中考英语33个模块总复习 名词复习课件.ppt

全品中考复习方案英语分册 专题 名词 第一章名词 一 中考考查重点 可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格单位词名词作定语 e gadropofwater 考点揭密 1 掌握名词的概念 分类 名词可分为 普通名词和专有名词 2 掌握名词复数的构成 用法 名词所有格的构成方法及用法 3 理解名词在句中的功能 掌握名词作主语 表语 宾语 复合宾语 定语 状语和同位语的用法 4 能够辨析部分名词的用法区别 并熟练运用 如 family home house work job等 5 主谓一致的用法 概念1 表示一类人或事物个体的名词叫个体名词 book eraser house chair student waiter 表示由若干个个体组合成的集合体的名词称为集体名词 class family group team 物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物的名词 milk water coffee tea 抽象名词表示状态 品质 感情等抽象概念的名词 idea happiness love knowledge information advice 可数名词的特点1 有单复数2 修饰词与不可数名词不同 如 many agreatmanyof afew few专门修饰可数名词 不能修饰不可数名词 3 特殊疑问句问数量时 用howmany来问 1 单数名词 a 形容词 单数注意 a用于辅音音素前 如 ahouse ayellowcar abook ateacher apear 2 单数名词 an 形容词 单数注意 an用于元音音素前 注意后面所跟的词的第一个字母的发音 是否发音 注意后面跟的词的第一个字母如是元音字母u 所发的音是否 ju 如是 不定冠词就用a aneraser anuncomfortableseat anevening anapple anorange ane mail anegg anexample anexcitingthing analarmclock ananswer ananut anuncle anactionmovie anactor anafternoon anartclub anevent anenglishstudent anidcard 记住特殊 anhonest anhour auniversitystudent aufo 1 一般词尾直接加s cap capstask tasksstar starstree treeshouse housesexercise exercisesstudent students 2 以s x sh ch结尾的词 在词尾加es bus busesbox boxeswatch watchesdish dishes但 stomach stomachs 3 以f或fe结尾的词 把f或fe改为ves shelf shelveslife livesknife knivesleaf leaveswife wiveshalf halveswolf wolves例外 roof roofschief chiefs 2 可数名词的复数形式 规则变化 4 以辅音字母 y结尾的词 变y为i es story storiesbaby babiescountry countriesparty partiesdictionry dictionaries例外 day daysboy boystoy toysplay plays 5 以o结尾的词 有生命力的加es 没有生命力的加s zeros zeroes都可以 a potato potatoeshero heroestomato tomatoes 例外 bamboos b radio radiospiano pianoszoo zoosphoto photos 读法 不规则变化 词本身发生特殊变化 单复同形 1 man改成men man men woman womengentleman gentlemenpoliceman policemengentleman gentlemen 绅士 2 oo改成ee foot feet tooth teethgoose geese 3 其它 mouse mice child children sheep sheepdeer deerchinese chinesejapanese japanesefish fish 3 表示 某国人 的名词 其变化有三种情况 单复数相同 ajapanese fivejapaneseachinese twochinese 将man变为men afrenchman twofrenchmen englishman englishmenenglishwoman englishwomen dutchman dutchmen 以an结尾的名词 在后面 s agerman fivegermans russian russiansamerican americansindian indiansitalian italianskorean koreansaustralian australianscanadian canadians 4 常以复数形式出现的名词 trousersglassesshortspantssocksphysicsgoods货物newsclotheswoods森林thanksfireworks烟花scissors 5 复合名词的复数形式 a 将主体名词变为复数 looker on lookers on旁观者father in law fathers in law继父son in law sons in law女婿go between go betweens中间人grow up grow ups成人aboystudent boystudents男学生aflowershop flowershops花店adiningroom diningrooms餐室anappletree appletrees苹果树girlstudent girlstudents女学生twinsister twinsisters双胞姐妹twinbrother twinbrothers双胞兄弟stonebridge stonebridges石头桥 b 当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时 将2个构成部分均变为复数 awomanteacher twowomenteachersamannurse twomennursesamanteacher manymenteachersawomandoctor threewomendoctors 不可数名词的特点 1 只有单数形式 一般没有复数形式 不与不定冠词a an搭配 表示数量时与量词搭配 eg aboxofmilk apieceofnews 与修饰词much alittle abitof agreatdealof搭配 5 