新目标英语中考第一轮复习八年级英语上册课本全册复习讲练案（48页推荐）

1 第 二 部分 新目标英语 八 年级 第 4 讲 Book 1 Units 1-3 1. hardly adv. 几乎不 ;几乎没有 e.g. I hardly know what to do. 我简直不知道做什么好了。 拓展 hardly 是一个否定副词，表示否定意义。它通常位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动 词、情态动词之后，常用来修饰表示能力的词，如 can, could, be able to 等，表示事实上不可能。句中有 hardly 就已经表示否定了，不再使用其他否定词。 e.g. It hardly rains here. 这里几乎不下雨。 hardly 用在反意疑问句中时，附加问句用肯定形式。例如： e.g. It hardly rains here, does it? 这里几乎不下雨，不是吗？ 辨析 hard 和 hardly. hard 和 hardly 形式上非常接近，但意义截然不同。 hard 既可作形容词又可作副词。 hard 作形容词时意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。 hard 作副词时意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。 e.g. This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动（ hard 作形容词）。 They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力地工作以求得成功。（ hard 作副词） hardly 是副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”。 almost 和否定词的组合可与 hardly互换。 e.g. Theres hardly any coffee left.=Theres almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。 2. time n. 次；次数 (可数名词 ) e.g. How many times do you watch TV a week? 你每周看几次电视？ 拓展 time n. 时间（不可数名词） e.g. What time is it now? 现在几点了？ 辨析 sometimes, some times, sometime 和 some time sometimes adv. 有时候。表示动作发生的频率，用于现在时态或过去时态。 e.g. He sometimes writes poems. 他有 时候写诗。 some times 好几次。表示动作发生的次数。 e.g. He has been to Shanghai some times. 他去过上海好几次了。 sometime adv.在某时；有朝一日。指将来或过去的一个不确定的时间。 e.g. Ill come to see you sometime next week. 我回在下周某个时候来看你。 some time 作名词词组时意为“一段时间”；作副词词组时指一个未定的时间，意为“某日；改日”，常与将来时态连用。 e.g. I waited for you some time. 我等了你有些时间了。 联想 与 time 相关的短语 many times 许多次 several times 几次 some times 几次 next time 下次 last time 上次 another time 另一次 3. help v. 帮助；协助 词汇过关 2 e.g. Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？ 拓展 help u. 帮助（不可数名词） with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助下。 e.g. With the help of her, I worked out the math problem. 在她的帮助下，我解出了这道数 学题。 联想 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境 cant/couldnt help doing 阻 止不了；控制不住 help yourself to 随便吃或喝 4. matter n. 事情；问题；差错 可数名词，其复数形式为 matters。 e.g. I have several important matters to ask you. 我有几件重要的事要问你。 拓展 matter v. 关系重大；要紧。常用于否定句和疑问句。 e.g. It doesnt matter. 没关系。 医生问诊常用语 Whats the matter (with sb.)? Whats the trouble? Whats wrong (with sb.)? Whats your trouble? 答语通常为 I have a headache/stomachache/cold.等。 联想 与 matter 相关的短语 （ be） the matter with sb./sth. （不幸、痛苦、问题等的）原因、理由 no matter what/which/who/where/when/how 无论什么（哪一个、谁、何处、何时、如何） 5. have v. 得（病）；患（病） have 后跟不定冠词和表示疾病的名词，表示患某种病，不能用于进行时态。 e.g. He has a bad cold. 他得了重感冒。 拓展 v. 拥有 e.g. Do you have a computer? 你有电脑吗？ v. 取得，吃喝玩乐 e.g. I had a cup of milk for breakfast this morning. 我今天早餐喝了一 杯牛奶。 v. 让，被 e.g. My father had me stay at home. 我爸爸让我呆在家里。 辨析 have 和 there be have 用来表示各种关系的“所有”，身上“具有（说明人或物的外观）”和整体与局部的“含有”。 e.g. I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。 Does the book have a red cover? 这本书有个红色的封面吗？ She has a ball. 她有一个球。 there be 表示 存在的关系，表示某处有某人或某物时常用这种句型。 e.g. There are two bikes under the tree. 树下有两辆自行车。 There are forty students in our class. 我们班上有 40 名学生。 3 There is a ball on the desk. 在桌子上有一个球。 There is going to be a football match between American and China in Beijing this evening. 今天晚上在北京将有一场中美足球赛。 在 there be 结构中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词往往和与之最近的主语在数上保持一致。 e.g. There is a pen, two pencils and four books on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和 4 本书。 