情态动词 讲义 -.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家龙文教育个性化辅导教案讲义 任教科目：英 语授课题目：情态动词 年 级：高 一任课教师：陈双莲授课对象：李颖婕武汉龙文个性化教育 常 青 校 区 教研组组长签字： 教学主任签名： 日 期： 武汉龙文教育学科辅导讲义授课对象李颖婕授课教师陈双莲授课时间2013年 月 日授课题目情态动词课 型新 授使用教具讲义、白纸、笔教学目标1. 使学生熟练掌握情态动词的特点与用法。2. 培养学生对英语的综合运用能力及做题技巧。3. 培养学生良好的英语学习习惯和学习态度。教学重点和难点1态动词在各种句式中的应用2“情态动词+have+过去分词”用法参考教材普通高中课程标准实验教科书 教学流程及授课详案一、情态动词的特点:1.没有人称和数的变化。2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化:e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared二、情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (NMET 97 )A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)A. I mustntB. I cantC. I needntD. I wont 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _?A. does heB. doesnt heC. will heD. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、.。(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7. ought to 应该; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praiseB. ought be praisedC. ought to have praisedD. ought to be praised8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dareB. needsC. wantsD. is allowed9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ?- No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not四 “情态动词+have+过去分词” 情态动词+完成式（即情态动词+have+过去分词）是高中英语教材中经常出现的动词结构，也是高考试卷非常青睐的项目之一，频频出现在高考试题中。请看以下高考题：1、（07陕西）-Where is my dictionary？ I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _ it in the wrong place.A must put B should have put C might put D might have put分析答案选D.你可能放错地方了 might have done可能做过2、（06江西）The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A should have taken B could have takenC neednt have taken D mustnt have taken分析答案选C.昨天天气晴好，我本不需要带伞。Neednt have done 本没必要做的，结果却做了那么，如何掌握它的用法呢？情态动词+完成式有时表示对过去或已发生事情的推测，有时表示与过去事实相反的假设以表达后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪。不同的情态动词与动词完成式连用可表示不同的含义，究竟选用哪个情态动词，是推测还是假设，需要结合不同情态动词的基本概念和具体的上下文语境进行分析。现将相关要点叙述如下： （一）must+完成式：表示对过去或已完成行为有把握的推测，意为：一定过；一定已经，仅用于肯定陈述句中。例如：1） I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. （MET1989）A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been didnt提示出是过去时态，因此选择B. 2） Where is my pen？I must have lost it.（二）can/could+完成式：1. 肯定式（could）表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为：本来能够/可以.例如：3） -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh， did you？ You _ with Barbara. （NMET1998）A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed解析： A.本可以和Barbara住在一起，没必要住旅店4） He went on foot， but he could have gone there by bus.他走着去的，但他本可以坐汽车的。2. 否定式表示对过去情况的推测，意为：决不会；决不可能.例如：5） -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. （NMET1995）A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been分析答案选D 不可能是很舒服的。有were提示说明发生在过去。6） My sister met him at the Grant Theatre yesterday afternoon， so he _ your lecture. （2000上海高考）A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended分析答案选A.不可能去听演讲了。3. 疑问式表示对过去情况的推测或怀疑。例如：7） Can/Could they have completed their work so soon？8） There is no light in the room. Can/Could he have gone out？（三）may/might+完成式：1. 肯定式表示对过去情况的推测，意为：可能已经，might表示的可能性比may更加微弱，口气更加委婉。例如：9） The room is dark； I think he may have gone to bed.10） You may have noticed that the afternoon sun on a winters day is low on the horizon.请比较：He may not have said so.（他也许没有这样说过。）He cant have said so.（他不可能这样说过。）2. might+完成式也可表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为：本来可以.例如：12） He _ you more help， even though he was busy. （MET1990）A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give分析答案选A.本可以给予你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。13） Yesterday， Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise， she _ something she could regret later. （NMET1996）A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said分析答案选A.walked说明是过去发生的，所以选择情态动词完成式（四）should/ought to+完成式：表示与过去事实相反的假设。肯定式表示本来应该做而未做，否定式表示本来不应该做而做了.例如：14） I told Sally how to get here， but perhaps I _ for her. （NMET1994）A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out分析答案选C.本应该给她写下来15） I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. （NMET2001）A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave分析答案选B.本不应该不吱声就离家16） Oh， Im not feeling well in the stomach， I _ so much fried chicken just now. （上海2002）A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat分析答案选C.本不应该吃那么多的炸鸡五、would+完成式：常在虚拟条件句中出现。表示与过去事实相反的假设。例如：17） -If he _， he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. （NMET1993）A. was warned； would not take B. had been warned； would not have takenC. would be warned； had not taken D. would have been warned； had not taken分析答案选B.这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。要求：ifhad done，主语would/could/should +have done18） You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn， you _ so tired. （NMET1996）A. drove； didnt get B. drove； wouldnt getC. were driving； wouldnt get D. had driven； wouldnt have got分析答案选D.道理同上。 （五）neednt+完成式：表示做了不必做的事情，意为：本不必；本不需要.例如:19） There were plenty of time. She neednt have hurried.20） You neednt have phoned me just now.随堂演练：（从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）1） -I wonder why they are late. -They _ the train.A. could miss B. might miss C. must have missed D. cant have missed2） He _ the examination _ he wasnt careful enough.A. would pass； because B. could have passed； ifC. should have passed； but D. had passed； so3） Without his help, we _ such rapid progress.A. didnt make B. dont make C. would not make D. would not have made4） There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come， but why didnt you？A. must have B. ought to have C. should D. need have5） We _ the manager， but no one _ his telephone number.A. could have called； knew B. could call； had knownC. could have called； had known D. could call； knew巩固提高( ) 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _ it.A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost( ) 3. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see( ) 4. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( ) 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented( ) 6. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give( ) 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb( ) 8. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be( ) 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( ) 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. must B. should C. need D. would( )11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study( ) 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A.