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混凝土 输送泵 液压系统 液压设计 课程毕业设计 SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计
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SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计

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SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计【优秀含16张CAD图纸课程毕业设计】

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任务书

课题名称SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计

一、课题研究的目的与主要内容

二、目的:

培养学生综合运用所学知识的能力,能够独力的解决较为简单的工程问题,树立正确的设计思想的工作作风。本课题是SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计,该课题来源于三一集团,通过课余时间参观学习和实地考察,给毕业设计提供参考。具体要求通过毕业设计使学生用所学的知识解决实际问题,培养学生理论联系实际的能力。

主要内容:

第一部分:指出混凝土泵车液压系统需要满足的技术要求。

第二部分:对泵的理论输送量、泵送混凝土额定压力、泵送能力指数进行分析,在此基础上对液压系统进行设计。

第三部分:详细说明各功能实现回路的原理。

三、基本要求

1.独立完成相关设计原理图。

2.按学院毕业设计的编写规格要求,撰写设计说明书(1~2万字)。

3.完成与设计有关的3000—5000个字的外文资料翻译,译文要求准确,语言流畅。

2.此表1式3份,学生、系、教务处各1份。

三、课题研究已具备的条件(包括实验室、主要仪器设备、参考资料)

现具有《机械设计手册》、《液压传动与气压传动》、《电子技术》、《零件设计手册》等相关资料和液压泵、液压阀等液压元件的相关资料。除了以上的资料,还有AUTOCAD、PRO/E、OFFICE等相关的绘图软件和工作软件。

内容提要

混凝土泵车作为我国工程机械的主力机种,被广泛应用于浇注混凝土施工作业中。泵车的核心技术就是液压系统的设计,由于泵车的工作条件恶劣,要求实现的动作较复杂,于是对液压系统的设计提出了较高要求,其液压系统也是工程机械液压系统中较为复杂的。因此,对泵车液压系统的分析设计对推动我国泵车发展具有十分重要的意义。

本次设计的课题是SY5190THB 25混凝土输送泵车液压系统设计,内容首先陈述了课题提出的背景,分析了泵车的发展趋势及市场需求,再对泵车的基本构造进行确定。通过对泵车液压系统总体分析设计了开式回路,制定了液压系统工作原理图和各回路液压系统工作原理图。最后完成对泵送机构进行设计与计算和配套件选型。

此设计在整体上结构布局合理,液压元件的选择和使用具有较好的经济性和实用性,并且性能方面得到了最好的发挥。

Summary

Concrete pump as the main force of China's construction machinery models, are widely used in concrete pouring operations. The core technology is the hydraulic pump system design. As the truck's poor working conditions, requested action to achieve more complex, so the design of the hydraulic system put forward high requirements, its hydraulic system in the hydraulic system is more complex. Therefore, pump hydraulic system analysis and design of the pump to promote the development of China is of great significance.

   This design issue is the design of the hydraulic system pump of SY5190THB 25,The contents of the first statement of the issues raised in the background, Analysis of the pump and market demand trends, Then the basic structure of the pump were determined. On-pump hydraulic system analysis and design of the overall open circuit, developing the work of the hydraulic system and the circuit schematic diagram of hydraulic system work. Finally completed the design and calculation of pump body and accessories selection.

  The design on the whole reasonable structure, selection and use of hydraulic components has a better economy and practicality, and performance was the best play.