There are two maps and a picture on the wall. 墙上有两幅地图和一幅图画。 当表示整体与局部的“含有”时或难以判断“有”是所属关系还是存在关系时，与均可使用。 e.g. A year has twelve months.=There are twelve months in a year. 联想 have to(客观 )/must(主观 ) 必须 had better (not) do 最好（不要）做某事 6. advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议 e.g. Can you give me some advice? 辨析 advice 和 advise advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议（不可数名词） e.g. Let me give your a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。 advise v. 劝告；忠告；建议 e.g. He advised me to stop smoking. 他建议我戒烟。 联想 give advice 提建议 take/follow ones advice 听从某人的劝告 ask for ones advice 征求某人的建议 advise sb. to do 建议某人去做某事 7. believe v. 相信；认为 其反义词为 disbelieve, believe 的名词形式为 belief， 意为“信仰；信条”。 e.g. I could hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不能相信我的眼睛。 We believe that he is a thief. 我们认为他是小偷。 拓展 believe 不用于进行时态，其后接宾语时通常用否定转移。 e.g. I dont believe he is at school. 我相信他没去上学。 辨析 believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话是真的）； believe in sb.信任某人。 e.g. I believe him, but I cant believe in him. 我相信他的话是真的，但我不信任他这个人。 8. show v. 出示；把拿给看。 show 可用于以下两种结构： show sb. sth. 和 show sth. to sb. e.g. Let me show you my new pictures.=Let me show my new pictures to you. 我把我的新 照片拿给你看看。 拓展 show 还有 “带某人到；送某人到”之意。 e.g. Youd better show her around our school.你最好带她看看我们的学校。 show 还可以用做名词，做“表演；展览”解。 e.g. fashion show 时装表演 联想 give sb. sth / give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 4 lend sb.sth / lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物 send sb. sth/ send sth. to sb 寄送 9. decide v. 决定 e.g. Ive decided to stay at home. 我已经决定呆在家里。 拓展 其名词形式为 decision,意为“决定；决心”。 make a decision 做决定。 decide to do sth. e.g. We decide to go to London next month. 我们决定下个月去伦敦。 decide 后还可跟“疑问词 +不定式”作复合宾语。 e.g. We cant decide where to go. 我们决定不了该去哪里。 decide on sth./ doing sth. e.g. Mary decided on that blue cap. 玛莉选定了那顶蓝色的帽子。 They decided on going boating. 我们决定去划船。 decide that 从句。 e.g. He decided that he would buy a new car. 他决定想买一辆新车。 联想 make up ones mind, settle, determine 决定；选定 10. forget v. 忘记；忘却 e.g. Ive forgotten what her name is. 我忘了她名字叫什么。 拓展 反义词为 remember。 辨析 forget to do sth.和 forget doing sth. forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（动作尚未发生）， 而 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（动作已经发生）。 e.g. Dont forget to turn off the light when you go out. 你出去时 ,别忘了关灯。 I forgot seeing you somewhere. 我忘记在哪里见过你了。 联想 remember to do sth. 记着去做某事 （动作尚未发生） remember doing sth 记着做过某事 （动作已经发生） 1 look after=take care of 照顾；照看 e.g. Please look after yourself and keep healthy. 请照顾好你自己，保持健康。 拓展 look at 看 look like 看起来像 look the same 看上去一样 look up 查找，（顺便）拜访 look for 寻找 look through 浏览 look down upon/on 轻视，看不起 look back 回顾，回忆 look over 仔细检查 look around 到处看看 look ahead 为将来考虑 look forward to 盼望，期待 短语突破 5 联想 care about 关心；在意 care for 照顾；喜欢 2 be good for, 对有好处（有益） e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。 辨析 be good for, be good to 和 be good at be good for 对有好处（有益），其反意短语为 be bad for。 e.g. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 电视看得太多对你的眼睛不好。 be good to 对好，其反意短语为 be bad to。 e.g. She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。 The boss is bad to his workers. 那个老板对他的工人不好。 be good at +doing sth / sth (某人 )在方面好；擅长，同义短语为 do well in, 其反义短语为 be weak in “在方面弱”。 e.g. She is good at English and Chinese.