液压传动和传动油课程毕业设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  1 fluid driven and transmission oil Former statement fluid transmission is including gas (pressure) transmission and liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission into liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission and fluid Nien transmission. Hydraulic transmission based on the interior market, the pressure to be able to impart impetus liquid; Hydraulic transmission based on Oula equation to the liquid changes to the short wheel drive transmission; For Newton, Nien transmission fluid friction law, the sticky liquid to impart dynamism to. Hydraulic transmission is the basic hydraulic components and hydraulic Bianjuqi coupled device. Hydraulic coupled devices is a fundamental component of a number of radial plane leaves, a work of the pump and turbine round. Hydraulic transmission oil in the work of the cycle of high-speed mobile transmission power, oil pumps round her so involved with the campaign because centrifugal force role do centrifuge campaign from pumps round (and imported axis) and to absorb mechanical energy into moment of momentum (mVR) incremental, high-speed Yeliu round water from the pump to the heart to do turbine flow release moment of momentum. promote turbine (and export axis) rotation, work-driven plane (and load) homework. Hydraulic Bianjuqi basic components are pumps round, and the turbine-round, they are a space (bending) leaves work round by the work of a relevant order. Hydraulic transmission oil pumps were working round the turbine mix for incremental Ye Liu was moment of momentum, after transfer-round water turbine Yeliu direction after the release of moment of momentum (kinetic energy) to promote the work of the turbine-driven rotary rush.  My hydraulic components in the development of faster, 2003 hydraulic coupled devices produced about 70,000 National Taiwan. Widely used for Daishishusongji, rail carriers, ball mill, air-compressors, compressors, pumps and fuel pumps, and other equipment, transmission, improve transmission quality and energy conservation. My hydraulic 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  2 coupled with the current maximum output rotational speed for 6500r/min, minimum power to 0.3kW, the maximum power to 7100kW. Hydraulic trend is coupled with a high rotational speed and power.  International hydraulic coupled device products to the most famous German Fuk under special company, according to information that has reached 20000r/min rotational speed and power to 55000kW products, which are still visible in considerable gap. Of course, the power of the big oil hydraulic components for hydraulic transmission requirements higher. Hydraulic Bianjuqi mainly for engineering machinery, machinery and diesel oil. Hydraulic Bianjuqi main internal combustion engine with matching applications, the scope of its rotational speed in 20003000r/min. Mechanical engineering applications more, the greatest power 700HP about output about 70,000 Taiwan. Oil machinery applications less power to 1500HP. Diesel applications less power up 3000HP.  Nien transmission fluid is a liquid transmission doors emerging disciplines in the country are still at an infancy stage. Because liquid Nien transmission products (such as fluid mechanics using Nien) and hydraulic transmission products (such as governor-hydraulic coupled device) Notwithstanding the different nature, but because of similar performance and the same purposes (governor energy), in a number of technical activities (such as the formulation of development plans, standards, technology management, orders, and other activities) are regarded as the same type, with the hydraulic industry commonalities, it is another chapter on the work of its product mix and transmission oil.  