目录

内容提要……… ……………………… ……………………………..Ⅰ

SUMMARY … …………… ………………………………………....…..Ⅱ

1  前言………………………… ……………………………....… .. .. 1

1.1  课题提出的背景…………… ……………………………………1

1.2  泵车的分类………………………………………….. ……. …. ..4

1.3  泵车的功用…………… …………..………………….. ….. .. .. ..6

1.4  泵车的发展趋势……………….. ……… ………….. ….. .. .. .. ..7

2  泵送机构的基本构造及工作原理……… ………… ……………. .9

2.1  混凝土泵车的基本构成………… ……………… ………. …. ...9

2.2  泵送机构……………. ………………………… …… …. …. ... .9

2.3  分配机构…………………………….. …………………. …. ....10

2.4  清洗机构………………….. ……….. ……… …………. …. ....10

2.5  料斗与搅拌机构………….. ……….. ……… …………. …. ....11

3  液压系统设计………………… …………………. …. .... …….. ..13

3.1  液压系统发展前景………………………………. ………. .......13

3.2  液压系统的设计及步骤要求……………….. …… …. …. .......14

3.3  液压系统图的拟定………………………………. ………. .......15

3.4  液压系统图的绘制………………………………. ………. .......17

3.5  液压系统动作说明………………………………. ………. .......18

4  混凝土泵缸摆动系统计算…………………………………………26

4.1混凝土泵分配阀……………………………………………………26

4.2料斗与搅拌系统……………………………………………………31

4.3管阀及摆动阻力矩设计…………………………………………..36

4.4摆动系统设计计算…………………………………..…………..41

5  液压成品件列表……………………… …….…………… .....…....45

5.1  液压阀的选择………………………………. .. ..…… .....……...45

5.2  液压元件成品列表…………………… …………. ………. .......45

总   结………………………………………………………...….…47

参考文献……………………………………………………………….48

致谢…………………………………………..…………………….…49

1 前言

混凝土泵车是输送混凝土的施工设备,具有行驶、泵送、布料三种功能为一体的一种机械设备,自带底盘和布料臂架,具有机动灵活、方便高效、安全环保施工强度低等特点,它能一次性完成水平运输和垂直运输,它安装有运动和动力传动装置、泵送和搅拌装置以及其他一些辅助装置。混凝土泵车通过动力装置的动力传给液压泵,液压泵推动活塞带动混凝土泵工作。然后利用布料机和输送管,将混凝土输送到一定的高度和距离。在作业中,混凝土泵车的动力装置的动力驱动泵送机构、搅拌机构、分配机构和臂架机构等工作装置。而液压系统作为泵车最重要组成部分,随着施工要求的提高,人们对液压系统的要求也越来越高。

参考文献

[1]  THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATIONSTRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAM ICBALANCING M ACHINE

[2]  成大先. 机械设计手册.  第四版 [M] 北京:化学工业出版社,2002

[3]  申永胜. 机械原理教程 [M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,1999

[4]  刘鸿文 材料力学. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992

[5]  贾培起. 液压缸.  北京:科学技术出版社,1987

[6]  何存兴 张铁华 液压传动与气压传动. 第二版. 武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000

