中学英语教师招聘考试专业基础知识.doc

/ Page No.672重点句型8. What do you imagine will be your future occupation? Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have?你认为你未来的职业是什么？假设你即将成为中国日报的记者，你知道他们要做哪些类型的工作吗？“be to+动词原形”的常见用法：表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。指该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。指能或不能发生的事情（接近于can, may），表示可能性。表示不可避免将要发生的事情，后来注定要发生的事情。Page No.673用于条件从句，意为“如果想，设想”（接近if .want to/if .should）。We are to meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校门口见面。You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇？His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter. 他同新上司胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生很大的影响。 If you are to succeed, you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。 Page No.674高手过招单项填空Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.(201001安徽舒城检测)A. is to be B. can beC. will be D. has been解析:选A。句意为：如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来，故排除C项；B、D两项与句意不符。“be+不定式”可用于条件状语从句中，表示“如果想”。Page No.6759. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.一个足球运动员被控受贿，故意不进球，好让另一队赢球。易混辨析 so as to/in order to so as to 意为“为了，目的是”，后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式为so as not to do sth.,可以转化成so that引导的目的状语从句。 in order to也可以作目的状语，但是so as to和so that引导的目的状语不可置于句首，且so that 目的状语从句的谓语动词常含有can,could,may,might等词。She got up early in order to（so as to）catch the early bus.In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.为了赶上早班车，她起得很早。He spoke loudly so as to be heard.他大声说话，以便让人听到。Page No.676高手过招单项填空The brilliance of his satires was make even his victims laugh. （201001安徽淮北检测）so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that解析:选B。句意为：他的讽刺太生动了，以至于被讽刺的人都笑了起来。so修饰形容词，such修饰名词或作表语。so that和such that常引导结果状语从句，所以排除C、D两项。Page No.677Unit 5 First aidPage No.678核心单词1. aid n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。常用结构:first aid 急救aid sb. 帮助某人aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事in aid of 支持;为筹措aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在方面帮助某人Page No.679联想拓展表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。易混辨析 aid/help/assistance aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。 help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。 assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。 Page No.680高手过招单句改错 (原创)The family lived on government aids for two years. We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.We，ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.答案：aidsaid on/underwithfinishto finish或in finishingPage No.6812. injuryn. 损伤；伤害Many common injuries happen every day in the home. 家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。常用结构:do sb. an injury 伤害某人be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事escape injury 免受伤害 repair injury 赔偿损害serioussevere injuries 重伤a slight injury 轻伤In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。Page No.682易混辨析 injure/wound/hurtinjure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。 Page No.683高手过招选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) （原创）Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .He was deeply by her dishonesty.I my back lifting that box.In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .She felt at your words.The bullet him in the shoulder.答案：wounded hurt hurt injuredhurt woundedPage No.6843. situationn. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置易混辨析 situation/state/condition situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。 state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a. state。 condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。Page No.685After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in. 房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。温馨提示situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？ Page No.686高手过招用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 （原创）He，s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father. They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.答案：where where that/whichPage No.6874. damage vt.& n. 损害；毁坏易混辨析 ruin/destroy/damage ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。 destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。 damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。The house across the street is in ruins. 街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。Page No.688The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.地震毁坏了许多楼房。The bridge was damaged by the flood.那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。温馨提示destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。高手过招单项填空An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage. (201001山东青岛二中模块检测)Making B. causing C. done D. Caused解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。Page No.6895. present n.礼物；目前adj.在场;出席;当前的v.颁发;授予;赠给常用结构：be present at 出席the present day=today 今天at presentat the present timenow 现在for the present=for the time being 暂时 the present 现在(相当于名词)present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人presentday attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式Page No.690联想拓展present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。The same problem presented itself to her again. 同样的问题又在她身上出现。 He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。 May I present you to my husband?我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。Page No.691高手过招单项填空There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. （201001陕西西安二中检测）A. Present B. availableC. Precious D. convenientAll the people at the party were all his supporters. （201001江苏南京检测）A. Present B. thankfulC. Interested D. Important解析: 选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。Page No.692重点短语6. fall ill 生病Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。联想拓展fall behind 落后fall sick 生病fall asleep 入睡fall down 掉下；倒塌fall in love with . 爱上fall off 脱落；减少；从上掉下 fall into the habit of . 养成的习惯fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到上fall silent 沉默 Page No.693高手过招完成句子 （原创）不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。