来。二、条件状语从句要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。1.if it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.you will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.i will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.you will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=if you dont leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.he will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.一般将来时， 一般现在时They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week.一般将来时, 一般现在时 考点三、原因状语从句要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导1.i didnt go to school yesterday because i was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。2. since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.3. as you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.4.i asked her to stay to tea, for i had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.难点because , since , as , for,辨析在语气上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 时只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 进一步说明.(译为：由于，既然). for 被认为是复合句的并列连词(常用于推断),表示理由.四、地点状语从句要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导.知识扩展1.where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(谚语)1.it will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)2.wherever you go , i go too.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。3.wherever there is smoke , there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4. while she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman. 疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语. 考点五、目的，结果状语从句要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。结果状语从句由连词( so )that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat引导。1.sothat 如此以至于the scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。he always studied so hard that he made great progress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2.so that 以至, 以便ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。i opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。3. suchthat 如此。以至its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.in order that=so that:为了we shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)难点+形容词或副词+形+a(an)+单数可数名词so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that+much或 little+不可数名词 lso that ,suchthat 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 (见例句 2, 5 ) lso +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. lthe weather is so nice that id like to take a walk. 天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. lmike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他(=mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 考点live had so many falls that im black and blue all over.我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.lthere are so few notebooks that i cant give you any.笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.lit is such nice weather that id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 考点六、让步状语从句要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.难点：lthough, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. although,(though)but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)yet(still)的格式是正确的.lwrong: although he is rich but he is not happy.right : although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.lright : although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.right : although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although, though 辨析although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.lhe is looking fit, though.但是,他看上去很健康. 考点leven though i didnt under a word, i kept smiling.尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。lhe is quite experienced, he is young, though.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。七、比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级1. asas 和。一样jack is as tall as bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2. not so(as)as 和不一样she is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级morethan (更)this book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级1.the mostin/ofthis book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。 2. the + 形容词+estof/inthis road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展lno more than只不过(嫌少的意思)i have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。its no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。lnot more than不如。；(前者不如后者)jack is not more diligent than john.捷克不如约翰勤奋。lone of the + 名词(复数).之一(用于最高级)han mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。 选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1.Jim spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich.2.Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3.-Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4.We wont have supper _my mother comes back.5.Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better.6. _ she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself.7.It is four years _I had left that small village.8. _the air moves, it is called wind.9.We will go to the park _it doesnt rain tomorrow.10._little boys did _much work.11.There are few new words in the passage _we cant understand it.12.Go back _you come from.13.He reached the station _the train had left.14.-Do you have a swimming pool? -No, we dont. At least, not _big _yours.15.Give me your paper _you have finished it.16.It is raining hard, _we have to stay at home.17. _you work harder, youll never pass the final exam.18.Look after te children _I am out.19.The village is _far away _I cant get there on foot.20.That is _an interesting book _I cant stop reading it.Keys: 1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. so that 6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do 11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so), as15.after 16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that练习一一. 单项填空1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong wi