First, the performance characteristics of the oil and hydraulic transmission hydraulic transmission oil development not only as a transmission medium for work, but also to provide lubrication bearings and gear while the carrier is further bad fever, heat away. Hydraulic transmission oil is a complex and require specialized research topics, which is directly related to the reliability of hydraulic components, 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  3 transmission efficiency and service life. Should arouse the attention of extensive in-depth study. Hydraulic transmission oil should meet the following requirements : 1、 A suitable low-viscosity liquid viscosity, liquid indicate friction within small, mobile resistance small loss may reduce hydraulic components hydraulic losses; But lubricant sealed perspective, the viscosity can not be too low. Provide lubrication and therefore should meet the requirements of sealed premise as a low-viscosity liquid to improve hydraulic components transmission efficiency. Wen Xing Nien also called liquid than for the high-temperature or low-temperature, and still maintain an effective lubricant sealed.  2、 A greater emphasis on the hydraulic components for the moment and the power transmission and liquid working for the re-direct, it is liquid-degrees the higher the better.  3、  The performance can have a stable bubble, aging and sedimentation. 4、  Suanzhi sealed pieces to be neutral to low, and a good compatibility, not dwell inflation, not dissolved, the non-corrosive metal.  5、 A higher flash point and lower congeal point hydraulic components work Youwen change significantly, sometimes up to 160 degrees, and therefore require flash point higher than 180 degrees, and congeal point lower than -20 degrees, low-temperature environment for the benefit of the start-up of hydraulic components.  6、 A good lubricant performance liquid sufficient greasiness to the good parts in the surface material, a good lubricant.  At present, and hydraulic transmission applications work more liquid types, among all oil-based products, has used the water or other liquid Nanran (coal mine explosion and fire in defense applications). Domestic hydraulic components commonly used 6th hydraulic transmission oil (also useful 8th hydraulic transmission oil), and sometimes to 22 turbine fuel substitution. Diesel oil is dedicated to the life of not less than 2,000 hours and 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  4 for the initial operation of new equipment installed oil after 100 hours and 500 hours of the first, second formula, can still be used after the filter.  Is one of the following situations, the need to replace the new oil : Water content greater than 0.2%; 50 degrees in the new oil viscosity higher than 6% mounted; Mechanical impurities (benzene Burong objects) to reach 0.2%; A high lipid intake or Suanzhi; Excessive bubble effects transmission power. More articles on the diesel-hydraulic transmission oil outside the oil will definitely reference value.  Second, Transmission and hydraulic oil brands in (slightly)  Third, Fluid Nien transmission of the oil transmission fluid requirements may Nien Tien National Petroleum Corporation December thickness operational changes are divided into two categories : one category is in operation slick thickness constant fluid Nien transmission, such as silicone oil slick thickness using fans is fixed, changes in the operational work of the degree to which oil-exporting rotational speed. Another operation is slick thickness is variable fluid Nien transmission, such fluid Nien Nien transmission products including fluid mechanics using, liquid Nien brakes, fluids Nien dynamometer, fluid Nien shaft coupling, fluid mechanics Nien devices. Current applications are more fluid mechanics using Nien, fluid mechanics devices and silicone oil Nien fans Clutch.  1、  Fluid mechanics using Nien and transmission oil fluid mechanics using Nien through its owners, driven friction between the film to a number of oil transmission power, relying on the apparent effectiveness initiative friction films "draw" driven friction with the direction of rotation films, transmission moment with oil viscosity, two films - "goes bad" proportional, and with oil thickness (films gap) negatively. Initiative friction films and imported axle and power machine linked to the importation of rotational speed as constants. Driven friction films and the work associated with the export of axle, and the output rotational speed with control pressure changes, spherical tank pressure control, a slick film 