[7]  机械零件设计手册编写组 . 机械零件设计手册[M] . 北京:冶金工业出版社,1979

[8]  张富洲. 机械设计课程设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1993

[9]  黄凤云.工程材料及应用[M] . 武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.10

[10] 雷天觉.液压工程手册[M] . 北京:机械工业出版社,1990

[11] 上海第二工业大学液压教研室. 液压传动与控制[M] . 北京:机械工业出版社,1993

[12] 刘鸿文,材料力学[M] .高等到教育出版社


内容简介:
1 柴油机电控燃油动力系统设计 1 EUP 控制方法 燃料喷射时时控制系统最重要的是发动机操控单元,它保障控制精度来达到 能量消耗最少的要求。 传感器的信号是来自对凸轮轴位置的检测,信号是对曲轴测量参数,即喷油量和喷油时间的关系。微型调速器 (MCU)是由计时器结构模块 (CTM)和定时处理部件 (TPU)控制的。当计时器结构模块被凸轮轴触发器中断,控制部件将为燃料供给系统作出相应的反应,集中维护模块中的曲轴信号连接定时处理部件 (TPU),集中维护模块检测出一个脉冲和齿数。如果存才 Z 个齿,那么跨度就是 360 /o z 。 脉冲式控制器由 PSP 和 PMM 相结合发出的, PSP 有两种工作方式,角 角、角 时间,在角 角工作模式中,上升沿和下降沿的输出脉冲与两者没有关系。在角 时间工作模式中,下降沿的输出脉冲取决于上升沿,其控制参数是 ANGLE1开始角和 ANGLE1 结束角。喷油时间是由 EUP 的两个参数控制。喷射时间取决于以上两个参数的位置结合。我们使用的是角 角工作模式来对发动机工作的控制。 图 1-1 逻辑控制电路控制喷射量和喷射时间图 对于喷油量和喷油时间的计算方法是保证提前角的控制精度,角度 应是个整数,并且与十六进制成比例。例如:一个距离是 010CA ,那么结果就是 00.1CA 。关于合适的燃料喷射系统,通常用下面公式表示 : 12223 6 0 /( ) / ( 1 )( ) / ( 1 2 8 )( ) / ( 1 )( ) / ( 1 2 8 )iiiididtzN t D tr t D t tN t D tr t D N t t nts 2 2 EUP 的研究 2.1 喷射时间的延迟 一个燃料喷射延迟的开始位置是由 EUP 发出的驱动信号来控制的,燃料的 喷射在一个短期内的倍增称之为喷射延迟。 EUP 是一个复杂的控制系统,由电子单元、液压、机械部件组成,所以这个延迟是三元化的。这意味着控制系统 的设计是由驱动脉冲延迟部分来对喷射量进行有效控制,延迟是由一个压电晶体传感器来控制的,它位于高压油管上,例如图 2-1,燃油喷射时间由喷射器控制,延迟在不同的发动机转速下进行试验,用延迟角表示。发动机在较高的转速下运转时则是一条非线性的曲线,发动机在低速时的曲线斜率较大。 图 2-1 喷射延迟波形 2.2 喷油量和发动机转速 在一定的时间内,喷射到气缸的燃油取决于压力变化和燃料的比率。因为后者燃料的回收取决于泄压阀和公式 2-1: 002dCm C A P P ( 2-1) dC是燃油回流系数,0A是表面积,0P是在出口或在出口之前的输出压力,CP是燃料在装有可调节弹簧的空值杆上的作用力。当发动机转速上升到较高的压力时,监测口处的德操纵杆上的力是静止不变的,它以较高的比率反馈到燃料模块上,另一项重要的就是压差数值是管内的压力滞后,这个时间间 隔会使发动机长时间地高速运转,从而使燃油回流增加,在图 2-2 中,燃料喷射量的增加同燃料供给角、高转速的最低位置的计算、燃料喷射持续时间成线性关系,并且大于对低速的要求。fcm是每个喷射循环的喷油量。 nts 3 图 2-2 发动机转速与喷射量图 2.3 喷油定时 喷油定时的作用是控制发动机燃料经济性和动力性的关键,有效的喷油时间就是燃料时间滞后一个供给角,单位压力燃油泵的变化率可以表示为式 2-2: 1TPd m d hpAV d t d t ( 2-2) T为燃料弹性模量, h 为喷油量的增量,PA为燃油管的体积和横截面,等式中如果全部的参数是唯一不变的,喷油量的上升速度会影响压力的变化。使用一个斜率为常数的凸轮轴作为驱动轮,燃料供给角的增加量则开始线性变化。从图2-3 中可以得到燃料喷射量是线性增加的,这条曲线在不同的喷射时间下不会改变。 图 2-3 喷油时间与喷油量 3 实验研究 测试工作已 经在一个四气缸的涡轮增压柴油机上完成了。 众所周知,超高压喷射系统的 EUP 可以满足欧洲 II排放标准,有的甚至可nts 4 以满足欧洲 III 排放标准。对喷射系统 EUP 的校准工作是非常重要的,其关键部分是喷油时间,即燃料的经济性和动力性,在 1300r/min, 32N/m 的工况下进行试验得到了这些数据,从喷射角开始,在燃油经济性和排气温度变化很小的情况下检测检测 NO 的浓度是否增加,减少 NO 的浓度是一个趋势,而且喷射起始角越小,燃料燃烧效果就越好。反之,尾气排放、燃油经济性和排气温度就会越差。 根据这种规律我们绘制出了燃油喷 射图(图 3-1)。图中表示了发动机转速升高时,喷射角开始增加,所以混和气控制装置的工作时间也会增加,当负荷减少时,喷射角则相应减小,发动机转速下降到 1400r 1800r/min 时,这种图谱则适应重型柴油机的燃料喷射规律。 图 3-1 燃油喷射图 工作的第一步是绘制出载荷曲线,我们发现喷射脉冲与供给角呈线性关系,功率在喷射时间上可以自由控制,根据此种规律绘制出了满载负荷时和极限功率曲线图 3-2 图 3-2 满载负荷时和极限功率曲线图 考虑到速度稳定性,首先让硅 油离合器停止工作,使燃油经济性达到10 /g kw h ,甚至超过这个数值。高压持续喷射时间相应减少,在此我们可以得nts 5 到极限角 030CA 的额定点,喷射延迟性是对高速柴油机包括重负载柴油机在内都是有很大帮助的。时时校准工具 CUCSA 对额定功率曲线、燃油速度的调节、扭矩储备系数都可以自由地控制,因为不同的工作状况都是适用的。在不同的燃料喷射时间内都是可以人为控制。总之,发动机控制系统可以在不同的速度范围内进行控制。 4 结论 以上的研究是以 下面三个条件为基础进行研究的。 1,根据柴油机 EUP 来设计发动机燃油喷射量进行实时控制,按照发动机动力装置传递,控制系统中的诸多参数。 2,燃油喷射时间图谱和发动机功率峰值性能曲线的完成,可以精确的控制曲柄转角达到 01CA nts 6 Electronic Unit Pump Diesel Engine Control Unit Design forIntegrated Powertrain System An integrated powertrain system means that the engine and the transmission should be treated as a whole Both design method and control system deve1opment should be organized together. Generally, the best engine working points are chosen as the gearshift moment for either vehicle fuel economy or power performance On the other hand, some researches have focused on active engine control during gear shifting. In this paper a powertrain composed of an electronic unit pump(EUP) diesel engine and an electronic automatic transmission(EAT) is studied The controller of both the power unit and the transmission wil1 be developed