=She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语 和中文。 联想 be good with 意为 灵巧的 , 与 相处得好 。 e.g. She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。 He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。 3 lots of 许多 e.g. He has lots of friends. 他有许多好朋友。 辨析 a lot of, lots of , many, much 和 a lot a lot of=lots of 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，修饰可数名词时，可与 many 互换； 修饰不可数名词时，可与 much 互换。一般情况下， a lot of/lots of 用于肯定句。 many 用来修饰可数名词，表示数目，其反义词是 few； much 用来修饰不可数名 词，表示数量，其反义词是 little。 many 和 much 除用于肯定句外，还可用于否定句和疑问句。 e.g. I have a lot of/ lots of books, but I dont have many bookshelves. 我有许多书，但没 有许多书架。 a lot 意为“非常；十分”，相当于 much 或 very much。在句中作状语。 e.g. I felt a lot better. (a lot=much) 我感觉好多了。 I like bananas a lot. (a lot=very much) 我非常喜欢吃香蕉。 拓展 “许多”还可以表示为 a lot of, a large number of, plenty of 4 too much 太多 e.g. Maybe you have too much Yin. 或许你 吃了太多的阴性食品。 辨析 too much,和 much too too much 太多 ，可以作主语，宾语，表语或状语。作定语时，用来修饰不可数名词。 e.g. I have got too much work to do. 我有太多的工作要做。 much too太、非常、实在太 ，副词短语 , 用来修饰形容词和副词，但是不能用 来修饰动词。 e.g. Thats much too dear. 那太贵了。 联想 too many 太多 ,用来修饰可数名词复数。 e.g. They have too many rooms. 他们有太多的房子。 6 5 may be 可能是；也许是 e.g. This may not be enough money. 这点钱也许不够。 辨析 may be 和 maybe 在 may be 中， may 是情态动词， be 是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式 . e.g. He may be a soldier. 他可能是个军人。 maybe 是副词，意为“也许；可能”，在句中作状语，常位于句首。 e.g. Maybe Ill go this afternoon. 我可能今天下午去。 maybe 和 may be 可相互转换。 e.g. He may be in the office.=Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 联想 perhaps, probably 可能，大概，或许 6 go camping 去野营 e.g. We are going to go camping in Yellowstone Park in summer. 今年夏天我们打算去黄石公园野营。 拓展 “go+ v-ing 形式 表示体育运动或娱乐消遣，类似的短语有： go fishing 去钓鱼 go bike riding 骑自行车旅行 go sightseeing 去观光旅行 go hiking 远足旅行 go skating 去滑冰 go shopping 去购物 go swimming 去游泳 go hunting 去打猎 go boating 去划船 联想 go for a walk 去散步 go to bed/work/school 上床睡觉 /去上班 /上学 go on 继续 go over 认真看，复习 go through 排练，从头练习 go home 回家 Hows it going? 情况怎么样？ 1. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit. 因此或许我不是很健康，尽管我拥有一个健康的习惯。 精析 although 此处用作连 词，意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。含有 although引导的让步状语从句的复合句通常可以与 but 引导的并列句互换。 e.g. Although I have many friends, I feel a little lonely sometimes.= I have many friends, but I feel a little lonely sometimes. 尽管我有许多朋友，但是有时候我感到有点孤单。 拓展 although 或 though 和 but， because 和 so，在汉语上常成 对地出现，即“虽然 但是”，“因为 所以”，但是英语里不能这样连用。 e.g. Although my father is very busy, he helps me with my physics. 尽管我爸爸很忙，他还帮助我学习物理。 As I was ill, I didnt go to school. 由于生病，我不能上学。 2. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. 拥有一个健康的生活方式很容易，均衡饮食很重要。 精析 在该句中 , 两个 it 均用作形式主语，真正的主语分别是动词不定式短语 to have a 句型精析 7 healthy lifestyle 和 to eat a balanced diet。 Its +adj.+ to do sth.是一个常用句型，意为“做某事是的”。类似的结构还有： Its +adj.+ for sb. to do sth., 意为“对某人来说，做某事是（怎样的）”。 e.g. Its polite to greet your teachers when you meet them. 遇到老师时打招呼是有礼貌。 Its wrong to flight with others. 和别人打架是不对的。 拓展 由动词不定式、动名词或从句担任主语的句子（谓语动词通常用单数），常用 it来作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面。 e.g. It helps him a great deal meeting with people from different parts of the country. 接触来自全国各地的人对他帮助很大。 It is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。 此外， it 还可以做形式宾语。 e.g. I find it interesting to remember English words. 我发现记英语单词很有趣。 3. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期打算做什么？ 