问不可数名词的数时用howmuch 但问不可数名词前的量词时则用howmany 量词 of 不可数名词 如 mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday howmuchmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday mymotherbuystwokilosofmeateveryday howmanykilosofmeatdoesyourmotherbuyeveryday 可数名词和不可数名词的共同特点 1 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词的形容词 some any alotof lotsof plentyof 可数 不可数名词 2 定冠词既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 如 thepear thehouse thewater theair thehomework themeat theadvice 3 有些可数名词也是不可数名词 但意思有所不同 既可做可数名词 又做不可数名词的 可数名词不可数名词 apaperpaper纸aglassglass玻璃anironiron铁aroomroom空间achickenchicken鸡肉abeautybeauty美ayouthyouth青春afishfish鱼肉 一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人一个青年一条鱼 如何表示不可数名词的量1 表示不可数名词的数量时 通过可数的词来表示其量 表示结构为 数词 表量的名词 of 不可数名词 如 apieceofbread twopiecesofbread abagofrice threebagsofriceabottleofink fivebottlesofinkapieceofnews fourpiecesofnewsapieceofadvice ablockofice apieceofwork acupofteaabasketoffood adropofwateraboxofmilk twoboxesofmilk 如 apieceofmeatisonthetable twopiecesofmeatareonthetable 2 可用不定量的词来表示量 muchmoney somerice mostcornalittlewater abitofmilk somepaper agreatdealofwater allwork littletime lotsofmoney alotoftime 第二部专题 词汇 名词 考点揭密典型例题解析课时训练 1 作主语myteachersaregoodtous thestudentsstudyhard loveiseverything waterisimportant anappleisonthedesk beijingisoutcountry scapital theinternetisveryuseful 名词的作用 2 作宾语wehavethreepens wealllikeenglish 3 作表语allofthemarepolicemen 4 作宾补 对宾语补充说明 theycallmelucy 5 做定语 多用单数形式 但woman man做定语是应与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致 wehaveaclassmeetingtoday thoseareappletrees wecanseemanymendoctorsthere 主谓一致 当class family team group public等集体名词做主语时 如果看成一个整体 动词就用单数 看成一个个具体成员时 就用复数 e gtheclassarewaitingforher tom sfamily ratherbig tom sfamily filmfans is are 2 news maths politics表示单数意义 动词用单数 e gthenewsmakesherveryhappy maths noteasyforhim is 3 像goods compasses chopsticks shoes glasses trousers savings belongs shorts pants stocks scissors等表示复数含义的词 动词用复数 e gtheshoeshers thesavings foryourfutureuse are 请辨析 apairofglasses onthetable twopairsofglasses onthetable is are are 4 police people 人们 youth 青年们 只有单数形式 但表示复数意义 动词用复数 e gthepolicearegatheringinthestreet thechinesepeople peace love 但是 people当 民族 youth当 男青年 讲时 有单复数之分 e gheisayouthof20 manyenglish speakingpeoples thisbook like 5 像deer sheep等单复同形的词 动词单复根据具体情况定 e gadeerisoverthereinthefield agroupofdeer overthereinthefield are 6 thepoetandmusician presentattheparty thesingeranddancer justarrived thebreadandthebutter ready breadandbutter herusualbreakfast 涂了黄油的面包 was has are is 8 both and 的谓语动词用复数形式 e g bothheandhisfather there were 7 采取就近一致原则的句型结构 therebe e g there abookandtwoapplesonthedesk notonly butalso e gnotonlyyoubutalsohe right either ore geitherheori wrong neither nore gneithershenori right is is am am e gfiveminutes enoughtodothis tenmile sjourney tiringforus aboat slength aslongasthebed twopound sweight ok is is 表示时间 距离 金额 度量 书名 国名等的数名词 看作整体 动词用单数 e geighthoursofsleep enoughforyou tendollars toomuchtopay is is is is 10 each 单名 and each 单名every 