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卧式珩齿机的设计

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卧式珩齿机的设计.rar

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关键词：: 卧式珩齿机设计

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绪论……………………………………………………………….…...5

1.磨削技术……………………………………………………………6

1.1磨削加工的发展历史……………………………………………6

1.2磨料磨具的简明知识…………………………………………….9

1.3现阶段国内磨削加工科学技术新进展…………………………10

1.4磨削原理…….. …….. …….. …….. …….. …………………… 14

1.5磨削技术的发展及关键技术…….. …….. ……………………..18

1.6磨削技术的优点……………………….. ……………………….24

1.7超高速磨削的发展及关键技术……. …………………………..24

2. 问题的提出及可行性研究.. …….. …….. .. …. ………………...32

2.1问题的提出及定义………………………………………………32

2.2对系统设计的可行性分析………………………………………34

3改装部分组成………………………………………………………38

3.1总体结构设计………………………………………………….…38

3.2电动机的选择….…………………………………………………52

4.设计结构选择和设计计算…….. ………….…….. ….……..……..54

4.1传动系统结构的设计………………………….……….………...54

4.2箱体的设计…………………………………………………….…63

5 结速语………………………………................................................68

6 致谢.....................................................................................................69

7 参考文献…….. …….. …….. …….. ………………………..….…..70

摘要

机械系统是机械零、部件同作用的整体，是零部件服务的目标。本次改装设计从分析机械系统设计的任务和目标开始，介绍改装和设计的各个组成部分，各组成部分之间的配置，选择和结构匹配性设计，以及进行整体改装和设计时应该考虑哪些问题，目的是培养多样性设计，结构设计创新和整体设计的能力。

齿轮珩磨是一种低速磨削，是机械制造业中缸孔光整加工的常用工艺手段。珩齿加工是近年发展起来的一种齿轮精加工方法.

本次设计主要是齿轮珩磨机的改装和设计，其主要包括主轴箱，珩磨头，主轴等零件的设计。

在论文中首先对珩齿机做了简单介绍，接着对珩齿机的部件组成进行了尺寸设计计算和校核。该设计代表了珩齿机改装和设计的一般过程。

珩齿机床作为复杂的生产工具，最根本的是加工工艺与结构布局改装和设计。在对机床的现有结构进行改装,对机床的使用工艺和装备进行革新的过程中,并不是一味的追求先进,而应该力争改装方案合理,结构简单巧妙,经济效果好.

关键词：珩齿机、改装

Abstract

mechanical systems is a common mechanical components of the overall role of parts service goals. The design and modifications from the analysis of mechanical systems design tasks and goals, and design and modifications on the various components, between the various components of the configuration, selection and design of the structure matching, and the overall design modifications and what issues should be considered. The aim is to design diversity. Design innovation and the ability of the overall design.

Gear Honing is a low-speed grinding, mechanical manufacturing cylinder aperturestop finishing the commonly used techniques. Gear Honing in recent years developed a gear finishing method.

The design is the main gear honing machine modifications and design, including its main spindle box, honing head, and other parts of the spindle design.

In the paper first gear honing machine introduced briefly, then gear-honing-machine component parts of the size and design verification. The design represents the gear honing machine conversion and the general design process.

Heng Machine as a complex production tools, the most fundamental thing is processing technology and modified and design the structure and layout. The machine for the conversion of existing structures, the use of machine technology and equipment for the process of innovation, not blindly pursue advanced, and the conversion program should strive reasonable, simple structure clever and good economic results.

Keywords : Heng shaping machines, modified

3改装部分组成

3.1　总体结构设计

3.1.1：改装部分的组成

下图为车床改装进行珩齿加工的外观图.

改装主要由两部分组成.一是被珩齿轮的安装部分,有心轴、垫片、螺母等零件组成.心轴插入车床主轴锥孔里,用螺栓拉杆紧固.被珩齿轮安装在心轴上,用螺母拧紧;另一是珩磨头,它的滑座6安装在大拖板7上面的横向燕尾形导轨上,因此珩磨头既可以随大拖板作纵向进给运动,又可在横向进给的丝杆螺母作用下作横向进给运动.

