一对一英语语法辅导资料5--主谓一致.doc

一对一英语语法辅导资料5-主谓一致一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致:指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如： Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.汤姆是个好学生。 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。例如： My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如： The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 两个月是一个长假。 2 0英镑并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance. Five minus four is one.1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes眼见为实。 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Mike with his father has been to England. Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如： People here are very friendly. His family isnt large. 这儿的人很友好。 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12.不定代词something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如： Is everyone here today. Something is wrong with him. Nobody was in home.今天大家到齐了吗？ 他有毛病。 没有人在家。 13. each,either,neither,another,the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each of them has an English dictionary. Neither answer is correct. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 两个答案都不正确。14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，如：No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 没有消息就是好消息。 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. Tom or Jack is wrong.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is OK. 这一个或那一个都行。 16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight houndred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如： This pair of shoes is Toms. There are two glasses of wather on the table. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 桌上有两杯水。 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 美是永存的。19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。 这是给你的书和纸。 主谓一致练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the ciry. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep 9. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _ some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _ mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two months _ quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _ all very kind and friendly, His family _ a happy one. A. are,is B. is,isC. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _ come to Beijing. A. has B. haveC. areD. is 19. The children in this class each _ a new school bag. A. have B. hasC. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were A There is a big tree in front of my house. A black bird lives in the tree. Every day I take some food to the tree. The bird sees me and comes down. The food is in my hand. The bird comes to my hand and eats it. After that it goes back to the tree.I give some food to the bird every day. And so the bird knows me. I like the bird and the bird likes me. We are good friends. 76Whats in the tree? A. A big black bird.B. A black bird. C. An old black bird. D. A big old black bird. 77Why does the bird come down? A. Because there is some food in my hand. B. Because the bird cats some food. C. Because the bird likes food. D. Because the bird eats good food. 78Where dose the bird go back? It goes back to _ .A. his handB. its house C. the treeD. the sky 79. How often does the writer feed the bird? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a day. D. Every day. 80. How does the writer feed the bird? A. Every day. B. Once a day. C. He throws some food to the bird. D. The bird comes down to eat the food in his hand.B One day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 31 and told him his story angrily. “He is really bad,” the boy said, “and I 32 him.”The grandfather said, “ 33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did. .” As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on, “There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 35 and kind. He gets on well 36 everything around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with