中考英语 第三部分各种题型 第5讲 阅读理解复习课件.ppt

第5讲阅读理解 阅读理解是任何一种英语考试中所占分值最大的部分 由此可见 阅读理解部分的成绩是直接关系到考生能否通过考试或取得优异成绩的关键 因此 如何提高阅读理解水平 尤其是掌握阅读理解的应试技巧 就成为考生非常关注的问题 阅读理解中的文章内容主要涉及两大类 一类是科技方面的 如有关医学 动植物 海洋 地质 遗传 语言 天文 空间技术等 另一类是社会方面的 如有关历史 文化 家庭 婚姻 教育 伦理 犯罪 娱乐 交通 住房 环境 能源等 体裁多样化 包括记叙文 说明文 议论文等 但从实际情况 看 用作阅读理解的文章基本上以后两种体裁为主 即载有一定信息量的说明文和有作者观点的议论文 说明文 议论文会对一些社会 自然 思维等现象和问题进行解释 阐述和论证 它们的特点是信息量大且比较复杂 逻辑性强 主要由抽象思维如概括 判断 推理等组成的 这类文章理解的障碍主要来自于句子的复杂结构和长句 其中句子的平均长度和复杂程度都高于其他一般的语言材料 一 选择型阅读理解题 一 考查内容 1 考查考生掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意的能力 此类考题多针对段落或短文的主题和标题设计 主要提问方式有 1 whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage 2 what sthemainideaofthepassage 3 thispassagemainlytalksabout 2 考查考生把握文章事实和细节的能力 此类考题一般在 文章中都能找到相对应的答案 主要提问方式有 1 whichofthefollowingistrue nottrue 2 whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned 3 fromthefirst second third paragraphweknowthat 3 考查考生根据上下文猜测词义或句意的能力 此类考题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词 短语或句子的准确含义 主要提问方式有 1 theword inthepassage mostprobably means 2 theunderlinedwordinthepassage thefirst second third paragraph refersto 4 考查考生依据图表 短文内容及常识进行推理和判断的能力 此类考题要求考生在理解和掌握全文的基础上进行推理和判断 主要提问方式有 1 whatcanweknowaccordingtothepassage 2 wecanguessthewriterofthepassagemaybe 3 fromthetextwecanknowthat 5 考查考生推断文章来源的能力 主要提问方式有 1 thistextismostprobablytakenfrom 2 wherecanweseethispassage 二 解题技巧 1 通篇略读法 通篇略读法有三个目的 1 对文章有一个总的概括和印象 2 了解文章的中心思想和作者的基本观点与立场 3 记住文章的信息方位 它要求考生多注意文章的主题句 一般在段落的首尾处 和关键词 可略过具体的论述 细节 数字等 这种方法较适合于叙述性的故事或说明文 2 照题阅读法 照题阅读法用于以下两种情况 1 在通篇略读之后 遇到非细节的 较难解决的问题时 2 在做图片或表格阅读题 也就是a篇阅读 时 照题阅读法的步骤为 1 先读问题 根据问 题提供的线索 在文章中找到相对应的地方 2 仔细阅读和问题有关的前后句子 3 再回到试题 仔细比较四个选择项 确定正确答案 一般来说 照题阅读法对于细节题和猜测词义题效果较好 3 运用大局观点 分析选项 确定正确答案 当面对形式和内容极为相似的选项 一定要有大局的观点 保持清醒的头脑 此时有两种方法 一是对比排除法 即通过联系全文 或者运用常识 将最不可能的答案一一排除 剩下最可能的答案 二是汉语思维 即在阅读较难的文章或较复杂的句子时 把较难的句子在头脑里翻译出来 转换成用汉语来思维 这种方法有时候可以事半功倍 二 配对型阅读理解题 配对阅读一般有两种形式 一种是五个小题涉及的是完全不同的主题 这类题目相对容易 只要抓住每个小题的关键词 在选项中寻找相同的关键词即可 另一种是五个小题涉及的是基本一样的主题 这类题目难度较大 在抓住每个小题的关键词的同时 还要细读题目 认真比较才能选出正确答案 做配对阅读题可以采用扫读法 即先了解题干包含的信息 然后针对性地对各个选项进行扫读或跳读 再将相关信息进行整合 甄别 分析 对比 排除干扰项 选出正确答案 一 2011年广东省初中毕业生学业考试 a lcfclubs welcometolcflanguageclubsandmusic gymclubs learnwithsongs storiesandgamesinfunfrenchorspanish clubs affordableafter schoolcare funmusic gymclubsforyoungchildren learnwithstories games movementandrhymesin jazz mataz phone 02392370863 email joinus thesecanbetaughtonline ataschoolcluboratalocallcfcenter youcandoitafterschoolorlunchtime therearealsochancestoteachin school manyschoolsnowneedlcfteachersbecausetheyknowlcfprovidesexcellenttrainingandsupplies lcfteacherswiththebestresources 资源 comeonandtryityourselfatourlocalclubnearyourhome 56 wecan infunfrenchorspanishclubs a haveapartyb playchess c makefriendsd watchmovies 57 inlcfclubs childrencan a joinfunpaintingandgymclubsb geteducationatschoolclubsonlyc learnwithsongs gamesandcookingd learnwithstories gamesandmovement c d 58 jazz matazisforchildrenwhocanspeak a spanish b english c chinese d french 59 ifyouwanttojoinanlcfclub you dbetternot a postaletterc gotothelocalclub b sendanemaild makeaphonecall 60 fromthepassageabove wecanknow a lcfisalanguageandscienceschoolincanadab lcfhaslanguageclubsandmusic gymclubsc lcfmusic gymclubscanbefoundjustonlined lcfprovidesexcellenttraining teachersanddoctors b a b b manyofusdon tpaymuchattentiontotheimportanceofeyecare