3.1.2：珩齿加工原理

珩齿所用的珩轮外形结构和剃齿刀相似,珩轮材料是有磨料(通常为80～180号粒度的刚玉)、树脂等混合而成的.在轮芯上浇铸成螺旋齿轮(见下图),其主要结构尺寸:分度圆直径有240毫米和180毫米两种;螺旋角有15°和5°两种;宽度现在多为35毫米.

本改装采用了常见的双面变压珩齿法,珩轮与工件的啮合关系运动情况和剃齿大致相同:工件带动珩轮正反转动;珩轮沿轴线作直线往复运动(见上图).但径向运动不像剃齿那样在每一往复行程后有一次进给,而是按珩齿需要的初压力(一般为20公斤左右)调整好珩轮与工件的中心距,开车后一次进给到预定位置.珩齿开始时齿面压力较大,随后压力渐减(即所谓变压),直至接近消失时珩齿结束.

3.1.3 珩磨头结构及使用方法

珩磨头的结构如下图所示:

它是根据上述珩磨原理设计与制造的.由主轴1﹑弹性夹头4﹑胎盖5﹑压盘6﹑摩擦盘7﹑偏心盘8﹑心轴11﹑弹簧14﹑壳体18﹑滑座29等零件组成. 珩齿加工时,珩轮与工件啮合。于是珩轮在工件的带动下旋转,其动力通过弹簧夹头4传给胎盖5.由于胎盖5﹑压盘6﹑摩擦盘7之间均是用螺钉连接,所以摩擦盘7等件随胎盖5一起转动.旋动弹簧调节螺母,可调节弹簧14作用在主轴1上的作用力。由图可以看出,摩擦盘7紧紧的压在偏心盘8上.因此,当摩擦盘7转动时,在摩擦力的作用下,偏心盘8绕心轴11转动,其外形轮廓上各点到心轴11圆心的尺寸不等,则使主轴1随着珩磨轮37的旋转二作轴向往复运动。也就是说,在珩齿加工中,珩磨轮既与工件啮合旋转,又沿着主轴1的轴向往复直线运动。

应当指出,珩磨轮直线往复运动行程的大小，受偏心盘8的控制。当被珩齿轮的宽度不同时，偏心盘8的偏心距也应不同，所以偏心盘8是可更换件，对不同齿宽的齿轮，需换成偏心距相适应的偏心盘。为了减少不同尺寸偏心盘的数量，在生产中可按照下表中的情况使用。