and calibrated to make the engine and the transmission work rightly To implement the operation mentioned above, as a power unit the EUP diesel engine is suitable because its injection quantity and timing are freely controllable Based on these, some properties of the engine can be user-defined, such as the peak power curve, speed regulate mode, torque reserve coefficient etc which is quite useful for the integrated contro1 1. EUP Control Method The fuel injection quantity and timing control are the most important aspects to engine control unit While the control precision is guaranteed, the resource of the system shouldnt be expended much The sensor mounted on the camshaft is used for stroke judgement The signal from crankshaft is the measure reference mark of both fuel quantity and timing Configurable timer module (CTM)and time processor unit(TPU)of the micro-controller unit (MCU)are utilized When a CTM interrupt is triggered by the camshaft, it means that the compress stroke will come and the control unit should prepare for fuel supply The crankshaft signal is connected to a channel of TPU that uses the PMM function The PMM function detects a missing transition and marks the teeth number If there exists z teeth, the span is obviously 360 /o z The control pulse is generated by PSP function combining with PMM The PSP has two operating modes: angle-angle and angle-time. In angle-angle nts 7 mode, the rising and failing edges of the output pulse are determined independently of each other In angle-time mode, the failing edge of the output pulse is determined in reference to the rising edge The control parameters are ANGLE1 (start angle), RATIO1(multiple ratio1). The injection duration is decided by the last two parameters combined with the former part We use angle-angle mode that is similar to the engine working process The algorithm of injection quantity and timing is the best technique to guarantee the control accuracy The angle number is an integer and the ratio is the proportion of 080(hexadecima1) For example, if the span is 10 CA the resolution will be 0.1 CA, which is good enough for fuel injection system The detailed deduction could be expressed as: 12223 6 0 /( ) / ( 1 )( ) / ( 1 2 8 )( ) / ( 1 )( ) / ( 1 2 8 )iiiididtzN t D tr t D t tN t D tr t D N t t 2 EUP Properties Research 2 1 Injection Time Delay There exists a time delay of fuel injection At the point of start of injection(SOI), a drive signal is imposed on the EUP The fue1 wil1 be injected after a short period Td that is called delay As the EUP is a compound system, which is composed of electric, hydraulic and mechanical components, so that the delay also has those three elements3. This is quite meaningful for control system design for the nts 8 drive pulse minus the delay part is effective for fuel quantity contro1 We get the delay by means of a piezocrystal sensot, which is mounted on the high-pressure fuel pipe near the injector As shown in Fig.2, in the wave-form of pipe vibration there is a saltation point, at that time the fuel has been delivered to the injector. We test the delay at different engine speeds, which has clearly shown the relationship of delay angle vs engine speed. It is a nonlinear curve that the slope is big at lower engine speed and is getting small as the engine goes to a higher speed 2 2 Fuel Quantity and Engine Speed 2 2 Fuel Quantity and Engine Speed In a definitely period of time, the fuel quantity delivered to the cylinder is decided by both the pressure change