04.1动力装置.doc

4 动力装置POWER PLANT4.1 航空发动机类型AERO-ENGINE TYPE喷气式发动机jet engine空气喷气发动机aerojet engine涡轮发动机turbine engine涡轮喷气发动机turbo jet engine涡轮风扇（涡扇）发动机turbo-fan engine燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine engine轴流式涡轮喷气发动机axial turbojet engine单转子涡轮喷气发动机single-spool turbo-jet engine双转子涡轮喷气发动机two-spool turbo-jet engine单轴发动机single-shaft engine双轴发动机two-shaft engine亚音速喷气发动机subsonic jet engine安装于机身的发动机fuselage-mounted engine安装于机翼的发动机wing-mounted engine辅助动力装置Auxiliary Power Unit APU4.2 发动机部件/系统ENGINE COMPONENT/SYSTEM4.2.1 发动机整流罩ENGINE COWLING短舱nacelle进气道inlet 进气锥inlet dome风扇段整流罩fan cowl风扇段舱门fan cowl door风扇管道整流罩fan duct cowl反推力装置整流罩thrust reverser cowl固定整流罩fixed cowl可移动整流罩movable cowl反推力装置外罩环T/R outer sleeve反推力装置内罩环T/R inner sleeve后部发动机核心段整流罩aft engine core cowl喷管整流罩nozzle cowl主喷管primary nozzle风扇排气喷管fan exhaust nozzle中心体centerbody4.2.2动力装置相关术语和零/组件TERM AND PART/ASSY RELATIVE TO POWER PLANT推力thrust 单位推力specific thrust单位迎面推力thrust per frontal area推重比thrust to weight ratio耗油率,耗油量fuel consumption单位耗油率specific fuel consumption热效率thermal efficiency推进效率propulsive efficiency总效率overall efficiency空气流量airflow涵道比bypass ratio增压比pressure ratio发动机特性engine characteristics设计点design point 非设计点off-design point速度特性velocity characteristics高度特性altitude characteristics节流特性throttle characteristics发动机加速性engine acceleration发动机减速性engine deceleration共同工作线operating line声学处理acoustic treatment消声壁板acoustic panel 声学衬垫acoustic liner防冰anti-icing短舱防冰nacelle anti-icing进气道防冰inlet anti-icing发动机起动engine start地面起动ground start空中起动air start热起动hot start起动（转速）悬挂hung start发动机工况engine operating condition / power rating最大起飞maximum take-off最大连续maximum continuous经济巡航economic cruising灵活起飞flexible takeoff灵活减推起飞re-rated takeoff降低推力起飞derated takeoff复飞go around飞行慢车flight idle进近慢车approach idle反推慢车reverse idle着陆慢车landing idle风车windmill风车转速windmill speed空中停车in-flight shutdown单发停车engine-out单发失效one engine inoperative丧失推力控制loss of thrust control手动功率储备manual power reserve自动功率储备automatic power reserve发动机engine当地发动机local engine对侧发动机cross engine发动机压力比engine pressure ratio发动机状态，功率状态engine rating发动机转速engine speed每分钟转数rotations per minute核心机转子转速core rotor speed发动机熄火engine flameout发动机燃油控制开关engine fuel control switch发动机起动机控制开关engine starter control switch发动机接口控制组件engine interface control unit发动机状态监控engine condition monitoring发动机振动监控engine vibration monitoring集成发动机振动监控integrated engine vibration monitoring发动机电子控制Engine Electronic Control EEC全权数字式发动机控制Full Authority Digital Engine Control FADEC自动起飞推力控制系统automatic takeoff thrust control system推力管理系统thrust management system起飞推力参数控制函数takeoff thrust parameters control function油门台throttle control quadrant油门杆角度throttle lever angle, power lever angle超速保护overspeed protection隔离控制组件isolated control unit隔离控制活门isolated control valve在控通道in-control channel线性可变差动传感器Linear Variable Differential Transformer LVDT旋转可变差动传感器Rotary Variable Differential Transformer RVDT永磁（交流）发电机Permanent Magnet Alternator PMA引气活门bleed valve防火密封件fireseals涡流控制装置Vortex Control Device VCD涡流发生器vortex generator阻气门blocker door导流板deflector抗压垫compression pad整流罩检修门cowl access doors导轨track滑轨slider(反推）整流罩锁cowl lock组合驱动发电机Integrated Driven Generator IDG发动机驱动泵engine driven pump发动机滑油箱/压力释放门 engine oil tank / pressure relief door空气涡轮起动机air turbine starter起动机空气排放管starter air discharge duct发电机冷却空气进口generator cooling air