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内容简介：: 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师：焦峰职称：教授所在院（系）：机械动力与工程学院教研室（研究室）：机制教研室题目卧式珩齿机设计学生姓名樊向林专业班级机制 03-2 班学号 03080064 选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写： 1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求； 2、题目难易程度； 3、题目工作量； 4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度） 1，该选题为卧式珩齿机设计，可以对我们大学四年所学知识进行一次大而全面的练习。 2，这将对我们以后工作起到十分有效的帮助，也能达到一个综合训练的效果，又加强了实际的动手动脑能力。 3，题目的难易程度很适中，对我们既是一个挑战也是一个很好的锻炼提高过程。 4，题目的工作量：要求完成 2.5 张以上的 A0 图纸， 2.5 3 万的说明书一份。 5，选题不但能紧密的结合生产和实践，也是在我们所学习过的范围之类，对我们以后不管是科研还是从事实际的工作对有很大的帮助。二、开题报告完成情况：在老师指导和同学们的帮助之下，我顺利的开始我本次毕业设计。我在自己经过一些查阅资料的前提下，慢慢的摸索出了一些门道。由于我们这次是第一次独立的进行珩齿机设计，以前接触这方面的知识步多 ,对珩齿机的了解较少，所以在刚开始就不是很顺利，甚至感到有些无从下手。但是经过指导老师的提示和与本组同学的商量之后，我逐渐找到是设计的切入点，顺利的完成了开题报告。并有了一定的成果地进行了一些前期的工作，并使本次设计有了一个良好的开始。最后我在查阅了一些资料以后，现在已经进入了计算设计过程，我将在以后设计工作中继续努力，认真完成这次毕业设计。 nts三、阶段性成果： 1通过对机床系统的学习，在加上老师的仔细讲解，我收集了大量的资料和文献，为设计的顺利完成打下了坚实的基础。 2. 在老师的指导和同学的帮助下找到了设计的基本方法，开始了一些基本的原理设计，并取得了一定成果。 3. 完成了开题报告。 4进行了前期的一些工作和设计，对整个设计有了一个大体的方案。四、存在主要问题：由于我们这次是第一次独立的珩齿机设计，所以在刚开始就不是很顺利，对做一个毕业设计的基本知识都没有认识，后来找了指导老师，老师针对我们本科生以前存在的问题，给我进行了仔细的讲解，然后我再与本组其他同学的商量之后，我慢慢的自己逐渐找到是设计的切入点，我觉得这对我以后有很大的作用。但是随着设计的逐渐进行我有遇到了许多的新的和更加复杂的问题，这些问题使我充分认识到了自己在以前学习中的不足和自己与一些同学的差距，所以我要以本次设计问契机加强自己在学习上薄弱环节，争取使我的毕业设计能够取得好的成绩，也能够使我所学的知识能够在以后的工作中发挥更大的作用。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师：（签名）年月日 nts 本科毕业论文（英文翻译）题目： Press the equipment and select the choice 院（系部）机械与动力工程学院专业名称机械设计制造及自动化年级班级 2003 级 2 班学生名称樊向林指导老师焦锋 2006 年 6 月 10 日 nts冲压设备选用冲压设备的选择，是冲压工艺及模具设计中的一项重要内容。它直接关系到冲压设备的安全和合理使用，也关系到冲压件的生产能否顺利进行和产品质量、模具寿命、生产率、产品成本等一系列问题。冲压设备的选用包括选择设备类型和确定设备规格两项内容： 1 冲压设备类型的选择冲压设备类型的选择，主要是根据冲压工艺性质、生产批量大小、冲压件的几何形状、尺寸及精度要求等因素来确定的。冲压件生产中常用的是曲柄压力机和液压机。在中小型冲裁件、弯曲件或浅拉深件的冲压生产中，主要选用开式压力机。这种压力机具有三面敞开的操作主问、操作方便、容易安装机械化装置和成本低廉等优点。但刚度较差，工作时床身的角变形会导致冲模间隙分布不均，降低冲模的寿命和冲裁件的质量因而适于精度要求不太高的冲压件生产。在大中型和精度要求较高的冲压件的生产中，主要选用闭式压力机。这种压力机床身的弹性变形较小，刚度较好，精度较高。对于大型、较复杂的拉深件则应采用闭式双动拉深压力机。它具有两个滑块，拉深用的内滑块和压边用的外滑块。模具结构简单，压边可靠易调，即根据工艺要求，调节压边力。在小批生产尤其是大型厚板件的成形工艺中，多选用液压机。液压机虽然速度侵、效率低、制件尺寸精度因受操作影响不太稳定，但压力大，没有固定行程，因而不会因为板材的厚度超差而过载，特别对于工作行程较大的冲压工艺具有明显的优点。但液压机一般不适于冲裁工作。在大量生产中应选用高速自动压力机或多工位自动压力机。高速自动用力机具有效率高、精度高等特点、一台多工位自动压力机能够代替多台手工位压力机，并且消除了工序间半成品的堆放和运输问题。对于平面精压和体积精压等工艺其特点是工件变形量小、精度要求向。而精压机的丁作机构是曲柄肘杆机构，滑块工作行程很小，肘杆机构及机架刚度较大。因此，既能适应精压工艺工作行程很小的需要又能达到提高精压工件精度nts的目的。精冲上艺除要求精度高、刚性好和冲裁速度较低外，还特别要求压力机除主滑块外，要有压边和反压装置，一般应选用专用的三动精冲压力机或精冲液压机。当采用专用精冲模具时，也可在普通压力机上实现精冲。 2冲压设备规格的选择在压力机的类型选定之后 ,应进步根据变形工厅的特点、变形力的大小、冲压件与毛坯的形状和尺寸、模具参数和操作上的要求来确定设备的规格；对曲柄压力机所要考虑的主要技术参数如下所述。 (1)公称压力 (吨位 ) 压力机的承载能力受压力机本身各主要构件强度的限制，其滑块上所容许承受的最大作用力 (许用负荷 )是随曲柄转角位置的不同而变化的。公称压力gF是指滑块离下死点前某一特定的距离 (此距离称为公称压力行程pS)或转到离下死点前某一特定的角度 (此特定角度称为公称压力角 p)时，滑块上所容许承受的最大作用力。在选择压力机吨位时，应保证在全行程范围内，压力机的许用负荷在任何时刻均大于相应时刻所需变形力的总和。也就是说，应该使公一次行程内所要完成的各种冲压工序所需力的合力曲线，在全行程范围内均低于压力机的许用负荷曲线。在使用中，为了简便起见，对于工作行程小于压力机公称压力行程的冲压工序，如一般的落料、冲孔、弯曲、压印等上序可直接按压力机的公称压力选择设备。对于工作行程较大的工序，可按压力机许用负荷曲线选取。对于拉深工序，由于其工作行程较大，不能按压力机的公称压力选用，而近似地取为：在深拉深时最大拉探力 )6.05.0(F 压力机公称压力gF；在浅拉深时，最大拉探力 )8.07.0(F 压力机公称压力gF。 (2)电动机功率一船在保证了工艺力的情况厂，电动机功率是足够的。但是，在某些情况下如大型件的斜刃冲裁、深度很大的拉深等，也会出现压力足够而功率不足的现象，此时必须对压力机的电动机功率进行校核，并选择电动机的功率大于冲压所需总功率的压力机。 nts 210AAA 冲压时压力机所供应的功 E 应大于一个行程所需功儿，即0AE。 E 可近似用下列公式计算(如图 1 1 阴影部分面积 )： sFsFE gpg 151 式中 s 滑块行程 (mM)。 1A -工件变形功； 2A 拉深垫工作功；图 1-1 E 计算图压力机总效率， 50%-60 (3)滑块行程和行程次数滑块从上死点到下死点所经过的距离称为滑块行程。行程次数是指滑块每分钟住复行程的次数。滑块行程大小的选择。应保证方便毛坯的放人和零件的取出。拉深和弯曲工序一般需要较大的行程对于拉深工序其行程一般为拉深件高度的 2 5 倍。冲裁、精压工序所需行程较小。