六年级语法.doc

英语简单句的种类一、按用途分类:陈述句、问句、祈使句、感叹句。（一）陈述句-用来叙述一个事实或观点的句子。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。一般用降调读，句末用句号。1、主语+谓语+宾语主语-谈话的主体；谈话的对象。谓语-主语的动作。宾语-说明谓语（及物动词）需要有一个宾语作为动动的接受对象。这个接受对象是句子的宾语。主语 谓语动词 宾语the United States produces many applesI will take you（there）Many people like to take apples（to work）I love youShe plays footballHe can surf the InternetTwo men showed the king his new clothes 双宾语 人 物 2、主语+系动词（be、look、turn、become）+表语表语-用于系动词（be、look、sound、bocome、get）之后，说明主语的特点或状况，如：I am a girl.句中is 是系动词，a girl是表语。This is a living-room是表语。I was at home. I 是主语。Was是be动词，at home 是表语。（二）疑问句-提出问题，句末用问号。分一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。一般疑问句：用来询问一件事或一个情况是否属实，需要用yes/no回答。一定要用升调朗读。Are you a girl? Were you at home yesterday? Can he play basketball?Would you like some tea?特殊疑问句：必须用具体的句子来回答是某人、某物、干某事或具体的时间地点、数量、状态等。疑问代词： who 、 whatdo、 what 用来问主语、谓语、宾语。1、She likes apples. Who likes apples? 谁喜欢苹果？（主语） What does she like?（她喜欢什么？）2、My family went to a farm. Who went to a farm？谁去公园？What did your family do？你的家人干什么？Where did your family go?你的家人去哪里？疑问副词：wherewhenwhyhow how manyhow muchhow oldwhosewhich（三）祈使句：表示命令、提醒、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形，主语you通常省略，句末用句号。用降调读。如Lets加动词短语Lets play football;或直接用动词短语Clean the door，please.祈使句的否定句就在句前加Dont，如Dont clean the door,please.Dont clean the house.(四)感叹句：用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐，或表示惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。用降调读。句首用what、how，句末用感叹号“！”！What a day！ How nice！What beautiful clothes！How beautiful the clothes are！What an interesting film！How interesting a film is！二、按时态分：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时.时态是一个语法范畴，用以表示动作、行为或状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。不同语言具有不同的时态。有的语言甚至没有时态，汉语是借助词汇表示在各种时间和动作状态的，没有时态。英语不但有时态，而且种类较多。 时：指时间。如：now 、every day、this morning、yesterday、tomorrow 态：动词的形态，形式。如原形、现在分词、第三人称单数形式、过去式do doingdoesdid; gogoinggoeswentmakemakingmakesmade; workworkingworksworked(一) 一般现在时：1、表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作；（often、usually、sometimes、every day、on Sunday）I read English books every day. 我每天读英语书。She often plays the piano.她经常弹钢琴。Liu Tao likes surfing the Internet.刘涛喜欢上网。 2、永恒的真理、科学事实、格言。（没有时间状语）Time is monkey. 时间就是金钱。Two and five makes seven.2加5等于7.He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。The sun rises the east.太阳从东方升起。3、目前存在的状态。（没有时间状语）I am a girl. I live in Rudong. I am in a red coat today. I am late for school.(二) 现在进行时：某个动作正在进行。（now、listen、look）(三) 一般过去时：某个动作在过去已经发生。 (一)am (二)is (三)are肯定句（1）I am a student. 我是一名学生。否定句 I am not a student. 我不是一名学生。 一般疑问句 Are you a student？你是一名学生吗？ 肯定回答 Yes，I am. 是，我是。 否定回答 No, Im not.不，我不是。 2）He is a student.他是一名学生。 He is not a student. 他是一名学生。Is he a student? 他是一名学生吗？Yes ,he is . 是，他是。 No,he isnt. 不，他不是。（3）He is eleven. 他十一岁。He is not eleven. 他不是十一岁。Is he eleven? 他十一岁吗/Yes,he is. No,he isnt. How old is he?（4）I am eleven. 我十一岁。 I am not eleven. 我不是十一岁。 Are you eleven？你十一岁吗？ Yes，I am. 是，我是。 No, Im not. 不，我不是。 How old are you? 你多少岁？ （5）I am in the classroom. 我在教室里。 I am not in the classroom. 我不在教室里。 Are you in the classroom? Yes，I am. No, Im not. Where are you? (6)Helen is under the tree. Helen is not under the tree.Is Helen under the tree? Yes ,she is. No,she isnt. Where is Helen?（7）I am fine. I am not fine. Are you fine? Yes，I am. No, Im not. How are you? (8)He is fine. He is not fine. Is he fine? Yes,he is. No,he isnt.How is he?(9)We are thirsty. We aren t thirsty. Are you thirsty ? Yes，we are. No, we aren t.How are you? (10)They are teachers. They are not teachers. Are they teachers? Yes,they are. No ,they aren t.What are they?What are their jobs?(11) The cat is fat and cute. The cat isnt fat and cute. Is the cat fat and cute? . Yes,