专题二 代词.doc

高一英语专题 二 代词内容解读 1不定代词的意义特征和语法特征. 2不同性质的代词的用法差异； 3替代词的用法差异.能力解读 能在真实的语言环境中正确理解并运用不定代词、指示代词、人称代词等.命题趋势 高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进. 1加强语境的真实性和复杂性； 2加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查.例题剖析 1. We asked John and Jerry, but of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. eitherB. noneC. bothD. neither 2. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately couldnt spare me even one minute. A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it 3. Which of the tree ways shall I take to the village? way as you please. A. EachB. EveryC. AnyD. Either 4. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will . A. anyoneB. anyone elseC. no oneD. no one else 5. It is easy to do the repair, you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. AllC. BothD. Everything 6. There at the door stood a girl about the same height . A. as meB. as mineC. with mineD. with me好题精练 1. The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of before they can move in. A. theyB. itC. oneD. which 2. Many people have been helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs for the poor. A. moreB. muchC. manyD. most 3. If this dictionary is not yours, can it be? A. what elseB. who elseC. which elsesD. who elses 4. He was nearly drowned once. When was ? was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; ItB. this; ThisC. this; ItD. that; This 5. Youre always working. Come on, lets go shopping. you ever want to do is going shopping. A. AnythingB. Something C. AllD. That 6. The mother didnt know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. whoB. whenC. howD. what 7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. A. thatB. oneC. itD. what 8. Your coffee smells great! Its from Mexico. Would you like ? A. itB. someC. thisD. little 9. Theres coffee and tea; you can have . Thanks. A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it 10. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. himB. heC. I D. me 11. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve the rest are . A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. others 12. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are . A. him and herB. his and hersC. his and herD. his and hers 13. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. thisB. thatC. itD. one 14. Playing tricks on other is we should never do. A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing 15. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days? A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others 16. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him. A. every otherB. many othersC. some otherD. other than 17. One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for . A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything 18. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got to talk to. A. anyoneB. someoneC. everyoneD. no one 19. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made fro some wood we had. A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another 20. Do you like here? Oh, yes, The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it 21. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after hes done for you. A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that规律方法命题规律 1非常明显，近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词及指示代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如：all, everything和anything等的意义差别，it, that和one不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法特征的差异，如it（代词）和which（关系代词）的区别. 2试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用.突破方法 1英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极为频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易.建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心. 2首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分：人称代词；物主代词：形容词性物主代词，如yours；反身代词；相互代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词；连接代词（名词性从名）；关系代词（定语从句），了解各类代词的一般用法.更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，要重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别.知识清单考点知识清单一 物主代词和反身代词物 主 代 词形容词性物主代词只作定语：This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.名词性物主代词作主语：This is her coat. Mine is over there.作宾语：Something has gone wrong with my bike.My I use yours?作表语：This book isnt mine, its Toms.一、物主代词的用法 说明：英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译.如： Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了. “of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语.如： Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴. That car of hers is always breaking down. 她的那辆小车总是出毛病.反 身 代 词动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.介宾：They boy is old enough to take care of himself.作表语：She is not quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服.作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs.作宾语二、反身代词的用法 说明：含有反身代词的惯用语与介词连用：by oneself=alone 独自 for oneself 为自己，亲自 of oneself 自动地，自发地与动词连用： be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 seat oneself =sit 坐下 dress oneself in 穿 help oneself to 随便吃，自行取用 come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气 devote oneself to 专心于；献身于 find oneself in/at 发觉自己来到三、人称代词的并列顺序 1通常单数的人称代词的排列顺序： you and I; you and he; you, he and I 第三人称两性并列时一般说成：he and she 人称代词是复数并列时顺序为：we and you; we and they; we, you and they 2. 但是若为了强调某人称，或是出现在承认错误之类的句中时，第一人称的I常放在前面.例如： I and he broke the glass just now. I and my daughter went out before lunch. Remember the time when I had you drove into London.考点知识清单二 替代词用法 代词it, they与替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those 的用法区别： it指代前面提到过的事物，they为其复数形式； one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，即泛指ones为其复数形式； the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，其后往往带定语，the ones为其复数形式； that既可以替代特指的单数可数名词，也可以替代特指的不可数名词.