根据用途不同，压力机的行程有的做成可调式的。行程次数主要根据生产率、操作的可能性和允许的变形速度来确定。在确定滑块行程次数时，滑块的运动速度要符合冲压生产工艺的要求。对拉深工艺来说，若速度过高，则会引起工件破裂。拉深工艺的合理速度范围如表 1 1 所列进行拉深工艺的压力机，滑块速度不应超过这个数值。表 1-1 拉伸工艺的合理速度范围材料名称铜不锈钢钢硬钢黄铜铜锌最大拉深速度 /mm 1g 400 180 890 200 1020 760 760 nts(4)装模高度压力机的装模高度是指滑块在下死点位置时，滑块下表面到工作势板上表面的距离。装模高度加上垫板厚度即为压力机的封闭高度。没有垫板的压力机，其装模高度与封闭高度相等。模具的封闭高度是指工作行程终了时，模具上模座上表面与下模座下表面之间的距离。选择压力机时，必须使模具的封闭高度介于压力饥的最大装模高度与最小装模高度之间 (见图 1 2)，一般应满足 105 M inM a x HHH式中 MaxH-连杆调节到最短 (偏心冲床的行程应调到最小 )时压力饥的装模高度，即最大装模高度 (mm)； MinH-连杆调节到最长 (偏心冲床的行程应调到最大 )时，压力矾的装模高度，即最小装模高度 (mm)； H -模具的封闭南度 (mm)：上式中的 5mm 是考虑到装模方便所留间隙， 10mm 是保证修模所留尺寸。图 1-2 模具的封闭高度由于考虑到连杆受力情况，希望以最短的连杆上作，考虑到修模而使模具封闭高度减小等原因，一般模具设计最好接近压力机的最大装模高度。如果模具封闭高度过小，可在压力机台面上加放垫板。 nts(5)下作台而和滑块底面尺寸工作台面 (或工作势板 )和滑块下平面的大小应足以安装模具，并留有余地，一般情况下，冲床工作台回加大于模具底座尺寸50 70mm 以上，同时应保证能牢固地安装及固定模具，并能正常工作。工作台和滑块的形式要考虑冲压工艺上的需要，即必须与模具的打料装置、出料装置、卸料装置等的结构相适应，例如工作台的孔，应能容纳模具的卸料装置或使出料顺利进行： (6)压力机的精度和刚度压力机的精度，主要是指压力机在静态情况下，所测得的压力机应达到的各种精度指标，故又称静态精度。它主要包括：工作台的平面度，滑块下平面的平面度，工作台面同滑块下平面的平行度，滑块行程同工作台面的垂直度，滑块中心孔和滑块行程的平行度等。压力机静态精度的高低，对冷冲压上作有很大影响。压力机的精度高，则冲出的工件质量也高，冲模不易损坏，使用寿命长。精度低的压力机，不仅工件质量低，模具寿命也低。若滑块行程勺与工作台面垂直度差，则导致上、下模的同轴度降低，冲模刃口易于损坏。但是，压力机的静态精度却要靠压力机的刚度来保证。压力机的刚度主要是指压力机在工作时抵抗弹件变形的能力，对开式压力机来说，有垂直刚度和角刚度两种指标。所谓垂直刚度是指压力机的装模高度产生单位垂直变形时，压力机所承受的作用力而角刚度是指压力机的滑块相对于工作台而产生单位角变形时，压力机所承受的作用力。在冲压力的作用下，床身会弹性伸长，工作台平面会弹性挠曲。这些弹性变形破坏了压力机的某些静态精度、对冷冲压件的质量有很大的影响。对冲裁工序尤其是精密冲裁 (包括整修和精冲 )和要求较高精度冲裁件的普通冲裁工序，模具间隙要求小而均勾，并且在上、下模闭合时要有准确的入模量。压力机如果角刚度不足，不们会造成废品，而且会大大缩短模具的使用寿命。 ntsPress the equipment and select the choice Press the equipment and select the choice which presses the equipment for use, press an important content in the craft and mold design. It concerns directly that presses the security of the equipment and uses rationally, production could such a series of questions as going on and product quality , life-span of the mould , productivity , cost of goods ,etc. smoothly the one that concern and press one too . Two contents including choosing the type of the equipment and confirming the specification of equipment of exertion of pressing the equipment: 1 A choice of pressing the type of the equipment of choice of pressing the type of the equipment, according to press craft nature , production batch size , press geometry form , size and precision person who require factor of piece come confirmed mainly. A commonly used one is crank press and liquid press in a production of pressing . Or draws lightly in the deep production of pressing of one in the medium and small-scale blanking one, crooked one, select the turning on type press for use mainly.This kind of press has three unlimited operation advantage of mainly ask , easy to operate , apt to install mechanized device and cost cheaping etc. But rigidity is relatively bad, the angle of the lathe bed out of shape will cause the interval maldistribution of the trimming die while working, reduce the life-span of the trimming die and quality of one of blanking. Therefore the one that is suitable for expecting very much in precision presses one to produce. In the production of pressing one of expecting much in the ntslarge-and-middle-scale and precision , select the closing type press for use mainly. The elasticity of this kind of pressure lathe body is out of shape and relatively small, rigidity is better, the precision is relatively high. As to drawing deep one and should adopt closing type pair and move and draw the deep press large-scaly, more complicated. It