上海小学英语现在完成时的学习.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号 学员编号： 年 级： 小 六 课时数：3学员姓名： 俞钧杰 辅导科目： 英 语 学科教师： 杨 筱学科组长签名及日期教务长签名及日期课 题英语现在完成时的学习（1）。授课时间：2009年7月6日10：1012：10备课时间：2009年7月4日教学目标1. 掌握现在完成时的用法。2. 会区分since 和for.3. 动词的过去分词。重点、难点1. 不规则动词的过去分词。2. 完成时态的运用。考点及考试要求现在完成时是最重要的英语时态之一，必须牢固掌握。教学内容还记得上次课我们学到的东西吗？本次课我们要继续讲解你的期末考试试卷。Step One：作业检查（上课日记及错题集。）并以口头提问的方式检查学生上次课的内容。Step Two：背口诀记单词有一个rat(老鼠) 非常地fat(肥胖)跳进了vat(缸)* 偷吃了salt(盐)变成了bat(蝙蝠) 气坏了cat(猫) 咬破了hat(帽子)当成了mat(垫子)现在你知道这几个单词的意思了吧，自己把这几个单词及其意思在下面再写一遍吧Step Three：现在完成时的学习。概念：1、 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 也可表示过去已经开始, 一直延续到现在的动作或状态。2、 学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:l 构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式: 主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)l 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help. He has just seen the film. He hasnt come back yet. * 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen. He has never been to Beijing. * 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。He has got to Beijing so far. She has passed the exam so far. 用法： 1、过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间” 点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。2、英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如: “The play” has been on for half an hour.How long have you had this dictionary? * 时间“点”、“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束, 也可能继续延续, 这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如: He has been away for two years. 他已走了两年。(for+时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992. 自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。 (since+过去某一时刻)l 动词的过去分词一、动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式。be-been go-gone comecome runrun swim-swum fly-flown seeseen speak-spoken dodone give-given hide-hiddenbecomebecome take-taken get-gotten / got breakbroken shake-shaken wakewaken awake-awaken riserisen lay-lain fall-fallen begin-begun knowknown forget-forgotten writewritten choosechosen drink-drunk eateaten bite-bitten show-shown如： She has forgotten her name. She has amnesia. I have already drunk the coffee.二、当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。Ive been to New York once before.三、现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。She hasnt spoken to him.* 提问的时候，have需要被提到句首。Have you seen Matthew?现在完成时和一般过去时的区别一、现在完成时一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用；一般过去时常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。 如：I went home at 10:00 yesterday. I have got home now.二、现在完成时-ever和never ever和never常用于现在完成时，放在过去分词前面；表示“经历”。ever表示“曾经”，never表示“从不”； not ever=never。ever多用于疑问句，never一般用于否定句；例句：Have you ever been to Japan? I have never been to Japan.现在完成时的常见问题： 当有for + 时间段时，前面要用延续性的动词； 注意since 引导的现在完成时中的时态； 注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别； 现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系例如：We havent seen him since last year. (我们自从去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）We didnt see him last year. 我们去年没见到他（现在不一定未见到） 以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如： When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？ just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才）与一般过去时连用。 例如： The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。不规则动词表考察 Infinitive不定式Past Tense过去式Past Participle过去分词knowdobeginbekeepgoridebuywritedrinkspeakforget(考查过去式和过去分词的变化形式)趁热打铁：一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago. Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university练习题：（考查时态意义和时态结构的掌握情况）一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空（考查完成时常用的两个时间状语的用法）1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday6. _ 4 oclock7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago 9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三填空：（时态综合考察）1. All the people are glad (hear) a concert this Saturday evening.2. Teacher told us if it (not snow) we would visit the Museum the next day.3They often (play) football in the afternoon.4-Whatre you doing Dad?