rate and the backward fuel mass rate For the latter the fuel return is treated assembly as a pressure relief valve and we have where dCis the flow coefficient of the return orifice;0Ais its section area; Po is the pressure before the orifice or we call it upstream pressure; Pc is the fuel return control pressure by which the backward fuel flow rate through a spring is controllable When the engine speed goes higher the pressure before orifice increases while the return control pressure is still changeless This will make the backward fuel mass rate higher The other important thing is that the phenomenon of pressure hysteresis which is the pressure drop in the pipe costs time The time span even will go longer as the engine speed goes up, which also makes the return fuel increase Here we meter the fuel by the crank angle, so we have the test results in Fig.3 In Fig.3 the nts 9 fuel quantity increases linearly with the fuel supply angle and the high speed one in the low position means for the same fuel injection duration the fuel mass under lower speed is more than that under higher speedfcmrefers to the fuel quantities per cycle. 2 3 Injection Timing Injection timing is critical for engine control considering that it affects both the fuel economy and emission performance We also investigate the effect of injection timing on the fuel quantity under the same supply angle The pressure change rate of the unit plunge pump is expressed as 5. where T is the isothermal elastic modulus of the fuel; h is the lift of the plunge while V and pAare their volume and cross section area From the equation we can tell that if the mass change rate is invariable only the plunge lift speed will affect the pressure change rate Here we use a constant slope profiled camshaft as the drive So as the fuel supply angle increases the fuel quantity will change linearly and fuel injection timing will have no effect on the fuel quantity for no matter where injection starts We got this in Fig.4 from which it is nts 10 clearly shown that the fuel quantity is linearly increased and different injection time curves cannot change this trend As a result, such a kind of camshaft will make the control unit design easier Meanwhile to meet the more stringent emission regulations, the cam profile maybe need some change for good injection rate shaping This is still in researching 3 Experiment Research Experiment research has been done on a fourcylinder turbocharged diesel engine It is known that the super high pressure injection system EUP has a potential to satisfy EURO emission standard and even to meet EURO The calibration work of the system is important So at first, an injection timing map is made point by point considering both fuel economy and emission property A certain working state(1400r/mm, 320N/m)is selected to sample this The angle of start injection is added step by step and it is found that NO emits more while fuel economy and exhaust temperature change less. That will decrease the emission to the opposite trend, but the angle could not be too small that will make the fuel burning after the TDC. If this happened both the fuel economy and exhaust temperature will be worse According to this rule we make a fuel injection timing map Fig 5 shows that the start injection angle will increase when the engine speed goes up; this is just because the mixture preparation and burning time will be long The loads have less effect compared with the speed and we only suspend the angle in middle load area and 