overboard port燃油计量组件fuel metering unit燃油计量活门fuel metering valve燃油低压电门fuel low pressure switch燃油滤弹出旁通电门fuel filter impending bypass switch滑油注入口oil filler access滑油低压电门oil low pressure switch滑油滤弹出旁通电门oil filter impending bypass switch滑油金属屑探测电门oil chip detector switch齿轮箱gearbox附件齿轮箱accessory gearbox传动附件齿轮箱transfer gearbox电阻式温度设备resistance temperature device压力调节关断活门pressure-regulating shutoff valve高压调节关断活门high pressure-regulating shutoff valve整流罩吊点cowl sling point整流罩安全锁cowl safety latch整流罩撑杆cowl support strut (rod)整流罩铰链cowl hinge(整流罩)作动器锁组件actuator lock assembly快卸销quick release pin发动机短舱engine nacelle发动机吊挂engine pylon吊挂挡板pylon aprons发动机提升接头hoist fitting发动机安装架engine mount安装螺栓mounting bolts安装接头attach fitting电气导线electrical harness4.2.3 进气道INLET进气机匣inlet case轴对称进气道axisymmetric inlet亚音速进气道subsonic inlet有中心整流锥体的进气道central-body inlet收敛扩散形进气道convergent-divergent inlet固定唇部的进气道fixed-lip inlet低阻力进气道low drag inlet二元进气道two-dimensional inlet三元进气道three-dimensional inlet自由流管面积free-stream tube area捕获面积capture area预压缩pre-compression总压恢复系数total pressure recovery coefficient质量流量系数mass-flow coefficient压力畸变pressure distortion工作状态，工况operating condition喉道throat进口导向叶片Inlet Guide Vane IGV进气道动态特征inlet dynamic characteristic进气道唇口inlet lip进气道与发动机匹配match of inlet and engine进气道试验inlet test4.2.4 压气机COMPRESSOR轴流式压气机axial-flow compressor涡轮驱动的压气机turbine-driven compressor单转子压气机single-spool compressor单转子轴向式压气机single-spool axial compressor双转子压气机twin-spool compressor双转子轴向式压气机twin-spool axial compressor高增压比轴流式压气机high-pressure ratio axial-flow compressor高压压气机high-pressure HP compressor中压压气机intermediate-pressure IP compressor增压级booster低压压气机low-pressure LP compressor单级压气机single-stage compressor双级压气机double-stage compressor三级压气机three-stage compressor多级压气机multiple-stage compressor低压级压气机low-stage compressor高压级压气机high-stage compressor燃气涡轮压气机gas-turbine compressor喷气发动机压气机jet-engine compressor双轴压气机twin shaft compressor叶片式压气机vane compressor亚音速压气机subsonic compressor跨音速压气机transonic compressor压气机机匣compressor case (casing)压气机出口压力compressor discharge pressure低压系统LOW PRESSURE LP SYSTEM低压机匣lower pressure case风扇fan风扇轴fan shaft风扇安装盘fan disc (disk)风扇叶片fan blade风扇出口导向叶片fan outlet guide vane 风扇空气活门fan air valve FAV风扇转子转速fan rotor speed风扇转速配平fan speed trim中压系统INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE IP SYSTEM增压级压气机booster compressor增压级转子组件booster rotor assembly增压级静子组件booster stator assembly增压级转子叶片booster blade增压级静子叶片booster vane增压级进口导向叶片booster inlet guide vane中压压气机转子IP compressor rotor中压压气机静子IP compressor stator高压系统HIGH PRESSURE HP SYSTEM高压压气机HP compressor压气机转子compressor rotor鼓筒式转子drum-type rotor盘式转子disc-type rotor盘鼓式（混合式）转子disc-drum rotors压气机静子compressor stator压气机转子叶片compressor rotor blade压气机静子叶片（整流叶片）compressor stator vane可调进口导向叶片variable inlet guide vane静子叶片vane可调静子叶片variable stator vane固定静子叶片stationary stator vane扩压器diffuser放气机构air bleed unit可调放气活门variable bleed valve过渡放气活门transient bleed valve压气机级compressor stage亚音级subsonic stage跨音级transonic stage超音级supersonic stage压气机空气流量compressor air flow压气机效率compressor efficiency压气机增压比pressure ratio of compressor轴流式压气机通道axial-flow compressor passage二元流two-dimensional flow三元流three-dimensional flow压气机特性compressor characteristic设计点与非设计点design point and off- design point旋转失速rotating stall压气机喘振compressor surging压气机失速compressor stall喘振边界surge limit喘振裕度surge margin机匣处理casing