河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9.doc

河北省邢台市2014届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9 Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.” Astronomers-scientists who study stars and planets-have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.” Countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase persons chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.【文章大意】许多人想在晚上看流星雨，结果由于光线太亮，影响了他们的观看效果。由此引发了人们对光污染的思考。本文是一篇议论文，文章由一个事例引发出要讨论的话题。 36. It happened last night that .A. the citys lights affected the meteor watching B. the meteors flew past before being noticed C. the meteor watching ended up a social outing D. the city light show attracted many people【答案】A【 解析】细节理解题。第一段的最后一句话a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead表明答案为A。37. What do the astronomers complain about?A .Meteor showers occur less often than before. B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair. C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years. D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。题干中的Astronomers出现在第三段，文中有一句话have been complaining about this problem for decades，第一段就提到了光线太亮，这句话的后面又提到了light pollution。结合选项，答案为C。38. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? A. Birds may take other migration paths. B. Animal living habits may change suddenly. C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced. D. Animals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.【答案】D【 解析】细节理解题。第四段第一句话就告诉我们除了专业及业余的观星者之外，还有些群体也收到了光污染的影响。而这些群体指的就是birds、bats等动物。D项的意思是“动物的生存受到户外灯光的影响”。故选D。39. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to_.A. lessen the chance of getting cancer B. create an ideal observation condition C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night D. enable all creatures to live in harmony【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。题干中的信息告诉我们答案应该出现在最后一段，根据“in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory”，答案显然为B。40. What message does the author most want to give us?A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves B. Great efforts should be made to save energy C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly D. New equipment should be introduced for space study【答案】C【 解析】推理判断题。文中作者反复强调光污染问题对人类的一些活动和动物的影响。这显然是强调环境问题。故选C。介绍说明类-35Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is.A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies4. What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. Its helpful only in a limited way.C. Its possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases studentslearning interest.【参考答案】35.ADAB较难题目特训：介绍说明类-36Humpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body not of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize:14m18m in length;3050 tons in weightLivingenvironment:Open ocean and shallow coastline watersMigration:From warm tropical(热带的)waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eatDiet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Currentstate:Endangered:it is estimated that there are about 50007500 humpback whales worldwide.1. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesnt live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump highC. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks3. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale.A. has its unique markings on its tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songs【参考答案】36.1-3 BAA 阅读理解-Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars. They chewed tobacco, piped tobacco, and snuffed. Most women did not use tobacco at all.The cigarette industry began in 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have quit smoking. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes for some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a persons smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes, hes likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and also fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who dont plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.【文章大意】本问讲述了烟草行业的有关信息，讲述了世界烟草行业的发展历史，以及男性和女性在吸烟方面的具体情况，影响吸烟的因素等等。41. The underlined word “picture” in the last paragraph probably means . A. situation B. photo C. painting D. teenager【答案】A【 解析】词义猜测题。根据There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and also fewer from families living in farm areas.可知这里指的是不同的情况，故选A。42. Which group of people smoked more according to the passage? A. The group of women. B. The group of teenagers.C. The group of men. D. The group of old people.【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。Men as a group smoke more than women.男士吸烟的较多，故选C。43. Which of the following factors will be likely to decide whether a person smokes or not?A. income and sex. B. education and occupation C. sex and age. D. all the above.【答案】D【 解析】细节理解题。根据Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes for some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of