1400-1800 rmin engine speed This is so called common use area of heavy diesel engine in nts 11 EURO II test procedure First we work some part load curves out We find that the injection pulse is linear with the supply angle and the power equably while the injection timing angle can be operated freely Finally we make the full load or the peak power curves in Fig.6 For the speed stabilization consideration we invalidate the fan silicon clutch, which will make the fuel economy 10g (kwh) more than the actual value The high pressure makes the injection duration less We can see the maximum angle is 30 CA of the rated point including injection delay that property is beneficia1 to future high speed and heavy duty diesel engine By the online calibration tool-CUCAS (common used calibration system) we have developed the rated power curve, the slop of speed regulate, the torque reserve coefficient can be defined freely for different purposes of use For the fuel injection timing can be controlled, as you want at any points, all this make the integrated control meaningfu1 In other words,the active control of engine during transmission period promotes the quality of gearshift itself nts 12 4 Conclusions Based on all the research work mentioned above, we have the following conclusions 1 Mounting the EUP on the diesel engine would make the engines fuel quantity and timing contro11able As it is used as the power unit of the integrated powertrain, more parameters can be operated 2 Mounting the EUP on the diesel engine would make the engines fuel quantity and timing control 1able As it is used as the power unit of the integrated powertrain, more parameters can be operated References: 1 Hong Keum Shik, Yang Kyung Jinn, Lee Kyo-II An object oriented modular simulation model for integrated gasoline engine and automatic transmission controlR SAE 1999 01 0750, 1999 nts 13 2 Pettersson Magnus, Nielsen Lars Gear shifting by engine controlJ IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2000, 8(3): 495 507 3 Zhang Jingguo, Chen Bing, Wang Zhi gang, et a1 Experimental research on performance of great flow rate and high speed solenoid valve used for electronically controlled diesel engineJ Transactions of CSICE, 2003。 21(3): 252 256 (in Chinese) 4 Liu Bolan Electronic unit pump diesel engine control system research and development based on RTOS theory D Beijing: School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 2003 (in Chinese) 5 Duleba G S, Ginsburg C W , Harrison J E Hydraulic system modeling, steady-state analysis simulation and control system analysis using a lumped mass approachM s 1 :s n , 1994 1 11 6 Mori K Worldwide trends in heavy Duty diesel engine exhaust emission legislation and compliance technologies R SAE 970753, 1997 nts 附件 3 邵阳学院毕业设计(论文)任务书 年级专业 2007 级 机械设计制造及自动化 专业 学生姓名 姚吉武 学 号 0741125328 课题名称 SY5190THB 25 混凝土输送泵车 液压系统设计 设计 (论文 ) 起止时间 2010 年 11 月 15 日至 2011 年 6 月 5 日 课题类型 工程设计 课题性质 真实 一、 课题研究的目的与主要内容 目的: 培养学生综合运用所学知识的能力,能够独 立 的解决较为简单的工程问题,树立正确的设计思想的工作作风。本课题是 SY5190THB25 混凝土输送泵车 液压系统设计 ,该课题来 源于三一集团,通过课余时间参观学习和实地考察,给毕业设计提供参考。具体要求通过毕业设计使学生用所学的知识解决实际问题,培养学生理论联系实际的能力。 主要内容: 第一部分: 指出 SY5190THB 25 混凝土输送泵 车液压系统需要满足的技术要求 。 第二部分:对泵的理论输送量、泵送混凝土额定压力、泵送能力指数进行分析,在此基础上对液压系统进行设计。 第三部分:详细说明各功能实现回路的原理。 二、 基本要求 1.独立完成相关设计图纸 (03 A) 。 2.按学 院毕业设计的编写规格要求,撰写设计说明书( 1 3 万字)。 3.完成与设计有关的 3000 4000 个字的外文资料翻译,译文要求准确,语言流畅。 注: 1 此表由指导教师填写,经系、教研室主任审批生效; 2 此表 1 式 3 份,学生、系、教务处各 1 份。 nts 三、课题研究已具备的条件(包括实验室、主要仪器设备、参考资料) 现具有机械设计手册、液压
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