【创新设计】高考英语总复习 214第四章非谓语动词课件（江苏专用）.ppt

第四章非谓语动词 一 不定式1 不定式作主语不定式可直接放在句首作主语 有时也用it作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式放在后面 以避免头重脚轻 保持句子结构的平衡 例1 englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome a studyb beingstudiedc studiedd tostudy答案d 例2 itismyhonor heretospendsometimewithyou a tobeinvitedb invitingc beinginvitedd toinvite答案a 2 不定式作表语不定式作表语 通常说明或解释主语的内容 也可表示将来的动作 例3 thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult a notmakingb notmakec nottomaked tonotmake答案c 例4 todaymyjobis alltheflowersinthegarden a waterb havingwateredc towaterd watered答案c 3 不定式作宾语英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语 这类动词有 want wish hope expect agree decide learn pretend ask promise plan refuse beg demand manage offer prepare claim struggle等 例5 weagreed here butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet a havingmetb meetingc tomeetd tohavemet答案c 例6 whenhisfathercameback theboypretended hishomework a doingb todoc doned tobedoing答案d 例7 thechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatihadtostruggle a tobeheardb tohearc beingheardd hearing答案a 4 不定式作宾补 1 有些动词 短语 后面常接带to的不定式作宾补 这类动词有 consider get remind advise allow ask beg encourage force invite expect order permit persuade require want warn wish teach cause tell command callon counton relyon dependon longfor waitfor wouldlike等 但hope suggest agree demand arrange等动词后不能接sb todosth 结构 例8 wecan tcountonamanlikejim usthenecessaryhelp a togiveb givingc tobegivend given答案a 2 有些动词 主要是感官动词和使役动词 它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补 如 see notice observe feel hear have make let等 但如果是在被动语态的句子中 就要用带to的不定式作主补 例9 myparentshavealwaysmademe aboutmyself evenwheniwastwelve a feelingwellb feelinggoodc feelwelld feelgood答案d 5 不定式作定语 1 不定式用在thefirst thesecond thelast theonly等短语后面作定语 例10 johnwasthelastman dinnerinourfamily a tobeinvitedforb tobeinvitedtoc invitedford invitingto答案b 2 不定式作定语 与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系 thenexttraintoarrivewasfromnewyork 主谓关系 itwasagametoberemembered 动宾关系 例11 thatistheonlywaywecanimagine theoveruseofwaterinstudents bathrooms 2010 上海 a reducingb toreducec reducedd reduce答案b 6 不定式作状语 1 作原因状语 不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语 例12 wewereastonished thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition 2010 辽宁 a findingb tofindc findd tobefind答案b 2 作目的状语 不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾 但为了加强语气 也可用 soastodo 或 inordertodo 结构作目的状语 inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾 soasto一般不置于句首 例13 withfather sdayaroundthecorner ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank presentsformydad 2010 全国 a buyb tobuyc buyingd tohavebought答案b 例14 losehisjob tomkeptquietabouttheaccident a inordertonotb inordernottoc tonotd soasnotto答案b 3 作结果状语 具体形式是 too adj adv todo意为 太 而不能 adj adv enough todo意为 足以 only justtodo表示出乎意料的结果 例15 doyouthinkyouarebraveenough bungeejumping a tryingb intryingc totryd andtry答案c 例16 hehurriedtothestation only thetrainhadleft a findingb foundc tofindd find答案c 4 用于 主语 be 形容词 不定式 结构 该结构中的形容词有 easy difficult hard comfortable fit convenient pleasant等 不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系 不定式常用主动形式 且不定式必须是及物动词 例17 thearmchairisverycomfortable a tositb tositinc sittingind forsittingdown答案b 例18 wefoundtheexercisedifficult withoutthehelpoftheenglishteacher a tobedoneb todoc todoitd ofdoing答案b 7 疑问词 不定式 结构此结构相当于名词的功能 即作主语 宾语 表语等成分 不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式 疑问词须作不定式的相应成分 例19 it snousehavingideasonly don tworry petercanshowyou toturnanideaintoanact 2010 辽宁 a howb whoc whatd where答案a 例20 thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures tofindthemurdererassoonaspossible a totakeb tobetakenc takend beingtaken答案a 例21 iwasmadetowritealetterinenglish butidon tknow a whattowriteaboutb howtobeginwithc howtowriteaboutd whattobegin答案a 8 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的 如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 用不定式的一般式 如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 用不定式的完成式 不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言 如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者 用不定式的被动式 例22 thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofliuxiang whowasreported theworldrecordinthe110 meterhurdlerace 2007 辽宁 a breakingb havingbrokenc tohavebrokend tobreak答案c 例23 manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing buttheone firstisthelibrary 2010 重庆 a repairedb beingrepairedc repairingd toberepaired答案d 二 动名词动名词主要起名词的作用 在句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 一般不作状语 有各种形式的变化 1 