若替代特指的单数可数名词时，相当于the one； those替代复数名词，相当于the ones. 如：Your story is interesting, but I dont like it. This story is an interesting one. I havent a computer. I want to buy one next year. The dictionary on the desk is much better than that/the one on the shelf. The population in China is much larger than that in Japan. The conditions are like those in the real spaceship. The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter. Students in Class One and more hard-working than those in Cass Two. She has no watch, so I want to buy one for her. 她没有手表，我想为她买一块. There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for her. 商店里这种手表只有一块，我想为她买下.考点知识清单三 疑问代词一、what, who 一般来说，what问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名.如： What was her husband? 她丈夫是干什么的？ He was a lawyer. 他是律师. Who was her husband? 她丈夫是谁？ He was John Forbes, the son of a famous writer.他是约翰福布斯，一个著名作家的儿子.二、what，which which用于已知情况的选择，其后可跟of短语；what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of短语.如： What fruit do you like best? 你最喜欢什么水果？ Can you tell us what school you graduated from? 能告诉我们你毕业于什么学校吗？ Which do you like better, oranges or apples? 你比较喜欢桔子还是苹果？ Which of you would like to go to that island? 你们中谁乐意去那个岛？ What are you looking for? 你在找什么？三、whatever, which ever, whoever分别为what, which who 的强调形式 如：Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么？ Whoever gave you the book? 究竟谁给你的这本书？What is the population? 人口是多少？distance? 距离有多远price? 价格是多少？address? 住在哪里？attitude?态度怎样？四、注意下列疑问词的使用与汉译的差别 What is the height/depth/width/length/size/weight? 高度/深度/宽度/长度/大小/重量是多少？考点知识清单四 it的用法 代词it的主要用法如下： 1用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物.如： This is not my book. It is Marys. 2. 用来代替指示代词this或that. Whats this? It is a dictionary. Whose jacket is that? It is hers. 3.指人. Whos knocking at the door? Its me. The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. The child is crying now. Go and see to it. 4.指时间、距离、天气、环境等.如： Whats the time now? Its ten past eight. Its getting colder and colder now. Its about ten minutes walk fro my home to the school. It was very quiet at the moment. 5.指代整个句子的内容.如： Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it? 6.用于某些学习语中作宾语，对这些习语只能从整体上理解.例如： I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Well foot it. 我们将步行去. Keep at it！别松劲！干下去！As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 oclock. 事实上，我们六点钟前是很难赶到车站的. 7.it作先行词、形式主语、形式宾语和强调用法参看其它专题.考点知识清单五 不定代词的用法一、不定代词一览表可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, a(few)不可数much, (a)little可数不可数none, any, other, all, some复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing二、不定代词的语法特征 1.every和no只能用作形容词，不能用作代词. 2.复合不定代词只起代词作用，作主语时，谓语动词一概用单数.表物类的复合不定代词，指代代词用单数，即：it, its；表人类的复合不定代词，指代代词通常用复数，即：they, their或them等. He said something was lost, but he didnt say what it was. 他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么. Someone is waiting fro me at the school gate, but I have not idea who they are (or who he or she is). 有人在校门口等，但我不知是谁. 3.复合不定代词都不可接of短语，但some one, every one, any one都是两个词，之后可接of短语（注意no one不可接of短语）. Every one of the students can speak good English. 这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的英语. 4.除它们之外，其他的不定代词既可用作代词，又可用作形容词（none只作代词）. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后.三、不定代词的用法区别 1.no one, none, nothing的用法区别 no one单独使用，只用于指人. No one knows anything when he or she is born. none一般与of短语连用，指人或物. none of the boys/ they money/ them. 从of短语的特点可以判断，none强调数的概念，因此在回答有关数量问题时，一般用none. How many Chinese stamps do you collect? None. He has many friends, but none can really help him when he is in trouble. nothing表示“什么也没有，没有东西”， 是全部否定，作主语、宾语或表语. Nothing can stop us marching forward. Dont be so proud. You are nothing. 注意：none与nothing的不同，试看例句： When I returned to my share of apples, I found none left. 当我回去取自己的那价苹果时，发现一无所有. （用none表示一个苹果也没有了，但如果用nothing则表示什么都没有了，连其他的东西也没有了）. 2.each和every each强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every强调“全体”，只能作定语.each作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each来表示部分否定，而not every表示部分否定.如： The tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张十美元.(each作同位语，不能用costs) Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实. =Not every man is honest. every还可表示“每隔的；每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every; every year or two 每一两年 every now and then 时常 every other day 每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个. one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车. 3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表不定代词意义用法说明another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词.如：I dont like this coat. Show me another, please.other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one及my, your, his等时，则可与单数名词连用.如：any other plant, every other day.the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成: onethe other一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”.others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成someothersthe others特指其余的人或物是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物. 4.全部否定和部分否定 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定：no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany，以及no+名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定.如： Both of them havent read this story. =Only one of them has read this story. 并非他们二人都看过这个故事. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这个男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题.All bamboo doesnt grow tall. =Not all bamboo grows tall.=Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesnt. 并非所有的竹子都长得高. We fear no difficulty.=We dont fear any difficulty. 我们不怕困难. Neither of them wants to stop for a rest. 