解读在建筑施工现场管理的一些关键点分析中英文.doc

/ /解读在建筑施工现场管理的一些关键点分析中英文 施工现场管理直接影响着建筑的质量，是建筑工程管理的关键环节，随着市场经济的发展，土建施工管理不仅面向建筑质量进行管理强化，而且深入到人员控制、环境保护、以及建设成本等多方面。本文就土建施工工程现场管理的一些关键点进行分析探究。The construction site management directly affects the construction quality, is the key link of construction management, with the development of market economy, management of civil construction not only for the construction quality management, and further to the personnel control, environmental protection, and construction cost etc. This paper analyzes some key points of the construction site management engineering.建筑施工是建筑建设的关键环节，建筑施工质量、进度、成本等因素，不仅影响着建筑质量的实现，而且直接关乎土建商的企业利益，所以强化土建施工现场管理，坚持管理的经济性、有效性以及科学性是实现建筑质量的基本保证。Construction is the key link of building construction, the construction quality, progress, cost and other factors, not only affects the implementation of construction quality, but also directly related to construction business enterprise interests, so strengthen the construction site management, adhere to the economic, effective and scientific management is the basic guarantee for the construction quality of.一 土建施工人员管理A civil construction management土建工程规模大、人员多，由于人员的思想、来源以及工种类别等不同，造成施工现场人员乱哄哄，要想使施工现场秩序有条不紊，保证每位员工都能够以高热情投入到工作中，必须进行行之有效的制度制定与管理。首先，建立人员管理机制，制定进场管理条例、施工纪律、人员遵循条例、工种制度管理条例等，以约束性的制度性管理加强秩序管理与施工管理。其次，建立评价体系，以激励与约束的双重机制来保证施工人员正常施工，相对于约束机制来说，激励策略更具有诱惑性，施工主体可以通过奖金、表彰、提升等多种正向激励措施，来促使员工工作热情与积极性的提高；建立人员管理档案，完善档案管理内容，其不仅涉及到员工施工技术、质量以及出勤率等，还包括其思想、文化等多方面内容，以保证对员工的全方位了解。再者，加强与员工的交流，以感情作为融合员工的基础保证，使得以形成团结互助、高效协作、和谐共进的良好的建筑施工环境。最后，针对土建施工的技术性人员，加强其专业技能培训和技术操作能力培养，提升其技术应用水平，以实现技术指导人员对施工作用的发挥。Civil engineering is large in scale, personnel, the personnels thought, as well as the source of job categories are different, resulting in a construction site personnel, to make the construction site order everything in good order and well arranged, ensure that all employees with high enthusiasm into the work, must carry on the effective formulation and management. First of all, the establishment of personnel management mechanism, formulation of regulations, construction of discipline, play staff follow the regulations, work system management regulations, strengthen the management and construction management to the management system of restriction. Secondly, to establish the evaluation system, the dual mechanism of incentive and constraint to ensure normal construction personnel construction, relative to the constraint mechanism, incentive strategy is more attractive, the construction of main through bonuses, recognition, promotion and other positive incentives, to encourage employees to work enthusiasm and initiative to improve the establishment of Personnel Archives management, perfect; the content of archives administration, it not only involves the staff construction technology, quality and attendance, also includes many of their ideas, culture and other content, in order to ensure a full range of understanding of the staff. Furthermore, strengthen communication with employees, with emotion as the basis of fusion employees guarantee, so to form solidarity, cooperation, harmony and good construction environment. Finally, the technology of civil engineering construction, strengthen the training of professional skills training and technical operation ability, enhance the level of technology application, in order to achieve the technical guidance for the construction function.二 建筑质量性管理Two construction quality management建筑质量是施工管理的关键环节，其直接关系到建筑效能的发挥，以及人们居住与使用建筑的安全性，近年来，由于建筑质量问题缺陷，出现了越来越多的建筑返工、房屋塌陷等现象，这就更加表明了建筑质量施工管理环节的薄弱性，而一般来说，土建施工的材料、技术以及设备是建筑质量的硬件保证，这就要求强化管理这些基础性要素。Construction quality is the key link in construction management, and it is directly related to the construction effectiveness, and safety, people living with the use of the building in recent years, due to defects in building quality problem, the construction of the phenomenon of more and more rework, housing collapse, the more shows that the weakness of the construction management of building quality however, in general, civil construction materials, technology and equipment is the hardware construction quality assurance, this requires strengthening the management of these basic elements.1.材料管理1 material management建筑材料对建筑质量起到决定性作用，其成本占到工程造价的70%，这就要求强化建筑施工材料的选用与保管。首先，把好质量关，选用标准性、质量性材料。在选材时，利用先进技术进行材料检测，保证材料合格，同时，将材料属性与建筑施工所需标准进行比较，选择适应于施工所需的标准性材料。其次，合理使用材料，由于建筑材料成本较高，其合理利用度不仅关乎建筑商的经济效益，而且很大成分上影响建筑质量的整体性能，在材料使用中，要加强材料与建筑的融合性，合理配置材料，如混凝土比例调整要与建筑不同层次相适应；充分利用材料，做到节省材料的同时，优化配置材料功能。最后，加强材料保管，在施工中充分考虑到施工进程和资金运转，合理安排材料运用，在施工过程中加强材料保管，避免出现水泥结块、钢筋腐蚀等现象。在施工后，加强材料的回收和利用，这不仅起到了节省之目的，而且有效降低了废弃材料对周边环境的影响。