have two slip piece, draw use deeply slip piece and outside used to press slip yuan inside. The mould is of simple structure, press reliable and easy to adjust, namely according to the technological requirement, regulate and press strength. Produce, especially large-scale it in the craft of taking shape of one of the thick board in small batches, select for use more liquid presses. Liquid press though speed invade , low making pieces of size precision because of is it influence very much steady to operate efficiency, unless but it is the heavy in pressure, it have regular journey,therefore can overload because of ultra difference of thickness of the panel, especially have obvious advantages to the craft of pressing that the working journey is greater. But the liquid press is seldom suitable for the blanking work. Should select the automatic press of high speed or many automatic presses of workers location for use in producing in a large amount. Exert oneself plane have with high efficiency , precision high characteristic , one Taiwan more than worker location automatic press can replace many sets of craft location press automatically at a high speed, and has dispelled piling up and transportation problem of the semi-manufactured goods among the process. Press to the level precisely and such crafts as the volume is pigeonholed precisely. Its there is characteristic it is the little in deformation amount in work piece , require precision to. And precise man of press make organization crank elbow pole organization , slip pieces of working very much little journey, elbow pole organization and framework rigidity are relatively ntsgreat. So can meet precise to keep craft work journey little need very. Can achieve the goal of improving and pressing the precision of the work piece precisely . Precise to dash to skill except require precise skin high , rigidity fine and speed getting low blanking, require press except slip piece mainly , pigeonhole and pigeonhole the device instead especially also, should generally select three special-purpose for use and move the precise strength pressing machine or wash the liquid press precisely . When adopting and washing the mould special-purpose and precisely , can realize on the ordinary press that washes precisely . 2.The choice of pressing the specification of the equipment is after the type selection of the press, should enter - according to the characteristic in the drawing room of worker out of shape , size of the strength out of shape , pressing the form and size of one and blank of step， Mould parameter and demand had to operate is it confirm specification of equipment to come; Stated main technical parameter considered to the crank press as follows. (1)The bearing capacity of the press is restricted by the press intensity of every main member for the nominal pressure (tonnage ), it slip piece is it permit bear large effort (let with load ) change with the crank corner position most to have. Nominal pressuregFis it slip piece from lay a certain specific distance in front of ordering extremely to mean (whether distance this call nominal pressure journeypS), turn into from lay in front of ordering extremely when the a certain specific angle (specific angle this call nominal of pressure corner p ), slip piece have heavy effort most that bear permitted. While choosing the tonnage of the press, should