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  5 thinning, export rotational speed rise, and vice versa. When the control pressure enough, the owners, driven friction films together into the transmission straight. When sufficient pressure control small owners, driven films from friction, zero export rotational speed. Nien in fluid mechanics using rotational speed than 0>1 change from the process of film-friction conditions showing a liquid friction "(a mechanical liquid) mixed friction" (purely mechanical) border friction. Therefore fluid mechanics using Nien are in the process of separation-state governor, the state governor and the state face. Work in fluid liquid is the role of transmission Nien transmission power, heat dissipation and cooling lubricant should have the following functions : (1) the appropriate viscosity. (2) is a good lubricant performance (greasiness and very pressurised nature). (3) a good oxidation insecurities. (4) higher than the thermal capacity and higher heat conductivity. In addition to the above requirements, but also work with rustproof liquid role, anti-bubble capacity, congeal points lower, flash point should be high, not volatile, non-toxic. Nien currently made in China fluid mechanics using more oil as a hydraulic transmission work on the 8th of liquid. The domestic fluid mechanics using a TL - Nien and HC type rated rotational speed mostly 1500r/min, individual 3000r/min. 75kW power transmission smallest, the largest of 1100kW. Fluid mechanics starts with the mechanics of hydraulic Nien coupled devices, are in the rotational speed electrical driven downward in the low-speed, power and small, inefficient. To this end in fluid mechanics using input Nien before or after the installation of vertical transmission-export, or to meet with the power machine and the matching machine work, so a new device - liquid Nien governor devices. 2、 Fluid mechanics devices Nien current production and application of two different structures liquid Nien governor devices, a category is the U.S. Philadelphia drove parallel axle fluid production company Nien governor devices into rotational speed 1785r/min exporting rotational speed 5000r/min, transmitting power to 5200kW. My hill Xian too Salih 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  6 coal mine in the smaller Daishishusongji specifications. Oil is brought by the United States of its transmission. Baoding propeller factory design, produced with structurally similar products. Another is the United States Dodge (Dodge) companies CST fluid mechanics devices Nien, it is in Park pillar gear - planetary reducer round of the robustness of the export-round, and export axis (connecting the Sun round), in parallel with export large Chijuan fluid mechanics using Nien (driven friction films fixed), start-up liquid separation Nien governor in the state starts (idling), gradually increasing pressure control, when his transmission torque and the torque equivalent output bearings, export axle (with load) started turning and continue to increase the pressure until the joint control of the situation, the export axle assume full power output. CST fluid mechanics device known as Nien large Daishishusongji soft start system in the country's major coal Daishishusongji already applied. CST series products, the importation of rotational speed 1483r/min, rated slowdown than to 15.3857.66, transmitting power scope 7023115kW. CST series of products supplied by the United States dedicated hydraulic transmission oil.  3、  Silicone oil producing fans with liquid silicone oil work of the fan clutch, driven plate with a 78-98 derby leaves, the two derby leaves mutual alternate inserted, a number Park derby gap (oil), use these links, the sticky oil to impart momentum. The process of routing thickness unchanged through changes Chongyou volume and the size of the area to exploration by sheared governor.  