宾语补足语的用法.ppt

宾语补足语的用法 英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明 S 主语 V 谓语 P 表语 O 宾语 O1 间接宾语 O2 直接宾语 C 宾语补足语 1 S十V句式Herunsquickly 他跑得快 2 S十V link 十P句式 Thestorysoundsinteresting 这个故事听起来有趣 3 S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear 他们去年建了一所房子 4 S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat hisseattome 他把座位让给我 5 S十V十O十C句式Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy Iwishyoutobehappy TheynamedtheboyCharlie IsawherchattingwithNancyHewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs Don tleavemebehind 在英语语言中 一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外 还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明 使其意义更加完整清楚 宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语 一 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有 1 名词 WeelectedSmithourchairman TheynamedthecityLeningrad AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy 注 常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有 call name elect make think appoint choose find consider keep wish feel等 这类动词后也可用先行词it做形式宾语 而把真正的宾语放到句子后面去 Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher 2 形容词 Hedyedherhairbrown Ithoughthersoniceandsincere 注 常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有 believe think get keep make find set like wish see consider prove have leave 以及paint drive turn cut等 一 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有 有时可用it做形式宾语 而把真正的宾语放到后面去 构成复合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句 Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear 主语 及物动词 宾语 现在分词 作补语 I msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin 加现在分词作宾补的动词有 see hear smell feel keep watch leave get catch imagine like start remember hate 主语 及物动词 宾语 过去分词 作补语 HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt WhenyouspeakEnglish besuretomakeyourselfunderstood 这类动词主要有 make keep leave feel find have hear watch see 4 动词不定式 Remindmetowritethatletter willyou Heurgedmetojointheircompany Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak 这类动词包括 advice get allow invite force oblige hate wish permit order bring注 在某些动词后 这类不定式只限用tobe这种形式Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited 主语 及物动词 宾语 不带to的不定式 作补语 Wecanletthisgoon IsawMartin sfacegopale 这类动词主要有 make let have saw hear noticewatch fell help这类词变被动的时候后面要加toHewasmadetorecitethewholepoem Hewasseentofall 6 此外 副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语 如 Whendoyouwantitback Whydidn tyouinvitethemin Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside 二 宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系 1 当名词 形容词 副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时 它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系 或称表语关系 若无宾语补足语 则句意不完整 宾语补足语说明宾语的情况 性质 特征 状态 身份或属类等 试比较 Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy Yourroomiscleanandtidy Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside Thechildrenareatplayoutside 二 宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系 3 当过去分词充当宾语补足语时 它与宾语之间有着动宾关系 即 宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者 如 IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese Ididn twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather 三 在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中 有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语 有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语 还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语 1 只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有 catch keep mind prevent stop smell excuse等 例如 Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette Hiswordsstartedmethinking 2 只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 wish desire expect love prefer trust encourage let allow permit mean lead bring put hurry cause remind ask invite beg request worry advise persuade callon tell order command require make force drive forbid warn help teach show assist report bear waitfor think take know judge consider suppose believe allow prove declare等 3 既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 see watch notice lookat observe listento hear feel have imagine discover like want understand hate get set leave等 四 使用不定式作宾语补足语时 不定式符号to的取舍问题 1 在hear listento let have make see watch notice observe等动词后的不定式需省去to 2 feel一词 跟tobe型不定式带to 跟todo型不定式不带to 3 help一词后的不定式 可带to 也可以不带to 请参见 动词不定式 一节 五 在复合宾语中 宾语通常为名词或代词 但有时也可以用不定式 短语 动名词 短语 或that从句来充当 这时 应使用先行it代替宾语 而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部 如 Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn tjoinus 注意 在这种结构中 宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词 常用于这种结构的动词有 feel find think make take judge consider等 Practice 单句改错 Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn tmakehimselfunderstand WeallelectedJasonthemonitor Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable understood to warm 5 Don tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth 6 Hepushedthedooropening 7 Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger 8 Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime 9 WhenIcamein Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor 10 Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished running open putting to hidden with Tellhim thewindow toshutnotB nottoshutC tonotshutD notshut2 There saholeinyourbag Iknow I mgoingtohaveit mendB mendingC mendedD tobemended3 Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister todayhewasmade byhislittlesister cry tocryB crying cryingC cry cryD tocry cry4 Theywouldnotallowhim acrosstheenemyline toriskgoingB riskingtogoC forrisktogoD riskgoing 单项选择 5 Ifoundthedoor whenIgothome openedB closeC unlockingD open6 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim nottoB nottodoC notdoD donotto7 Icouldn tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise goingonB goesonC wentonD togoon8 Withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled9 Iadvised atonce himtostartingB himtostartC tostartingD tostart 10 WhenIputmyhandonhischest Icouldfeelhisheartstill beatB tobebeatingC beatingD wasbeating11 Youhadbetterge