guarantee it within the range of the whole journey , the letting to be greater than the total of the strength out of shape of the need of corresponding moment at any moment with load of the press. That is to say , should make common one journey various kinds of ntsfinished to want press process necessary with joint efforts curve of strength, lower than letting to use the load curve of the press within the range of the whole journey . In using, for being simple and convenient, smaller than the process of pressing of the nominal pressure journey of the press to the working journey , if general blanking , washes holes , crooked and impressing the preface of waiting foring. Can choose the equipment according to the nominal pressure of the press directly . The process to that the working journey is greater, can let to choose with the load curve according to the press . For drawing the deep process, because its working journey is relatively big, cant select for use according to the nominal pressure of the press , and fetch approximatly : When draw deeply deeply. Most heavy to is )6.05.0(F it visit strength press nominal pressure to drawgF; When draw lightly deeply, most heavy to is )8.07.0(F it visit strength press nominal pressure to drawgF. (2)Power of the motor A ship is guaranteeing the situation factory of craft strength , the power of the motor is enough. However, in some cases. Large-scale oblique edge of piece blanking, depth very heavy to draw getting dark for instance, can appear pressure enough too but power enough phenomenon, must check the power of the motor of the press at this moment , choose to be greater than the press which presses the necessary total power in power of the motor. The work that the press E supplies should be greater than the necessary work of a journey while pressing, namely 0AE . Fig. 1-1 calculating and pursueing ntsE It is calculated with the following formulae that very approximate(such as the area of 1-1 shaded area of the Fig.): sFsFE gpg 151 in the type， S -Slippery journeys (mm ). 1A-Work out of shape of the work piece ; 2A-Draw and pad the working work deeply ; -The total efficiency of the press, =50% -60% (3)Slippery pieces of journey and journey number of times slip piece from having and extremely clicking to lay distance undergone to order call slippery journeys extremely. Journey number of times mean slip piece is it reply number of times of journey to live in minute while being every. Slippery journeys size choice. Should guarantee to facilitate putting the taking out of people and part of the blank . It generally needs greater journey to draw the deep and crooked process. For drawing its journey of deep process generally in order to draw 2.5 times pieces of height deep. Blanking , pressing the necessary journey of process precisely smaller. Different according to uses, some journeys of the press are done into but the mode. The deformation tempo of the main foundation productivity of number of times of the journey , possibility and permission operated is confirmed . While confirming the number of times of slippery journeys, slip the speed of movement of one should accord with the demand of pressing the production technology. For drawing the deep craft, if the speed is too high, will cause the work piece to break . Draw dark reasonable speed of craft range if 1-1 form listed. Drawing the press of the deep craft , slippery speeds should not exceed this number value . 