动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语 有时也用it作形式主语 把真正的主语 动名词放在后面 注意 nouse nogood作表语时 真正的主语常用动名词 一般不用不定式 例24 inmymind thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld classwriter a attendingb attendedc attendd havingattended答案a 例25 itisnouse withhimatthistime a talkb totalkc talkingd talked答案c 2 动名词作宾语 1 有些动词 短语 后面要求跟动名词作宾语 常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有 mind finish enjoy excuse imagine keep practice suggest miss consider prevent appreciate advise avoid allow admit delay escape permit forbid can thelp 情不自禁 feellike keepon giveup lookforwardto devote to getusedto payattentionto befondof beworth等 例26 hedidn tfeellike soshesuggested anenglishletterrightaway a reading practisingwritingb reading practisingtowritec reading topractisewritingd toread practisingtowrite答案a 例27 tomenjoys basketballonsundayafternoons doesn the yes hedoes butwhathissisterenjoys a toplay dancingb playing todancec toplay todanced playing istodance答案d 例28 thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed a catchingb tobecaughtc beingcaughtd tocatch答案c 2 在havedifficulty trouble aproblem ahardtime fun agoodtime in 动名词 bebusy in 动名词 wastetime in 动名词 thereisnopoint in 动名词等结构中 动名词作介词in的宾语 in常可省 例29 ihadgreatdifficulty thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant 2010 上海 a findb foundc tofindd finding答案d 例30 robertisindeedawiseman oh yes howoftenihaveregretted hisadvice a totakeb takingc nottotaked nottaking答案d 三 分词分词在句中可用作表语 定语 补语 状语等 1 分词作表语分词作表语具有形容词的功能 说明主语的性质或特征 现在分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系 意为 令人 的 主语通常是物 过去分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系 意为 感到 的 主语通常是人 例31 thiscomputergamewas andthechildrenwere init a interesting interestingb interested interestedc interesting interestedd interested interesting答案c 例32 shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself buthervoicestillsounded a excitementb excitedc excitingd excitedly答案b 2 分词作定语现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前 作前置定语 也可放在所修饰的词之后 相当于一个定语从句 过去分词作定语时 一般置于所修饰的名词之后 其意义相当于一个定语从句 例33 i mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition inyesterday schinadaily 2010 北京 a advertisedb tobeadvertisedc advertisingd havingadvertised答案a 例34 thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat 2010 浙江 a beingweighedb toweighc weighedd weighing答案d 3 分词作宾补常跟分词作宾补的动词有 catch have get keep hear find feel leave make notice observe watch等 例35 alexandertriedtogethiswork inthemedicalcircles 2010 辽宁 a torecognizeb recognizingc recognized recognized答案d 4 分词作状语分词可作时间状语 原因状语 伴随状语 结果状语等 例36 lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock suppliestoyushu qinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake 2010 福建 a sendingb tosendc havingsentd tohavesent答案a 四 难点速通难点1 不定式to后的内容省略的问题为了避免重复 like love try want hope hate wish beglad happy等后面必须有to 但to后面的动词常省略 但如果to后是be或have时不省 例37 howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow verymuch a i llliketob i dliketoc i dliked i lllikeit答案b 例38 didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee no theydidn t butithinkioughtto a b bec haved havebeen答案d 难点2 with复合结构 with 宾语 非谓语动词 是一种特殊的结构 可以在句中作定语或状语 例39 thelivingroomiscleanandtidy withadiningtablealready foramealtobecooked 2010 山东 a laidb layingc tolayd beinglaid答案a 难点3 remember forget regret后接动名词和不定式的区别后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作 后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作 例40 thelightintheofficeisstillon oh iforgot a turningitoffb turnitoffc toturnitoffd havingturneditoff答案c 例41 haveyouforgotten arulerfrommike pleaseremember ittohimtomorrow a borrowing toreturnb borrowing returningc toborrow toreturnd toborrow returning答案a 例42 youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother yes iregret withhim a quarrellingb quarreledc toquarreld havequarreled答案a 难点4 want need require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时 用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式 例43 ineed therebybike butsomethingiswrongwithmybike itneeds a going beingrepairedb togo repairingc togo torepaird go toberepaired答案b 例44 hedeserves a promotedb promotec tobepromotedd topromote答案c 难点5 在try stop mean goon can thelp后 用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同 1 trydoingsth 试着做某事 trytodosth 努力做某事 2 stopdoingsth 停止做某事 stoptodosth 停下来做某事 3 meandoingsth 意味着做某事 meantodosth 打算做某事 4 goondoingsth 继续做某事 即 再做原来做着的那件事 goontodosth 接着做另一件事 即 做与原来不同的一件事 5 can thelpdoingsth 情不自禁做某事 can thelp to dosth 不能帮助做某事 例45 try atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor a knockb toknockc knockingd tobe