Building materials to a decisive role on the construction quality, the cost accounted for 70% of project cost, which requires the selection of strengthening construction materials and storage. First of all, good quality, standard, quality of materials. In the selection, the use of advanced technology for materials testing, to ensure the material quality, at the same time, compare the material property and construction standards requirements, selection to adapt the materials needed for construction of the standard. Secondly, the rational use of materials, because of the high cost of building materials, its reasonable utilization is not only related to building business economic benefits, the overall performance and great composition influence the construction quality, in the use of materials, to strengthen the integration of materials and building materials such as concrete, rational allocation, proportional adjustment must adapt with the building at different levels; make full use of materials, to save materials at the same time, optimize the allocation of material function. Finally, to strengthen the material storage, in construction, give full consideration to the construction process and the capital operation, reasonable arrangement of materials used in the construction process, to strengthen the material storage, avoid cement agglomerate, steel bar corrosion. In the construction, to enhance the utilization of material recycling, not only to save the purpose, but also effectively reduces the influence on the surrounding environment of waste materials.2.技术、设备管理2 technology, equipment management建筑质量技术、设备保证是建筑质量实现的重要条件，在施工现场要进行技术与设备的调整与使用。其一，制定技术、设备使用标准，合理规划施工进程，准确设备进入施工场地时间，同时，加强施工现场考察，确定施工技术与使用设备，以最佳配套性技术与设备进行施工。其二，进行技术、设备与施工条件以及成本定位。在技术与设备的选择上，不仅要看其是否适应施工现场的要求，而且要比较其价格值，如设备型号、技术标准等都对其价格产生影响，这就要求施工主体，选择技术、设备功能相当而又价格适中的进行使用。其三，加强设备维护，提升设备的利用率。The quality of construction technology, equipment to ensure the construction quality is an important condition to achieve, in the construction site should be adjusted with the use of technology and equipment. The development of technology, equipment, the use of standard, reasonable planning and construction process, accurate equipment entering the construction site, at the same time, strengthen the inspection of construction site, determination of construction technology and equipment used for construction, to the best matching technology and equipment. Second, technology, equipment and construction conditions and cost position. In the technology and equipment of choice, not only to see whether it meets the requirements of the construction site, and to compare its value, such as equipment, technology standards have an impact on the price, which requires the construction of subject selection, technology, equipment and the use of function quite moderate price. Third, strengthen equipment maintenance, improve equipment utilization.三 建立健全施工管理制度Three to establish and improve the construction management system制度是土建施工管理的基本保障，其不仅起到对施工人员的约束作用，而且以规范性的制度指导，来保证施工的正常运行，进而促进建筑质量的实现。首先，建立健全施工管理的基础性制度，如施工材料制度、施工安全制度、施工环境制度等，尤其是施工环境制度，力图以有效地环境制度与管理措施，实现土建对环境污染的最低化，如废弃物处理制度、灰尘控制制度等。其次，强化监督体制，建立独立的监督部门，并配备一些具有现场管理经验、高素质的管理监督人员，实现监督有力、有效。最后，实行施工责任制，这不仅要求建筑商承担建筑责任，而且要强化施工内部责任落实，将责任落到施工各部门、各环节以至各个施工人员身上，以强化施工责任心，最终实现强责任实现高质量的目的。System is the basic guarantee of civil construction management, which not only act as a restraint on the construction personnel, and to guide the normative system, to ensure the normal operation of the construction, and promote the implementation of construction quality. First, the establishment of a sound system of basic construction management system, such as construction materials, construction safety system, environment system construction, especially the construction of environmental system, in order to effectively environment system and management measures, the lowest level of environmental pollution in civil engineering, such as waste treatment system, dust control system. Secondly, strengthen the supervision system, establishing supervision departments independent, and equipped with a number of personnel management and supervision has the site management experience, high quality, realize the effective supervision, effective. Finally, the implementation of construction responsibility system, which not only require developers to undertake construction responsibility, but also to strengthen the construction of internal responsibility, responsibility to the construction departments, each link and each construction personnel, to strengthen the construction of responsibility, finally realize the strong responsibility to achieve high quality objective.四 土建施工安全性管理Four civil engineering construction safety management安全第一是土建施工的基本性原则，而强调安全是永不搁浅的话题，加强施工现场安全管理不仅利于建筑施工持续进行，而且生命安全息息相关。其一，强化客观性环境安全。加强安全制度制定，采取安全管理，人人有责的制度，进行安全责任确定，以约束每个人的安全行为；创建安全施工环境，通过安全材料选用，安全设备利用等方式，为安全提供基本性保障；强化安全施工管理，以标语、图文等警示性提示，要求工作人员注意安全。其二，强化安全主体性。建立安全评估机制，强化安全监督管理，以保证施工人员遵循安全制度；加强员工安全教育与学习，进行安全知识与技能培训，使每位员工树立安全第一的观念，以从源头控制安全事故的发生；倡导员工安全操作，安全施工，加强员工的内部监督与主观自我监督。Safety first is the basic principle of civil engineering construction, and stressed that safety is never stranded topic, strengthen the construction site safety management is not only conducive to construction continues, and lives. First, strengthen the objectivity of environmental safety. To strengthen the security system to develop, adopt safety management, responsibility system, responsibility for security, safety behavior constraints to everyone; create a safe work environment, through the selection of safety materials, safety equipment utilization and so on, to provide basic guarantee for safety; strengthen the construction safety management, prompt with a slogan, graphic warning, ask the staff caution. Second, strengthen the safety of subjectivity. Establishment of safety evaluation mechanism, strengthen safety supervision and management, in order to ensure the construction personnel follow security system