Engine in the appropriate temperature can be higher fuel efficiency, overheating is not too cold. Automotive firm to offer fans of silicone oil and engine linked driven sites linked with the fans, for liquid silicone oil viscosity larger. On temperature devices for cooling water to control the rear airflow temperature feelings Chongyou volume. When the engine cooling water temperature low, the air currents temperature low temperature equipment made Chongyou small amount of oil sheared 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  7 small size, transmission moment small, low rotational speed fans for the engine cooling capacity low. Conversely, when the engine cooling water temperature is high, the fans rotational speed is high, awareness of the engine cooling effect. This will allow a regular in the most appropriate temperature. Fuel efficiency, noise small, extended engine life.  Silicone oil used silicone oil is a fan using synthetic lubricants, not petroleum refining come from. It is the semi-organic silicon polymers or copolymer, containing duplicate silicon modules for yuan oxygen machine backbone, and the silicon atoms along the chain, replace clustering levonorgestrel, the general chain-guns. To meet the prescribed performance requirements, availability of different organic polymers to replace the base elements or the size of the adjustment (that is, to change its molecular weight), to change its viscosity or acquire other properties. Silicone oil depends on the physical properties of polymer molecular structure, such as molecular weight, organic genetic types and quantity, location and length of extension chain. In the liquid oil thickness constant use silicone oil Nien transmission of the main reasons is that it has a high viscosity, good performance and strong resistance Nien Wen sheared capacity.  Silicone oil can be used in all types of vehicles using fans, currently our applications are mainly jeeps, and other vehicles Beijing 130. Motor oil production plant with Beijing and Changchun First Automobile Works Bengchang units. 邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  8 液压传动和传动油  流体传动包括气体 (压 )传动和液体传动，液体传动分为液压传动、液力传动和液粘传动。液压传动基于帕卡定律，以液体的压能来传递动力 ；液力传动基于欧拉方程，以液体动量短的变化来传递动力；液粘传动基于牛顿内摩擦定律，以液体的粘性来传递动力。  液力传动的基本元件是液力偶合器和液力变矩器。液力偶合器的基本构件是具有若干径向平面叶片的、构成工作腔的泵轮和涡轮。液力传动油在工作腔里高速循环流动传递动力，油液随从泵轮做牵连运动的同时因受离心力作用而做离心运动，从泵轮 (及输入轴 )吸收机械能并转化为动量矩 (mVR)增量，高速液流从泵轮冲入涡轮做向心流动释放动量矩，推动涡轮 (及输出轴 )旋转，带动工作机 (及负载 )做功。液力变矩器的基本构件是泵轮、涡轮和导轮 ，它们均是具有空间 (弯曲 )叶片的工作轮，按相关顺序排列构成工作腔。液力传动油在工作腔中被泵轮涡轮搅动，使液流获得动量矩增量，经过导轮调转液流方向后冲入涡轮，释放动量矩 (动能 )推动涡轮带动工作机旋转做功。  我国液力元件近年发展较快， 2003 年液力偶合器的全国年产量约 7 万台。广泛应用于带式输送机、刮板输送机、球磨机、风机、压缩机、水泵和油泵等设备的传动中，提高传动品质并节约能源。当前我国液力偶合器的最高输出转速为6500r/min，最小功率为 0.3kW，最大功率为 7100kW。液力偶合器的发展趋势是高转速、大功 率。  国际上液力偶合器产品以德国福依特公司最为著名，据资料称已有转速达20000r/min、功率达 55000kW 的产品，可见我国与之尚有相当大的差距。当然，功率大的液力元件对液力传动油的要求较高。液力变矩器主要用于工程机械、石油机械和内燃机车。液力变矩器主要与内燃机匹配应用，其转速范围在 20003000r/min。工程机械应用较多，最大功率 700HP 左右，年产量约 7 万台。石油机械应用较少，功率达 1500HP。内燃机车应用更少，功率高达 3000HP。  液粘传动是液体传动一门新兴学科，在我国尚处于起步阶段。由 于液粘传动产品 (如液粘调速离合器 )与液力传动产品 (如调速型液力偶合器 )虽有本质上的不同，但由于有相似的性能和相同的用途 (调速节能 )，在若干技术活动 (如制订发展规划、标准、技术管理、订货活动等 )中均被视为同一类型，与液力行业有共性，故本文另辟章节介绍其产品结构和传动用油。  邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  9 一、液力传动油的性能特点及发展   液力传动油作为工作介质不仅传递动力，而且还用以润滑轴承和齿轮，同时又是滑差热的载体，带走热量。液力传动油是一个复杂而需专门研究的课题，它直接关系到液力元件的可靠性、传动效率和使用寿命。应引起人们的重 视，展开广泛深入的研究。   液力传动油应能满足以下要求：   1、要有适宜的粘度   液体粘度低，表明液体内摩擦小，流动阻力损失小，可减少液力元件的液力损失；但从润滑密封角度考虑，粘度不能过低。因此应在满足润滑和密封要求前提下，尽量采用粘度低的液体，以提高液力元件传动效率。同时要求液体粘温性要好，以便在高温或低温时仍能保持有效的润滑和密封。   2、要有较大的重度   由于液力元件传递的力矩和功率与工作液体的重度成正比，故液体重度越高越好。   3、性能稳定   不易产生泡沫、老化和沉淀。   4、酸值要 低   对密封件应是中性，有良好的相容性，不泡胀，不溶解，对金属无腐蚀作用。   5、要有较高的闪点和较低的凝点   液力元件工作时油温变化幅度很大，有时可达 160，因此要求闪点要高于180，而凝点要低 -20   6、要有良好的润滑性能   液体要有足够的油性，能很好的粘附在零件表面上，起到良好的润滑作用。   目前，国内外液力传动应用的工作液体种类较多，除各种石油基产品外，也有采用清水或其它难燃液体的 (煤矿井下为防引燃爆炸而应用 )。国内液力元件通常采用 6 号液 力传动油 (也有用 8 号液力传动油的 )，有时以 22 号汽轮机油替代。   内燃机车有专用油，要求使和寿命不小于 2000 小时，要求新设备装油初次运行100 小时和 500 小时之后进行第一、第二次换油，进行滤清后仍可使用。   属下列情况之一时，需要更换新油：   含水量大于 0.2%时；   在 50时的粘度比新油高出 6 厘沲时；   邵阳学院毕业设计（英文原文）  10 机械杂质 (苯不溶物 )达到 0.2%时；   出现水溶性酸碱或有高的酸值时；   泡沫过多影响传动功率时。   以上各条对内燃机车专用油以外的液力传动油也有一定的参照价值。   二、国内外液力传动油的品牌对照（略 ）   三、液粘传动对传动油的要求   液粘传动可按运行中油腊厚度是否变化分为两大类，一类是在运行中油膜厚度始终不变的液粘传动，如硅油风扇离合器油膜厚度是固定的，运行中变化工作腔中油液充满程度以调节输出转速。另一类是运行中油膜厚度是可变的液粘传动，这类液粘传动产品包括有液粘调速离合器、液粘制动器、液粘测功机、液粘联轴器、液粘调速装置。当前应用较多的是液粘调速离合器、液粘调速装置和硅油风扇离合器。   1、液粘调速离合器与传动油   液粘调速离合器通过其主、从动摩擦片间的若干油膜来传动动力，依靠油液的 粘性主动摩擦片“拉着 "从动摩擦片同方向旋转，传递力矩与油液粘度、两片间“滑差 "成正比，而与油膜厚度 (片间隙 )成反比。主动摩擦片及输入轴与动力机相联，输入转速可视为常量。从动摩擦片及输出轴与工作机相联，输出转速随控制压力而变化，球状油缸的控制压力大，则片间油膜变薄，则输出转速升高，反之亦然。当控