itissaidthatifyoutakecareofyourbody thenyoucansurelybehealthy thatiswhyoureyesshouldbegivenalotofcare naturaleyecareshouldbeputinanumberoneplace thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenot enoughfood genes 基因 andaging 老化 televisions computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable itisbadfor youreyes too ifthishappens thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings forexample sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromuvrays eatinghealthyfoodswilldogoodtoyoureyesight rememberthatvitaminsa candearegoodforeyes trytoeatfoodgroupsthathavethesevitamins andyoushoulddoeyeexercisesbecauseexerciseprotectsyoureyesight too ifapersonexercisesregularly 定期地 andeats therightkindoffood hiseyeswillstayin goodconditionforalongtime allabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes beinghappyallthetimecanbehelpfultoaperson seyesight too inaword eyecareisveryimportant nomatterhowoldapersonis 61 isthemostimportantwaytoprotectour eyes a naturaleyecareb takingmedicinec seeingthedoctor d beinghappyallthetime a 62 allthefollowingcausescanleadtobadeyesightexcept a agec reading b heightd computers 63 whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetoworkinfrontofthecomputer a eathealthyfoods b cleantheeyesbyusingcoldwater c wearapairofsunglasses d havearestafterworkingforawhile b d 64 whatdotheunderlinedwords uvrays mean a 沙尘b 闪电 c 紫外线d 超声波 65 whichisthebesttitleofthepassage a waysofeyecare b waysofeyeexercisesc waysofbeinghappyd waysofbeinghealthy c a c 配对阅读 左栏是五个人的兴趣描述 右栏是七个网站的 简介 请将这五个人与他们感兴趣的网站配对 66 georgelovesdogsverymuch heregardsdogsashisfriends nowhekeepstwoinhishouse heis informationandnewsaboutthem a http classicalchinesenovelscanbefoundhere suchasjourneytothewest legendofwhitesnakeandthreekingdoms youcanknowsomething interestedinallkindsofaboutchinesehistorybyreadingthe longstories theyaregoodforyoutoreadonline e 67 amyisaschoolgirl readingshortstoriesisherhobby everynight shewouldliketoreadoneafterfini shingherhomework 68 judylikeslisteningtopopsongs shewouldliketodownload 下载 sometohermp4sothatshecanenjoythemwhereversheis b http doyouwanttosearchfortheperfectgiftsuggestions wehavemanyforyou fromexpensivegiftstospecialandnewones youwillbepleasedwithouradvice clickourwebsitenow c http www ez thelatestandthegreatestsongsofalltimesandtodaylikekatyperry sikissedagirlwithez trackscanbefoundhere youcanlistenonlineordownloadsomeforfuturelistening d c 69 henryisaveryactiveboy helikesplayingballgamesaswellaswatchingthem heisalsointerestedinsearchingnewsaboutgamesandsportsstars theinternetforideas mother sdayis d http thiswebsiteisgoodforthosewhoareinterestedinreadingstoriesandpoems youcanexperiencethejoybyreadingsuchfineshortworks wehopetheywillexcitepeopleagainintodiscoveringthehappinessthattheexcellente booksbring 70 katelikessurfing g b e http youcangetanimalpictures photos coming shewantstodosomethingdifferenttothankhermotherthisyear videos facts photogalleriesandmoreinourweb ittellsyoualotaboutlivingstylesofanimals theanimalstructureandthefoodtheyeat youcanalsoreadnewsaboutthemhere f http watchandlistentodifferentkindsofmusicvideosonline suchasclassicalmusic popmusic countrymusic rockandroll etc getthelatestmusicvideos news interviewsandmore g http thebestsportsaroundtheworldincludefootball basketball