-I (mend) the radio.5Lets (carry) the boxes to the house.6. Yesterday she (want) to see the film, but she couldnt (get) a ticket.7I (write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.8Mike (visit) several places since he came to Beijing.9He (write) four letters to his wife every month.10Dont make any noise, Grandma (sleep).11His aunt (do) some cooking when he came in .12When they (reach) the station, the train had already left.13There (be) a meeting next Monday.14We (know) each other since our boyhood. (少年时代)15. It (take) him half an hour (finish) his homework yesterday.Step Four. 课后作业。1. 把今天的错题整理到你的错题集上。2. 完成下面题目：一、转换句子：1. Qu Yuan was sad because the new king didnt take his advice. (划线句提问) _2. It took them about two hours to go to the Century Park. (同义句) They _ about two hours _ to the Century Park. 3. Kate flew to Bangkok last Sunday. (同义句) Kate _ to Bangkok _ _ last Sunday. Kate _ _ _ to Bangkok last Sunday. 4. We usually walk to school. (保持句意不变) We usually go to school _ _ .5. It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot. (划线句提问)_6. They will get to the airport in three hours. (保持句意不变) They will _ _ the airport in three hours. 7. My father likes the big hamburger. (划线句提问) _8. This big blue kite is Marks. (划线句提问) _9. Toms fathers car is new. (划线句提问) _10. Mr. Ken feeds the dogs two kilos of milk every day. (划线句提问) _11. Mr. Ken feeds the dogs two kilos of milk every day. (划线句提问) _12. Mr. Ken feeds the dogs two kilos of milk every day. (划线句提问) _13. Ten boys have a computer. (划线句提问) _14. My brothers have many new stamps. (划线句提问) _15. The soft bear is mine. (划线句提问) _二、 选择题：( ) 1 Mr Green _ China for three years.A. has been to B. has come to C. has been in D. has arrived in( ) 2 Tom _ London for two years.A. had left B. has gone away C. has been away from D. had been away from( ) 3 How long _ a Party member?A. have you been B. are you C. have you become D. did you become( )4 My father isnt here now. He _Shanghai. He _ there twice. A. has gone; has been B. has gone to; has been to C. has been to; has gone D. has gone to; has been( ) 5 -Hi! Bruce. I havet seen you for three weeks.-Hi! George. I_America.A. have gone to B. went to -C. have been to D. have been in( ) 6 My uncle_ London for five years. But he will be back next year.A. went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to( ) 7 -Could I speak to Mrs Black, please?-Sorry, she _ to the library.A. is going B. has gone C. has been D. will to( ) 8 Peter is young, but he_ many foreign countries.A. has been in B. has gone to C. went to D. has been to( ) 9 _ you _ the book?A. Are; have B. Have; got C. Do; get D. Are; having( )10 _ you _ to know about the news?A. Do; must B. Will; get C. Have; had D. Do; have( ) 11 They_ finish the job by tomorrow.A. have got B. have got to C. got to D. have( ) 12 Before we got to the railway station, the train_ already.A. went out B. had gone C. has gone D. has arrived( ) 13 The film _ when I _ to the cinema.A. has begun; get B. had begun; gotC. has been on; get D. had been on; got( ) 14 The meeting_ for five minutes when I got there.A. had begun B. had been on C. has begun D. has been on( ) 15 -Lets hurry. The President is coming.-Oh, I was afraid that we_.A. already miss him B. had already missed himC. will miss him already D. have already missed him( ) 16 When I_ to the cinema, the film_ for 5 minutes.A. got; had begun B. get; will beginC. got; had been on D. got; has been on( ) 17 By the end of last term, we_over two thousand new words.A. learned B. have learnedC. will learn D. had learned三、首字母填空和阅读练习1、首字母填空：Schools in Florida may send notes to students saying that they are f_! This will certainly surprise their parents. A US h_ organization says that 13% of young children are overweight. They blame this on video games, TV and f_ food. They say the problem can lead to heart trouble and many other diseases in childrens later l_. By telling the importance of k_ their children fit, they hope to encourage better nutrition and physical exercise.2、阅读理解：In almost every big university in the United States football is a favourite sport. American football is not like Soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances to move the ball ten yards. They can carry it or throw it. I f they move it to the end of the field, they receive six points. This is called a tou