He soon after and did not recover.形势严峻，不进则退。Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.答案：fell ill fall behind fall offPage No.6947. in place在适当的位置；适当I like everything to be in place. 我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。With everything in place, she started the slide show.一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。联想拓展be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了be in/out of control 正常/失控be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险in place of.take the place of. 代替；取代give place to 被取代；让位于out of place 不在适当的位置； 不合适 Page No.695高手过招(1)单项填空His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009湖北）A. in place B. in sightC. in effect D. in vain (2)完成句子 （原创）你可以用木柴来取代煤。You can use wood coal.棉花要取代丝绸。Cotton is silk. 你的提议很恰当。Your proposal is quite .Page No.696解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。(2)in place of taking the place ofin placePage No.6978. make a difference有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。Does it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？联想拓展make a difference between .and . 区别对待make some difference to对 有些关系make no difference to 对没有关系make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同 Page No.698高手过招翻译句子 （原创）这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。让警察知道一些证据关系重大。答案：The travel made a difference to his later life.It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.Page No.699重点句型9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和if.not.引导的否定状语从句互换。Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help you.=If you dont change your mind，I won t be able to help you.除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.=I want you to keep working if I dont tell you to stop.如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if.not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。Page No.700高手过招单项填空All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （2009全国）A. As B. if C. though D. unlessDont promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. （2008浙江）A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. (2006北京)Unless B. Because C. Although D. When We dont keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006浙江)Because B. unless C. when D. WhilePage No.701解析: 选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if.not互换。选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件，符合句意。Page No.70210. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当时，突然”。常用结构：be doing.when. 正在做突然had done.when. 刚做了突然be about to do.when. 刚要做突然be on the point of doing sth. when. 刚要做突然Page No.703高手过招单项填空She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. （2009福建）A. When B. while C. after D. sinceWe were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started. A. When B. while C. until D. beforeI along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred解析: 选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。Page No.704选修 6Page No.705Unit 1 ArtPage No.706核心单词1. faithn. 信任；信念；信心常用结构：break ones faith with sb. 对某人不守信用keep faith with sb. 守信于某人lose faith in 不再信任have faith in 相信; 信任in good/bad faith 真心诚意/虚情假意Page No.707高手过招单项填空Above all, you should have faith yourself.In B. with C. of D. For解析：选A。have faith in 相信，信任。句意为：首先，你必须要相信自己。故A项符合句意 After repeated failure, he lost faith in himself.不断的失败之后，他对自己失去了信心。Faith can remove mountains. 信仰能移山。Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends. 不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。Page No.7082. aimn. 目标；目的vi.&vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力What is your aim in life?你生活的目标是什么?常用结构：take aim (at) 瞄准aim at 向瞄准；旨在，针对aim high 胸怀大志;心气很高He aimed the gun at the enemy officer.他用枪瞄准了敌人的军官。Our factory must aim at developing new models of machines.我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。Page No.709高手过招(1)单项填空The Hope Project helping build schools in the poor areas. A. Aims B. aims to C. is aimed to D. is aimed atWhat is your in this Olympic Games? To win the gold medals. A. Attention B. idea C. opinion D. aim（2）完成句子This antismoking campaign mainly (针对) young teenagersThe hunter （瞄准）the lion and fired.He （力求）at accuracy.He could not （瞄准）straight.He is leading a life without （目标，方向）.Page No.710解析：(1)选D。考查aim的固定搭配。be aimed at旨在，目的是。选D。考查词义辨析。attention注意力；idea想法；opinion 观点;aim目的，目标，打算。(2)aims at aimed at aimed aim aimsPage No.7113. consequentlyadv.&conj. 所以，因而(=therefore)Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国，所以对中国了解得很少。联想拓展be consequent on/upon 因引起的； 是的后果consequence n. 后果；结果；重要性be of consequence 重要的as a consequence=as a result 结果in consequence 由于as a consequence of=as a result of 作为的结果in consequence of 由于；作为的结果He is a man of great consequence. 他是一个重要的人物。 Page No.712高手过招单项填空The rain yesterday was heavy. , the roads were flooded.A. As a result of B. As a consequenceC. Consequence D. In consequence of解析：选B。此处为“结果”之意，作插入语，应用相当于副词的短语，as a consequence= consequently。Page No.7134. possessionn. （尤作复数）所有；财产常用结构：in possession of sth. 拥有/占有某物in the possession of/in ones possession 被拥有take/gain/get/have possession of sth. 拥有某物When his father died, he came into possession of a large fortune. 父亲死后，他拥有了一大笔遗产。The people had to gather up their few possessions and escape from the hills. 人们不得不收拾仅有的财产，逃下山去。联想拓展possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 Page No.714高手过招完成句子那幢房子归我所有。The house is / . 我们直到签订了所有的文件，才能拥有这座房子。We cant the house until all the papers have been signed. 答案：in my possession/in the possession of metake possession ofPage No.7155. concentratevt. 集中,浓缩常用结构：concentrate on/upon 集中在； 专心于concentrate ones attention/mind on 注意力集中在I quickly concentrated the camera on the children.我迅速把照相机的镜头对准孩子们。联想拓展pay attention to 注意focus on 集中(注意力,关心)于fix ones attention/eyes/mind on集中精力/目光/心思在The children fixed their eyes on the teacher in class.孩子们聚精会神地听老师讲课。 Page No.716高手过招单项填空All her energies are upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A. Aimed B. concentratedC. Guided D. Directed 解析：选B。concentrate