golf rugby wwe boxing tennisandmore getthelatestsportsscores professionalplayers teamnews videos schedulesandfantasygames 二 2010年广东省初中毕业生学业考试 a freeactivitiesthisweekend 56 thereare activitiesthatpeoplecandoindoors a two b three c four d five 57 peoplecantastefoodfromdifferentcountries a atyunhaisquareb inthecitylibraryhallc inthecitymuseumd infrontofthecityhall 58 thosewhowanttofindarightjobshould a listentothelecturec bringfoodanddrink b buypresentsd gotothefashionshow b d a 59 mr leewantstotaketwoskirtsforhiswifeafterthefashionshow heneedstopay a morethan200yuanc lessthan200yuan b atleast300yuand nothingatall 60 ifpeoplewanttogetsomeinformationaboutsomeforeigncountries theycan a seethemoviesb gotothepopconcertc seethefashionshowd gotothelibrarylecture c a b clothesareimportantandnecessarytous butdoyouknowhowtochoosesuitableclothesinacorrectway herearesomeideasforyou whenyougoshoppingandwanttobuysomeclothes youshouldthinkaboutwhichkindofclothesyoureallyneedanddecidehowmuchmoneyyoucanspendonthem thenlookatthelabelsthatareinsidethenewclothes theytellyouhowtotakecareoftheclothes thelabelforashirtmaytellyoutowashitinwarmwater asweaterlabelmaytellyoutowashitincoldwater thelabelonacoatmaysay drycleanonly andcleaninginwatermay ruin 损坏 thiscoat ifyoudoasthedirectionssayonthelabel youcankeepyourclotheslookingtheirbest manyclothestodaymustbedry cleaned drycleaningisexpensive whenbuyingnewclothesyouhadbettercheckiftheyneedtobedry cleaned youcansavemoneyifyoubuyclothesthatcanbewashedorthatarewellmade well madeclotheslastlonger theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes clothesthatcostmoremoneydon talwaysmeantheyarebettermade theymaynotfityou either ontheotherhand lessexpensiveclothesmaysometimeslookbetterandfityouwell 61 thefirstthingforyoutodobeforeyoubuyclothesis a toknowhowtowashthemb tolookforwell madeclothes c toreadthedirectionsinsidethem d toseewhichkindofclothesyouneed 62 accordingtothepassage asweatermaybe a washedincoldwaterb washedonceaweekc washedinhotwaterd dry cleanedonly d a 63 whatdoestheunderlinedword label mean a 品牌 b 标签 c 价格 d 尺寸 64 lookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedalotoftimes a cheapclothesc dry cleanedclothes b expensiveclothesd well madeclothes 65 themainideaforthepassageis a buyinglessexpensiveclothesb washingclothesinarightwayc beingacleverclothesshopperd choosingthewell madeclothes b d c c 配对阅读 左栏是五个人的情况简介 右栏是澳大利亚广 fan helovestogetthenewsaboutthelatestmovies hisfavoriteaustralianactorisnicolekidman 播公司 abc 的七个电视节目 请将这五个人与他们感兴趣的节目配对 66 johnisamoviea triptotheplanets it sadocumentaryaboutplanets ithassixepisodes 集 andeachonelasts55minutes afterwatchingit youwillknowmoreaboutthespace f 67 aliceisahousewifewhohas cookingandwantstolearntocookdifferentkindsoffoodforherfamily 68 jennyisamiddleschoolstudent inherspare b irockthedaily30 minutecomedytellsastory threechildren shelovesaboutarockbandcalledboycrazy the bandistryingtobecomefamousintheworld enjoythefunnycomedyandtherockmusicaswell c mediawatchaustralia sleadingtalkshowabouttv radio newspaperandinternet itfocusesonthosewhomakethenewsanddelivertheworldtoourhome suchasthe time sheusuallylistensreporters editors andphotographers g b torockmusicandwatchestv herfavoritetvshowsarecomediesbutshecan tstanddocumentariesatall 69 jimmylovestalkshows