他们两个谁也不愿意停下来休息. 另外，any所修饰的名词或由any构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式.也就是说，我们只能说notany，但不能说anynot.如： Anything cannot stop him going there. Nothing can stop him going thee. 任何事不能阻止他去那儿. 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether （全然地），wholly(全部地)和not连用时，也表示部分否定.例如： Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见.易混知识清单一 代词易错点回顾一、知识记忆重点 （一）both, all, either, any, neither, none都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone高考例题 1. I had to buy these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. bothB. none C. neitherD. all 2. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after hes done for you. A. somethingB. anything C. allD. that 3. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails. A. SomethingB. All C. allD. that 4. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but of them came. A. neitherB. either C. noneD. both 5. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? way as you please. A. EachB. EveryC. AnyD. Either 6. We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for . A. noneB. eitherC. anyD. each （二）something, anything, everything, nothing; someone, anyone, everyone, no one 关于不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等的用法，初中阶段已做过重点学习.something常用于肯定句；anything常用于否定句，如用于肯定句，意为“任何事”；someone与 anyone的用法与上述something, anything的用法相一致，但表示人;everything/everyone意为“每件（个）事（人）”，强调总体.高考例题 1. Playing tricks on others is we should never do. A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing 2. One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that for . A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. anything 3. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got to walk to. A. anyoneB. someoneC. everyoneD. no one （三）one, no one, nothing 1.none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many/much 引导的疑问；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的疑问句.如： How many people are there in the room now? None. Who is in the room? No one/ Nobody. 2. none往往与前面的some/any/every+noun匹配构成试题；而nothing往往与something, anything, everything相匹配构成试题；no one/nobody往往与someone/ somebody, everyone/ everybody, someone/ somebody相匹配构成试题.如： I need someone to help me, but there is no one here. I need something to drink, but there is nothing. I need some students to help me to carry the stool for experiment, but there is none here. Is there anyone in that room? No, no one. Is there anything in that room? No, nothing. Is there any student in that room? No, none. 3. none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something/ anything/everything/nothing; someone/ anyone/ everyone/ no one 却不能.如： We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. A. all; soB. any; noC. none; anyD. no one; any （四）more, another 两个单词都可当“另外的”讲，用来修饰名词，但位置不同，more多用在名词之后或数词之后，another多用在数词之前.高考例题 Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for two weeks. A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. others Tony is going camping with boys. A. little two otherB. two little otherC. two other littleD. little other two （五）one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those 关于代词one, the one, ones等试题首先要明白使用代词的目的之一就是要代替前面的名词，以避免重复.那么，做题时首先要弄清所用代词代替什么样的名词，如：可数还是不可数？是泛指还是特指？其中one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an+单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）.The ones用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）.that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the+单数可数/不可数名词.如： Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones(=many presents) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that/ the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones under the desk.高考例题 We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made from some wood we had. A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have ? A. itB. thatC. oneD. this Meeting my uncle after all these years was unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. A. thatB. oneC. itD. what（六）it用法 高考对于it的考查在近几年考查较多且又有难度加大的趋势，并且考查内容都是it的特殊的用法. 1.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后跟上it，然后再跟从句，其从句作it的同位语.又如：I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我要钱. I like in autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. thisB. thatC. itD. them 2. it-that thing or situation not mentioned but understand by the speaker and the hearer (未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的)那件事、那种情况.如：I cant stand it (=this situation) any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了.How is it (=your life, work) going? 近况如何？The worst of it is that well have to get the repair done again.高考例题 Do you like here? Oh, yes. The car, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. itC. oneD. which 3. it还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主句从句、宾语从句.高考例题 The Foreign Minister said, “ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is（七）对于代词they的考查也趋向复杂化 You use they instead of “she or he” to refer to a person without saying whether that person is a man or a woman. Some people think this use is incorrect. Collins Cobuild English Dictionary. 如：The teacher is not responsible for the students success or failure. They are only there to help the students learn. I intended to compare notes with a fried, but unfortunately couldnt spare me even one minute. A. theyB. oneC. whoD. it二、解题技巧 1.明确指代.在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判.具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：（1）代词指代的是人还物；（2）代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数词；（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念；（4）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；（5）代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念. 2.理清逻辑.需要通过分析上下文所蕴