treatment压气机试验compressor test试验相似条件testing similar condition4.2.5 燃烧室COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMBUSTOR分管燃烧室multiple combustion chamber环形燃烧室annular combustion chamber联管燃烧室tube-annular combustion chamber混合燃烧室mixed combustion chamber管形燃烧室can-type combustion chamber筒环形燃烧室cannular combustion chamber空气混合室air-mixing chamber涡轮喷气发动机燃烧室turbojet combustion chamber涡轮风扇喷气发动机燃烧室turbofan combustion chamber阻流式燃烧室baffle-type chamber定压燃烧室constant-pressure combustor等温燃烧室constant-temperature combustor高负荷燃烧室high loading combustor高压环形燃烧室high pressure annular combustor燃气发生器gas generator有效燃烧active combustion绝热燃烧adiabatical combustion定压燃烧constant-pressure combustion定容燃烧constant-volume combustion分散燃烧distributed combustion富油燃烧fuel-rich combustion高压燃烧high-pressure combustion高速燃烧high-velocity combustion均匀燃烧homogeneous combustion理想燃烧ideal combustion不完全燃烧imperfect combustion, poor combustion起始燃烧initiating combustion瞬时燃烧instantaneous combustion反常燃烧irregular combustion等压燃烧isobaric combustion不稳定燃烧nonsteady combustion不持续燃烧nonsustaining combustion正常燃烧，充分燃烧normal combustion富氧化剂燃烧oxidizer-rich combustion局部燃烧partial combustion完全燃烧perfect combustion延迟燃烧retarded combustion定常流燃烧steady-flow combustion亚音速燃烧subsonic combustion表面燃烧surface combustion持续燃烧sustained combustion燃烧理论combustion theory燃烧效率combustion efficiency总压恢复系数coefficient of total pressure recovery阻力系数drag coefficient扩压器效率diffuser efficiency静压恢复系数coefficient of static pressure recovery热损失heat loss低热值low calorific value余气系数excess air coefficient油气比fuel-air ratio加温比temperature ratio出口温度分布exit temperature distribution出口温度分布系数exit temperature distribution coefficient点火特性ignition characteristic点火能量ignition energy点火时间ignition time点火延迟ignition delay停留时间residence time火焰传播速度flame velocity熄火特性blowout characteristic燃烧产物combustion product排气发散exhaust emission过渡区intermediate zone掺混区dilution zone流量系数discharge coefficient燃烧室壁温combustor wall temperature燃烧室冷却combustor cooling燃烧室机匣combustor casing燃烧室外机匣combustor outer casing扩压器diffuser火焰筒flame tube, burner 气膜冷却式火焰筒film-cooled flame tube发汗冷却式火焰筒sweat-cooled flame tube4.2.6 涡轮TURBINE轴流式涡轮axial-flow turbine单级涡轮single-stage turbine两级涡轮two-stage turbine三级涡轮three-stage turbine多级涡轮multistage turbine亚音速涡轮subsonic turbine跨音速涡轮transonic turbine高压涡轮High Pressure Turbine HPT中压涡轮Intermediate Pressure Turbine IPT低压涡轮Low Pressure Turbine LPT燃气涡轮gas turbine空气驱动涡轮air-driven turbine冲压空气涡轮Ram Air Turbine RAT涡轮外机匣turbine outer case涡轮导向叶片turbine guide vanes涡轮转子turbine rotor涡轮轴turbine shaft涡轮转子叶片turbine rotor blades涡轮静子叶片（导向叶片）turbine stator vanes, (nozzle guide vane)涡轮静子turbine stator叶片blade, vane导向叶片guide vane涡轮进口温度turbine inlet gas temperature涡轮级间温度Interstage Turbine Temperature ITT高压涡轮主动间隙控制high pressure turbine active clearance control低压涡轮主动间隙控制low pressure turbine active clearance control涡轮效率turbine efficiency高温涡轮试验high temperature turbine test涡轮叶片冷却效果试验cooling effectiveness test of turbine blade全尺寸涡轮试验full size turbine test4.2.7 发动机排气系统ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM风扇排气fan exhaust涡轮排气turbine exhaust涡轮排气整流锥turbine exhaust cone (plug)尾喷管tailpipe nozzle排气管exhaust pipe亚音速喷管subsonic nozzle消音喷管sound-suppression nozzle反推(力）装置thrust reverser T/R靶式反推装置target-type thrust reverser门式反推装置door-type thrust reverser叶栅式反推装置cascade-type thrust reverser风扇函道反推装置fan thrust reverser内函道反推装置turbin