hewantstobeareporterandworkinatvstationinthe d thechangesofaustraliashareyourstoriesaboutlifeinaustraliafrom1945 youcanhaveyourownphotosorvideos theycanbefunnyorsad bigeventsorthesmallthingsofeverydaylife e bigideasatalkshowabouteverythingthatisthemostinterestingandchallenging andeverywherefromcitiestothecountrysideandfromthesouthtothe future sohewouldlikenorthacrossaustralia c fromthetalkshow oldnow hemovedtoaustraliain1950 todayheisstillmissingthelifeinaustraliainthe1950sandoftenmentionsit tolearnmoreabouttvf atthemovies it satalkshowaboutmovies itgoesinto 70 samis80yearstheworldofcinemaeveryweekandtells youwhat snewonthebigscreen andithasinterviewswiththefamousdirectorsoractors g pan skitchenitusedtobecalledmasterchef nowithasanewnamebecauseoftheladywhoiscalledpanling shecancookchinesefoodandwesternfood d 三 2009年广东省初中毕业生学业考试 a 56 theanimalsintongjiangzooarefrom a yunnanc northeastchina b southchinad differentplaces 57 mrandmrsgreenaregoingtothezoowiththeirfive year oldson theyhavetopay forthetickets a fifteenyuanc forty fiveyuan b thirtyyuand sixtyyuan 58 thezooclosesat onweekends a 5 30p m c 9 00a m b 4 30p m d 8 00a m d d a 59 visitors inthezoo a mustn ttakephotoswithallanimals b mustn tgoclosetothedangerousanimalsc cangivefoodtotheanimalsd canthrowyourthingsaround 60 whichofthefollowingisnottrue a thezoohasahistoryofmorethantwentyyears b youcanseemanyrare 珍贵的 animalsinthezoo c youcansee2 000kindsofdifferentanimalsinthezoo d youcangetsomebasicknowledgeoftheanimalsinthe zoo b c b thefirstrobotswereinventedinthe1920s robotshaveappearedinmanyamericanfilms insomefilms theyarestronger fasterandclevererthanpeople inreallife robotsaremainlyusedinfactories theydosome dangerousanddifficultjobsforhumans robotsalsohelpdisabledpeople forexample blind people todaymanyblindpeoplehaveaguide 向导 dogtohelp them inthefuture guidedogsmightberobotdogs onekindofrobotguidedoghaswheels itmovesinfrontoftheowner itisveryclever itknowsthespeedofitsowner s walk theownerwearsaspecialbelt 带子 thisbeltsends instructionstotheownerfromthedog suchas stophere turnleft or turnright intheunitedstates anotherkindofrobothelpsdisabledpeopletotakecareofthemselvesintheirdailylife therobothearsthesoundoftheowner svoice itfollowsinstructionssuchas turn thepage or makeacupofcoffee robotsarealsousedinamericanhospitals theycandosimplejobs atonehospital forexample arobottakesmealsfromkitchentopatients rooms itnevergetslostbecausethisrobothasamapofthehospitalinitscomputermemory thoughrobotscanhelppeopleinmanydifferentways they willnevertaketheplaceofhumans 61 fromthepassage weknowrobotscannotbe a dangerousanimalsb factoryworkersc guidedogs d hospitalhelpers 62 arobotguidedog a goesinfrontofblindpeople b walkssidebysidewithblindpeoplec hasamapinitshead d helpspatientswiththeirmeals a a 63 theunderlinedword disabled means a 不能的c 失灵的 b 有害的d 残疾的 64 somedisabledpeopleneedrobots helpto a takecareofthemselvesb talktootherpeoplec becomescientistsd dodangerousjobs d a 65 inthepassage thewriterwantstotellusthat a robotsarestrongerandclevererthanhumans b disabledpeoplecannotlookafterthemselveswithoutthe robots c robotswilltaketheplaceofhumanssomedayinthefutured robotscanhelphumansinmanydifferentways d summerholidaysatsomebeautifulseaside theylikegoodwineandshopping 67 chenhuiandli totravelonverylittlemoney c请阅读以下左栏人员的相关信息 然后与右栏的广告相匹配