单名 and every 单名no 单名 and no 单名 eachof 复数名词oneof 复数名词 every each 单名 and 单名 等结构做主语时 名词都表示单数意义 动词用单数 e g eachboyandeachgirl seenthefilm noteacherandnostudent comeyet everyknife fork andspoon tobebought eachofthestudents adictionary has has has has theoldman together withhistwosons leftforamerica misswangaswellashisfriends waitingthere mostofthestudentsinourclassexceptlilei sportseveryweek has is 11 注 由aswellas togetherwith with besides but except等词连接两个名词做主语时 动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定 play 12 partof mostof someof halfof allof therestof lotsof alotof plentyof后接名词做主语时 动词的单复数根据of后的名词决定 如是可数名词谓语就用复数 如果是不可数名词 谓语用单数 但oneof 可数名词做主语 谓语总用单数 e ghalfofhismoney gone halfofhisbooks new allofthefood missing allofherfriends veryhonest oneofmyfriends english is are is are speaks 13 不可数名词做主语谓语用单数 e galotofwaterisflowingtheriver somemeatwasboughtfromthestore apieceofmeatwasfoundonthetable abottleofmileisinherhands apieceofsoapisonthedrawer are are 注意 但当不可数名词前的数量词是可数名词的复数时候 谓语要用复数 如 twobasketsofmeatunderthetable threebottlesofmilkinmycupboard 又如 twobagsofbroccoliareonthetable 14 用不定量的词来修饰的不可数名词做主语谓语用单数 muchmoney somerice mostcornalittlewater abitofmilk somepaper agreatdealofwater allwork littletime lotsofmoney alotoftimemuchmoneyisinhisbag somepaperwasputinherbackpack exercises 1 oh thereisn tenough forusinthelift itdoesn tmatter let swaitforthenext a groundbfloorcplacedroom2 youmustlookafterthose a dogb sheepc parrotdcat3 inourschoolthereareforty andeighthundredandsixty a womanteachers girlstudentsb womenteachers girlstudentsc womenteachers girlsstudentsdwomanteachers girlstudents 例1 todayisseptember10th it s day 2003 天津 a teachersb teachers c theteachers d teacher s 典型例题解析 例2 i mafraidthatthereisno foryouinmycar becausetherearealreadyfivepeople 2003 山西 a landb ground c roomd floor b c 例3 thesegermanswanttohavesome forsupper sotheydecidetocatch now 2003 天津 a fish manyb fishes much c fish muchd fishes many 例4 iamthirsty wouldyoubringme please 2003 广东 a somebreadb somewater c somecakesd someeggs 例5 some areflyingkitesneartheriver 2003 长沙 a childb boy c boysd childs a b c 1 therich notalwayshappy a areb is c haved has 2 inbritain areallpaintedred a letterboxesb lettersboxes c letterboxd lettersbox 3 therearefour andtwo inthegroup a japanese germen b japaneses germen c japanese german d japanese germans 4 shewasborninwuhan butbeijinghasbecomehersecond a homeb family c housed country 5 motherbroughtme a agoodnews b apieceofnews c manygoodnews d twonews 课时训练 a a d a b 6 march8this day a woman sb women s c womans d women 7 wecandotheworkbetterwith moneyand people a less fewerb fewer less c little littled few few 8 therearethree inourclass a zhou sb zhous c zhous d zhous s 9 it saboutten walk a minute sb minutes c minuted minutes 10 thisroomis a billanddavid s b bill sanddavid s c billsanddavid s d billanddavid 课时训练 b a b b a 11 beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful inchina a cityb cities c citysd thecities 12 wouldyoulike a somemoremeat b anymoremeat c ma