八年级上册形容词和副词的比较等级.doc

形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词和副词有三个等级：1.原级。2.比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思。3.最高级，表示“最”的意思。二、 形容词、副词比较等级的构成：（一）、规则变化：一般直接在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small - smaller - smallest long-longer-longest 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 r或 st，如:large - largest - largest nice-nicer-nicest 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est。 big -bigger-biggest hot- hotter-hottest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 er或-est.busy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest 部分双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most构成比较级和最高级，如：slowly - more slowly - most slowlydifficult-more difficult-most difficultbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful（二）、不规则的变化：good / well-better-bestmany/much-more-mostbad / ill / badly -worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar - farther / further - farthest/ furthestold- older/ elder- oldest/ eldest三、形容词、副词原级的用法1. 修饰形容词副词原级的常见的词有：very, so, too, enough, quite 等。2. 常用句型：（1）“甲+ be动词+ as +形容词原级+ as + 乙”“甲+ 谓语动词+ as +副词原级+ as + 乙”表示甲乙两者在某一方面程度相等。Im as tall as you. He runs as fast as you. (2)“甲+ be+not+ as/so +形/副 原级+ as + 乙” “甲+ dont/doesnt+行为动词原形+ as/so +形/副 原级+ as + 乙”表示甲不如乙. Im not as/so tall as you . He doesnt run as/so fast as you.This book isnt as/so interesting as that one.(3) “甲+ 谓语动词+less +形/副 原级+than +乙” 表示甲不如乙.This book is less interesting than that one.Tom writes less carefully than Jim.四、形容词、副词比较级的用法：1.表示两者进行比较就用比较级，修饰形容词副词比较级的常见的词有：a little, a bit, a lot, still, no, any, much, even , far 等。2.比较级常用句型：（1）“甲+ be + 形容词比较级+ than+ 乙”“甲+ 行为动词 + 副词比较级+ than+ 乙”表示甲比乙注意：than后面接代词时, 一般要用主格形式， 但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。 如：My brother is taller than I / me. Lilys room is bigger than mine.Tom writes more carefully than Jim.(2)甲+ 谓语动词+比较级+ than+ any other+单数名词+ （介词短语） 表示甲比其他任何一个.都.Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.Tom writes more carefully than any other sudent in his class.(3) “甲+谓语动词+ the + 比较级+ of the two + 其他” 表示 “甲是两者中较.的”。Lucy is the taller of the two girls.(4)“比较级+and +比较级” “more and more +多音节形容词/副词” 表示 “越来越.”Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.(5) “the + 比较级, the + 比较级” 表示“越.就越.”The more we get together, the happier we will be. 我们聚会得越多，我们就越高兴。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.(6) Who/ Which + 谓语动词+ 比较级， 甲 or 乙？表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更.”Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one?Who draws better ,Tom or Jim?五、最高级的用法：1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级。形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级前的the可有可无。注意：当形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格修饰时，不再加the.2.最高级主要句型有: 甲+谓语动词+the + adj./adv.最高级 (+名词单数)+of/ in 短语“甲在某一范围或某一群体中最.” a. in 表示“在内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词. He runs the fastest in his class. b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接：the +基数词 the +基数词+名词复数 all +the +复数名词 all eg. Jim works hardest of us all. Jim works hardest of the three (students)Tom gets up most earlier of all the students.My mother is the busiest in my family（2 ）甲+谓语动词+ the +序数词 +形/副最高级+单数名词+in/of 短语 “.是第.最.的” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China(3) 甲+谓语动词+one of the+形/副最高级 +名词复数+of/in 短语“.是最.之一”eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。(4)特殊疑问词+谓语动词+the+形/副 最高级，A，B or C? “在A,B,C中，.最.?”which book do you like best, A, B or C?Who has the most books, Li Lei ,Jim or Tom?六、使用比较级和最高级的几个注意点 比较应在同类事物中进行.His bag is bigger than me(误)His bag is bigger than mine(正) 避免双重比较.即：构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er，又在其前加more。他的英语比我的英语好多了。误：HisEnglishismorebetterthanmine.正：HisEnglishismuchbetterthanmine比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用.若加强比较级的语气，其前通常可用far,even,still,abit,any,no,much等修饰，注意不要按汉语意思用very,fairly等修饰比较级。如：他比你强壮得多。误：Heisverystrongerthanyou.正：Heismuchstrongerthanyou.