精析 询问对方对假期 的计划和安排，用现在进行时表明事情的发生已经有迹象可寻，或者已经做好了计划安排，不能轻易变动。一般情况下指的是比较近的 将来要发生的事情。 e.g. What are you doing tomorrow? 你明天打算干什么？ 拓展 表示将来的三种形式 用现在进行时表示将来。 e.g. We are going to the zoo next week. 下周我们打算去动物园。 用 be going to do 表示将来。 e.g. I am going to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名老师。 用“ will+动词原形”表示将来。 e.g. He will go to Paris next month.他下月要去巴黎。 4. Whats the matter? 怎么了？ 精析 常用来询问对方的病情或其他不好的情况，也可用 Whats wrong?来表示，如要说明对象，则需要介词 with。 5 Whats the weather like there? 那里的天气怎样？ 精析 Whats like? 是一个固定的句型，意思是“ 怎么样 ”，常用来询问“天气”，也可用来询问人的相貌和品行。 e.g. Whats your English teacher like? 你的英语老师怎么样？ 联想 类似的句型还有许多。 意思是“你觉得怎么样？” e.g. How do you like China? 你觉得中国怎么样？ Shes very great. 她太伟大了。 意思是“你认为怎么样？” e.g. What do you think of my singing? 你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样？ 意思是“怎么样？”“身体怎么样？” e.g. How is your brother? 你哥哥身体好吗？ How is the weather here in winter? 这里冬天的天气怎么样？ 8 . 单项选择： 1. _do you have a sports meeting? Twice a year. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How many 2. I think drinking milk is good _ our health. Yes, I agree _ you. A. for, with B. to, to C. with, to D. at, with 3. Whats the matter? _. A. Im sorry to hear that B. I did some washing this morning C. I left home after breakfast D. Im really tired 4. Could you come please? I want some help. _ . A. Yes, I could B. You are welcome C. Sure, Im coming now D. Thats right 5. He looks tired. I think hed better_ a rest. A. to have B. has C. had D. have 6. My grandpa cant hear clearly. Theres something wrong with his _. A. mouth B. eyes C. ears D. nose 7. Tom, if you _ so many mistakes, youll lose your job. A. will make B. made C. make D. makes 8. is very difficult for me to work out this math problem. A. It B. This C. That D. They 9. Lets go dancing tonight? Sorry, I _ . I have to go to a meeting. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. cant 10. Please dont be angry _ me. It wasnt my fault. A. for B. at C. with D. to .完型填空 Once there 1 a king. He liked 2 pictures. He always thought his 3 were wonderful. And he liked to show to his people who were 4 of him and said his pictures were very 5 . One day the king showed the pictures to a famous artist. He wanted the artist to say good of his pictures. But after 6 at them, the artist said the pictures were so bad that he would break them into pieces. The king got very 7 and threw him into prison(监狱 ). After a few days, the 8 showed some other pictures to him again. The artist looked at the pictures 9 a few seconds, turned to the guard (卫兵 )and said, Take me back to the 10 . ( ) 1. A. lives B. lived C. living D. live ( ) 2. A. drawing B. draw C. drew D. drawn ( ) 3. A. people B. sons C. pictures D. queen ( ) 4. A. kind B. afraid C. happy D. nice ( ) 5. A. well B. good C. better D. best ( ) 6. A. reading B. watching C. looking D. seeing ( ) 7. A. angry B. happy C. surprising D mad 中考演练 9 ( ) 8. A. king B. artist C. guard D. queen ( ) 9. A. with B. for C. on D. in ( ) 10. A. home B. palace C. prison D. hotel . 