1-1 rational speed ranges which draws the craft forms 。 210AAA nts list 1-1 Draw dark reasonable speed of craft range (4)Install mould high press load with mould is it slip yuan is on the bottom while dying some positioning to mean highly, slip piece put surface get worker assume a posture distance , board of above surface. It is namely the close height of the press to put the mould and highly add the thickness of the backing board. Without press of the backing board, it puts the mould and is highly highly equal to with sealing . Mould close at refering to working the end such as journey highly, mould mould flat above surface lay mould flat distance to lay surface. It choose at the time of press,the close to lie between the a hungry ones the getting more heavy to load with most for pressure highly in mould to must make(last 1-2 of Fig.s), should generally be satisfied 105 M inM a x HHH In the type MaxH-When the connecting rod is regulated to get shortest (the journey of the partial puncher should be transfered to minimumly ). Pressure hungry holding the height of the mould , namely put the height of the mould (mm ) the most largly; MinH-Connecting rod regulate when getting most getting long, pressure vitriol load the height of the mould with, namely highly (mm ) put the mould smallest; H -Whether close the south degree of mould(mm). 5mm to have type to is it put mould convenient interval left to consider, 10mm is it build size that mould leave to guarantee. Because consider the connecting rod receives the strength situation , hope to do with the shortest connecting rod, is it Material name Copper St.steel steel H.steel brass zinc Vmax/mm 1g 400 180 890 200 1020 760 ntsbuild mould and make mould it seals to be highly person who reduce reason to consider, general mold design had better close to press most heavy to load mould Fig. 1-2 moulds of close height Height with. If mould seal height to be too light, can add and put the backing board at the mesa in press. (5)Is it make platform to make but and slippery pieces of bottom surface size job mesa (or worker assume a posture board ) and slip yuans of size to down level should be enough to install the mould, allowing some leeway, generally speaking, the puncher workingbench is gone back to strengthen in above mould base measurement 50-70mm, must install and fix the mould firmly while answering at the same time , and can work normally . Workingbench and slip form of piece is it is it press need of craft to consider to want , namely must with to play material device , produce structure , material of device , tripper ,etc. suit mould, such as the hole of the workingbench , should be able to hold the tripper of the mould or use the material and go on smoothly 。 (6)The precision of the press and precision of the rigidity press, mean mainly the press is in static cases, various kinds of precision index that the presses must examined should be up to, so also called the static precision. It includes mainly: Level ntsdegree of the workingbench， Slip piece put level degree of level , job with slip piece lay parallel degree of level mesa, slippery journeys and vertical degree of the job mesa, slippery centre bores and parallel degree of slippery journeys ,etc. Press static level of

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