最高级后的介词in与of. a. in 表示“在内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词. b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接the +基数词 / the +基数词+名词复数 / all +the +复数名词/all形容词的最高级前要用the，但是当形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格修饰时，不再加the.比较级前不加the.但当特指两者中“较(更)”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词the 。Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.玛丽是这两个人当中较美丽的。Thisdictionaryisthemoreusefulofthetwo.在这两本词典中，这本更有用。 针对练习：改错：1. His computer is cheaper than I.2. Mary is very younger than her brother.3. Shanghai is bigger than any city in China.4. Tom is taller of the two brothers.5.This is my the best friend.6.Today is happiest day of my life. 七、 比较句型的转换：1.“not so/as. as”与“比较级+than”的转换eg:He is not as/so old as I.= I am older than he.=He is younger than me. 他年龄没有我大。Tom doesnt draw so/as well as Jim.=Jim draws better than Tom.=Tom draws worse than Jim.汤姆绘画没有吉姆好2. “more.than”与“less. than”的转换I think art is less popular than music.=I think music is more popular than art.我认为音乐比美术更流行。Computers are more useful than TV sets.=TV sets are less useful than computers.电脑比电视有用。3.比较级和最高级的转换：Bill is the tallest student in his class.=Bill is the taller than the other students in his class.=Bill is taller than any other student in his class.=Bill is taller than any of the other students in his class. = Bill is taller than any of the others in his class. Lucy writes the most carefully of the three girls.=Lucy writes more carefully than the other two girls.练习题：一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _4. dry _5. happy_ 6. wet _7. much _8. ill _9. little _ 10. bad _11. thin _12.far_13.early_14.careful_15. exciting _16. busy _二、用括号内形容词或副词的适当形式填空:1. This horse is very _ (strong), but that horse is much _ (strong) than this one.2. Its so late, so I drive the car _(slowly) than usual.3. He went _(far) than the other explorers.4. The _(little) you eat, the _(thin) you are.5. The Beijing Library is one of _(big) libraries in China.6. The street is as _(long) as that one, but it is_ (wide) than that one.7. His drawing isnt so _(good) as yours.8. When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room, it becomes _(small) and _(small).9. This piano is _(expensive) than the other two. It is _(expensive) of the three.10. Which is _(difficult), English, physics or biology?三、单选题：1The Yellow River is one of _ in China.A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river2. Does he speak Chinese _ his brother?A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than3. Which shirt do you like _, the white one or the blue one?A. better B. good C. best D. much4. This picture book is not _ that one.A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than D. interesting as5. This article is _ than that one.A. much easier B. more easier C. much more easier D. more easy6. The Changjiang River is _ river in China.A. long B. longest C. the longest D. Longer7.My hair is longer than _ . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D. Lucys8. There is_ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little9. The pen is_than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper10.Tom speaks Chinese_ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much 11. An elephant is _ than a tiger. (长沙市) A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier 12. Lesson Ten is _ than Lesson Nine. (哈尔滨市) A. difficult B. more difficult C. difficulter D. very difficult 13. The bread is _ than those cakes. A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious 14. Few of us like him because he thinks _ of others of h than imself. A. much more B. a little C. much D. much less 15. Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? (南京市) Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better, better than B. a worse, as good as C. a cheaper, as good as D. a more important, not as good as 16Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large17. In our city, its _ in July, but it is even _ in August. (天津市) A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter 18. Mary has three brothers. Smith is _ of the three.