阅读理解 A man went to a fast-food restaurant to buy his lunch. Hi, a worker said, May I help you? Id like a hamburger, large chips and a coke. the man said. Anything else? the worker asked. No. the man answered. Thats it. Is that for here or to go? the worker asked. To go. the man said. The worker put the mans lunch in a bag. The man took out his money and paid for his lunch. Thank you, the worker said, have a nice day. The man took the bag and walked to a park. He sat down and opened the bag. He was surprised. There was no hamburger in the bag. There were no chips. There was no coke. There was only money in the bag-a lot of money! The man counted the money. Two thousand dollars! Why was the money in the bag? Where was the mans lunch? The manager of the fast-food restaurant needed to go to a bank. He put the envelop in a bag and put the bag down. The worker gave the managers bag to the man by mistake. So the manager had a hamburger, chips and a coke, and the man had two thousand dollars. What should the man do? ( ) 1. The man went to a restaurant to_. A. buy his lunch B. have a rest C. sell drinks D. cook food ( ) 2. The man wanted to have his lunch_. A. in a hotel B. in a shop C. in a restaurant D. in a park ( ) 3. When the man opened the bag, he found _in it. A. food B. drink C. money D. nothing ( ) 4. _couldnt find his money. A. The man B. The manager C. The worker D. Nobody .完成句子 从方框中选出适当的单词完成句子 1. Do you often brush your _ before you go to bed? 2. Katrina didnt come to school because she got a serious _. 3. Can you tell me the _ between look and see? 4. I can never _ meeting my school headmaster for the first time. 5. She often helps her mother _ her little sister. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 differences, teeth, babysit, illness, forget 10 1. My English writing is good, but I need to _ my listening skills. 2. Please tell me if you _ at King s party yesterday. 3. They spent much time _in Beijing this summer. 4. - What can I do for you? - Id like to buy a few kilos of _ 5. - Have you finished _ the newspaper? - No, not yet. .任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。 Eating habits (习惯 ) are different in different countries. The Chinese have a saying Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner. Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are different. Most Americans only give themselves a short time for lunch. So they eat a small lunch. After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family talking about their day is a way to take a good rest after a long, hard day of work. Eating at restaurants is also different. In China, people like to talk and laugh while eating. Very often you can hear people talking and laughing loudly, and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. They want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away from the noises of the outside world. If someone is talking too loudly, the manager (经理 ) of the restaurant will look at him or her angrily. If some people are talking too loudly, the manager of the restaurant may come out and ask them to be quiet. The title (标题 )of the text 1. Chinese Americans 2. for breakfast. Start the day with a good breakfast. Eat a big meal for lunch. 3. 4. at dinner. Prefer a big dinner at home or restaurant. 5. while eating at the restaurant. Like to eat far away from the noises. 补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选出恰当的语句认真填空，每句只能用一次。 A: 1 B: I am not feeling well. I have a cough. A: 2 B: Two days ago. A: Oh, thats too bad. 3 banana, have a good time, read, go sighting, improve 11 B: No, I didnt. A: I think you should go to see a doctor. 4 _ B: