汉语拼音方案(5).doc

ALCTS CCS Committee on Cataloging: Asian and African MaterialsAnnual Meeting 20028 a.m.-12:00 p.m. Sunday, June 16, 2002Sheraton Z Georgia Atlanta, GeorgiaPresent: Alan Grosenheider (University of Washington), ChairShi Deng (UC Sand Diego), MemberGertrude Koh (Dominion University), MemberJoseph J. Lauer (Michigan State University), MemberSelina Lin (University of Iowa), Member (Recorder)Sushila Shah (Macalester College), MemberReiko Yoshimura (Freer Gallery of Art), MemberMembers absent: Ali Houissa (Cornell University) Excused; Chalermsee Olson (Northern Illinois University)Guests present:Joan Aliprand (RLG), Julianne Beall (Library of Congress)John Eilts (Stanford University)Philip Melzer (Library of Congress)David Nelson (University of Pennsylvania)Wen-ling Liu (Indiana University)1. IntroductionChair Alan Grosenheider opened the meeting at 8:00 a.m. with 6 committee members and 5 guests present. Everyone introduced him/herself.2. Approval of minutes from 2002 Midwinter meeting The minutes from last meeting were approved with correction of two minor typos. 3. Old businessa. Debriefing of program at Annual meeting 2002: “Year of the Horse: Next Phase in Pinyin Conversion” Alan Grosenheider summarized the program, held on Saturday, June 15, 2002, 8:30-11:30 am. Twenty-nine (29) evaluation sheets were received out of fifty-three (53) attendees and the general comments were good. The main criticism was about AV setup; there was a power outage on the laptop computer during one presenters session. Advertising for the program, timing and location also need to be improved in the future. Due to ALAs restriction, only two-hour or four-hour slots were allowable, causing difficulty for scheduling a three-hour program. Suggested topics for future programs included Chinese geographic names and cataloging of other non-Latin language materials (“Beyond JACKPHY”). Reiko Yoshimura volunteered to analyze and tabulate evaluation results. David Nelson asked about methodology used in converting Chinese subject headings. Philip Melzer explained in detail LCs procedure for converting Chinese subject headings and terminology. In short, place names, corporate bodies, conventional names and topical headings are converted after validation process but family names are left alone.b. Use of the word “oriental” in AACRAlan Grosenheider gave a background report on the issue. In August 2001, the Committee received a request from John Attig, chair of a CC:DA Task Force to consider usage of the word “oriental” in AACR as they received several comments indicating that the term “oriental” is offensive and should not be used in AACR. Since no report was submitted by Chalermsee Olson, CC:AAMs representative to CC:DA, a new task force to investigate this issue was formed. Reiko Yoshimura will head the group, along with Shi Deng, Gertrude Koh and David Nelson, to study the issue and make a formal recommendation to CC:DA after approval by this committee.4. New businessa. Review of Revised Pinyin Romanization Guidelines (Umlaut, Apostrophe. See Appendix A)After some discussion, the Guidelines were approved as presented. Philip Melzer will relay the committees approval to LC.b. Batak Romanization tableThere were e-mail exchanges prior to the meeting among Lucas Graves, Randall K. Barry, and Thompson A. Yee of LC regarding Batak Romanization table (See Appendix B). It was approved as proposed.c. Initial articles in Turkish and TonganThe Turkish word “bir” is listed in AACR2 Appendix E as initial article to be disregarded for access, but in practice, Turkish language catalogers have been including it as part of title word because the word also means number one. In absence of the Mid-East expert Ali Houissa, John Eilts agreed to take on the task of working with MELA representative to make a formal recommendation to CCDA to drop it from the Initial articles list. The procedure is to fill out the online form for submitting a rule change proposal available at CC:DA web site (/alcts/organization/ccs/ccda/how-to.html) As for Tongan language (used in Tonga Islands in SW Pacific), due to the lack of an area expert on the committee now, it was tabled for future consideration.d. New program proposalsThe chair listed four proposals to be considered for a future program as follows:Chinese geographic names; Use of Internet in cataloging vernacular resources; Cataloging electronic resources in Metadata using vernaculars; Expanding vernacular for cataloging beyond JACKPHY using UNICODE, e.g., Cyrillic and Sanskrit.The committee needs to consider seriously before next meeting and come up with a solid document at Midwinter 2003 in order to plan for a program in 2004 at the earliest. Alan Grosenheider suggested the committee either focus on one topic, or have a general program covering broad areas.5. LC report and Pinyin update Philip Melzer highlighted LC Report (full text available at: /alcts/organization/ccs/ccda/lc206.html)6. Report from OCLC Report form OCLC was submitted electronically by Bing YU (See Appendix C)7. Report from RLG Joan Aliprand could not attend the meeting but sent some relevant highlights of RLG activities by e-mail (see Appendix D)8. Reports from Area Studies Associationsa. ALC Highlights of the African Library Council meeting and full text report submitted prior to the meeting (see Appendix E) by Joseph Lauer.b. CEAL Reiko Yoshimua prepared the report (see Appendix F) c. CORMOSEA Charlemsee Olson submitted the report by e-mail (see Appendix G)d. CONSALD No report from CONSALD.e. MELA Ali Houissa could not attend the meeting and submitted MELA report by e-mail (See Appendix H)9. CCS meeting on Friday Alan Grosenheider reported that at the Midwinter 2002 CCS meeting, it was clarified this committees liaison relation with LC was sufficient for notification of any approved decisions. He also informed the committee that CCS was considering authorizing “Interest Groups” in addition to, or instead of “Discussion Groups.”10. CC:DA report Shi Deng replaced Chalermsee Olson as representative to CCDA and gave a brief oral report. Her written report came later (See Appendix I)11. MARBI report None.12. Change of chair and membershipAlan Grosenheider recommended that this committee propose to CCS and establish a vice-chair to ensure a two-year leadership overlaps. This suggestion will be followed up by next chair.There was some discussion on the chronic problem of ALCTSs inability of posting committee material on the Internet. Despite repeated attempts by the committee to request ALCTS Office to post meeting agenda and minutes on the committees page, nothing has happened. Alan Grosenheider said that ALCTS had hired a full-time web editor and the problem might be solved in the near future.Meeting was adjourned at 11:55 a.m.Respectfully submitted by Selina LinAppendix AChineseRULES OF APPLICATIONRomanization1.ALALC romanization of ideographic characters used for the Chinese language follows the principles of the Pinyin (spell sound) system. The Pinyin system was developed in the mid 20th century for creating Latin script readings for Chinese script ideographic characters. It replaces the WadeGiles system of romanization specified in earlier editions of the ALALC Romanization Tables. The Pinyin system as outlined in Han yu pin yin fang an 汉语拼音方案 (1962) is followed closely for creating romanizations except that the ALALC guidelines do not include the indication of tone marks.2.Standard Chinese national (PRC) pronunciation is used as the basis for creating the Latin script reading of a character. When it is necessary to make semantic distinctions between multiple readings of a single character, rely upon the usage of the most recent comprehensive edition of Ci hai 辞海 (published in China by Shanghai ci shu chu ban she). To determine contemporary pronunciation, or when there is a conflict in pronunciation between different sources, it is appropriate to follow the guidance of a more recent dictionary (such as Xian dai Han yu ci dian 现代汉语词典, Zhonghua da zi dian 中華大字典 , Han yu da ci dian 漢語大詞典, and/or Xin Hua zi dian 新华字典). More specialized dictionaries (such as Zhongguo li dai yi jia zhuan lu 中國歷代醫家傳錄 , pub. 1991) may be consulted if necessary. Judgment should be used in choosing between modern authoritative dictionaries and older standard dictionaries.3. Romanize words of non-Chinese origin systematically in all cases, even though normalized nonsystematic romanizations are known or the word comes from a Latin script language.乌鲁木齐Wulumuqi not Urumchi 哈尔滨市Haerbin Shi not Harbin 芝加哥Zhijiage not Chicago 東京Dongjing not TokyoSeparation of SyllablesSeparate the romanization of each Chinese character with a space. This includes corporate names, terms of address and titles of royalty. Do not join syllables of general, non-specific geographic terms.明清小说比较研究Ming Qing xiao shuo bi jiao yan jiu 李白和他的诗歌Li Bai he ta de shi ge 地震文化与社会发展 Di zhen wen hua yu she hui fa zhan 商務印書館Shang wu yin shu guan李登輝先生言論集Li Denghui xian sheng yan lun ji塔尔寺修缮工程报告Ta er si xiu shan gong cheng bao gao中国老年文物研究学会 Zhongguo lao nian wen wu yan jiu xue hui西北国棉四厂Xi bei guo mian 4 chang or Xi bei guo mian si chang1. Terms of address. A term of address may follow a surname, a courtesy name, or another appellation. Separate syllables in the term of address; capitalize only the first letter. If a term appearing as an integral part of a name is not a title or term of address, romanize the name in running form, as a forename (see below).林老师Lin lao shi韋大夫Wei dai fu白沙先生Baisha xian sheng晦菴先生Huian xian sheng蔣經國先生Jiang Jingguo xian sheng2. Titles, and titles of royalty. Syllables in a title should be separated and written in lower-case. If a term appearing as an integral part of a name is not a title or term of address, romanize the name in running form, as a forename. An epithet is separated from the name of a person, using lower case letters and separated syllables.董鄂妃Donge fei慈禧皇后Cixi huang hou秦始皇帝Qin shi huang di楊太后Yang tai hou3. General, non-specific geographic terms. Some terms have both general and specific usage, depending upon context. For example, when the term 东北 refers to the direction northeast, or, in a general way, to the Northeast, separate syllables; when it is used to refer specifically to Manchuria, capitalize and join syllables.华东Hua dong西北xi bei东北dong bei陕北Shan beiBut:东北林学院Dongbei lin xue yuanConnection of syllables.1. Join together (without spaces or hyphens) the syllables associated with multi-character surnames and given names. Also join together given names, Buddhist names, courtesy names, etc., in more than one syllable. For example: 孫中山Sun Zhongshan 歐陽修Ouyang Xiu司馬相如Sima Xiangru尼克森Nikesen康有為Kang Youwei1A. Forenames, given names, courtesy names. A forename does not include a persons surname. Only capitalize the first letter of a forename. If a term appearing as an integral part of a name is not a title or term of address, romanize the name in running form.無 名氏Wumingshi梧岗主人Wugangzhuren雲谷老人Yungulaoren 孔子Kongzi老子Laozi浩然Haoran1B. Married women. Separate and capitalize family names.蔣宋美齡Jiang Song Meiling陳趙月英Chen Zhao Yueying1C. Fictional characters. The names of fictional characters are romanized in the same manner as those of real people.骆驼祥子Luo tuo Xiangzi秦可卿Qin Keqing1D. Names of persons of religious vocation. Separate a term of address from a family name or forename.惠能Huineng智顗大師Zhiyi da shi元賢沙門Yuanxian sha men1E. Personal names appearing as part of the names of corporate bodies and meetings are romanized in the same manner as all other personal names.中山大學Zhongshan da xue刘少奇研究论文集编辑组“Liu Shaoqi yan jiu lun wen ji” bian ji zu周恩来研究学术讨论会Zhou Enlai yan jiu xue shu tao lun hui2. Join together (without spaces or hyphens) the syllables associated with multi-character geographic names. Do not join the names of jurisdictions and topographical features to geographic names, but separate them from the proper name by a space.中华人民共和国史稿Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo shi gao臺灣省立博物館Taiwan sheng li bo wu guan西藏自治区文物管理委员会Xizang Zizhiqu wen wu guan li wei yuan hui东北林学院Dongbei lin xue yuan 楊子江Yangzi Jiang 广州市Guangzhou Shi 安徽省Anhui Sheng商丘地区Shangqiu Diqu鹿港镇Lugang Zhen 纽约市Niuyue Shi 甘南藏族自治州Gannan Zangzu Zizhizhou翠亨村Cuiheng Cun浦棠乡Putang Xiang海南岛Hainan Dao2A. Names of countries. Connect syllables according to the practice followed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.中华人民共和国 Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo朝鲜民主主义人民共和国Chaoxian Minzhu Zhuyi Renmin Gongheguo中華民國 Zhonghua Minguo2B. Generic terms for geographical features are capitalized and separated from the names of the features.海南岛Hainan Dao太平洋Taiping Yang长江Chang Jiang长江口Changjiang Kou长江大饭店Changjiang da fan dian汾河Fen He汾河水库Fenhe Shuiku梵净山Fanjing Shan梵净山自然保护区Fanjingshan Ziran Baohuqu黄土高原Huangtu Gaoyuan印度半島Yindu Bandao2C. Two-syllable place names, in which the second syllable is a generic term. Separate and capitalize a generic term for the jurisdiction.吳縣Wu Xian祁縣Qi Xian2D. Place names consisting of more than two syllables. Separate and capitalize a generic term for the jurisdiction.安徽省Anhui Sheng广州市Guangzhou Shi高雄市Gaoxiong Shi宝山区Baoshan Qu鹿港镇Lugang Zhen翠亨村Cuiheng Cun尚丘地区Shangqiu Diqu干南藏族自治州Gannan Zangzu Zizhizhou2E. Obsolete terms for administrative units are romanized in the same manner as the names of contemporary places.福寧州Funing Zhou昌平州Changping Zhou錦州府Jinzhou Fu安順府Anshun Fu2F. Names of non-Chinese jurisdictions are romanized in the same manner as the names of Chinese jurisdictions.加州Jia Zhou紐約市Niuyue Shi亞洲 Ya Zhou東南亞Dong nan Ya 南朝鲜Nan Chaoxian2G. Terms for archaeological sites, bridges, and other constructions of geographic extent are capitalized and separated from the names themselves. Individual syllables of multi-syllable generic terms are connected together.泸州长江大桥Luzhou Changjiang Daqiao黄壁庄水库Huangbizhuang Shuiku京杭运河Jing Hang Yunhe2H. Names of buildings and other constructions of less than geographic extent. Syllables are separated and not capitalized, except for proper nouns.黄鶴楼Huang he lou聖果寺Sheng guo si2I. Names of continents and regions. Generic terms are separated and capitalized in the names of continents and regions. Distinguish when a term refers to a region, and when it refers to direction or position.亞洲Ya Zhou東南亞Dong nan Ya北美洲Bei Mei Zhou東北dong bei (when referring to direction or position)but:東北Dongbei (when referring to the particular area formerly known as Manchuria)2J. Personal names appearing as part of geographic names are romanized in the same manner as all other personal names.张自忠路Zhang Zizhong Lu3. Join together transliterations of two or more characters comprising the names of racial, linguistic, or tribal groupings of mankind. Join the term zu (for tribe or people) to a name only in proper names of places. 基督徒Jidu tu 桐城派Tongcheng pai 毛南族Maonan zu 美国人Meiguo ren 客家话Kejia hua苗族风情录Miao zu feng qing luBut:德宏傣族景颇族自治州Dehong Daizu Jingpozu Zizhizhou4. Add an apostrophe before joined syllables that begin with a vowel in cases of ambiguity. For example: 長安市Changan Shi to distinguish it from Changan Shi延安市Yanan Shi to distinguish it from Yanan Shi张章昂Zhang Zhangang to distinguish it from 张占钢Zhang Zhangang劉正安Liu, Zhengan to distinguish it from刘镇干Liu, ZhenganCapitalization1.Capitalize the first word of a proper noun.2.Capitalize the first word of a corporate name. Capitalize the first word of the name of a corporate subdivision appearing in conjunction with the name of the larger body only when the subdivision is used in headings.3.Capitalize each separately written word of a geographical name. Capitalize the first word of the names of a dynasty.4.Capitalize the first word of the title of a book, periodical, or series.Punctuation1.Transcribe a centered point ( ) indicating coordinate words as a comma. Represent a centered point indicating a space by a space. 索尔 呗娄Suoer Bailou 理查 M 尼克逊Licha M Nikexun 理想 劳动 幸福li xiang, lao dong, xing fu2.Transcribe brackets ( ) or angle brackets () used in the manner of quotation marks (“. “) as quotation marks.编 纂 委 员 会 “Qi Xian zhi” bian zuan wei yuan huiDates1.Romanize non-numerical dates as separated