镧离子与酸雨对大豆幼苗生长、光合作用与叶绿体超微结构的综合影响.docx

Kejia Wen, Chanjuan Liang, Lihong Wang, Gang Hu, Qing Zhou. Combined effects of lanthanumion and acid rain on growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in soybean seedlingsJ. Chemosphere,2011, 84(1):601608.Combined effects of lanthanumion and acid rain on growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in soybean seedlings镧离子和酸雨对大豆幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿体超微结构的综合影响AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) have been accumulated in the agricultural environment. Acid rain is a serious environmental issue. In the present work, the effects of lanthanum ion (La3+) and acid rain on the growth, photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in soybean seedlings were investigated using the gas exchange measurements system, chlorophyll fluorometer, transmission electron microscopy and some biochemical techniques. It was found that although the growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings treated with the low concentration of La3+ was improved, the growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were obviously inhibited in the combined treatment with the low concentration of La3+ and acid rain. At the same time, the chloroplast ultrastructure in the cell of soybean seedlings was destroyed. Under the combined treatment with the high concentration of La3+ and acid rain, the chloroplast ultra-structure in the cell of soybean seedlings was seriously destroyed, and the growth and of photosynthesis were greatly decreased compared with those of the control, the single treatment with the high concen-tration of La3+ and the single treatment with acid rain, respectively. The degree of decrease and destruc-tion on chloroplast ultrastructure depended on the increases in the concentration of La3+ and acid rain (H+). In conclusion, the combined pollution of La3+ and acid rain obviously destroyed the chloroplast ultrastructure of cell and aggravated the harmful effect of the single La3+ and acid rain on soybean seed-lings. As a new combined pollutant, the harmful effect of REEs ions and acid rain on plant should be paid attention to.表一：La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗5中生长指标的影响a 数值表示三种样本平均值b 数值表示标准偏差c 同一行中P 0.05时显著不同图1：La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗的净光合速率的影响。用不同字母表示其在 P 0.05时的显著不同。图2：（A）La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗叶绿素含量的影响。（B）La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗希尔反应活性的影响。在P 0.05时显著不同。图3：（A）La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗初始荧光的影响。（B）La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗PSII光化学量子效率 Fv/Fm最大化影响。（C）La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗PSII反应效率 PSII 的影响。在P 0.05时显著不同。（图4：(A)大豆幼苗在不施加La3+和酸雨条件下，透射电镜术下叶绿体超微结构图像；(B)施加0.08mmol L-1La3+作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(C)施加1.20mmol L-1La3+作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(D)施加pH=3.5酸雨作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(E)施加pH=4.5酸雨作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(F)施加0.80mmol L-1La3+和pH=4.5酸雨共同作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(G)施加0.80mmol L-1La3+和pH=3.5酸雨共同作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(H)施加1.20mmol L-1La3+和pH=4.5酸雨共同作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像；(I)施加1.20mmol L-1La3+和pH=3.5酸雨共同作用下，透射电镜术下大豆幼苗的叶绿体超微结构图像。ChM：叶绿体膜，CW:细胞壁，PM:质膜，SG：淀粉颗粒，OS：锇，Th：类囊体，G:叶绿体基粒。ConclusionsIn conclusion,the low concentration of La in soil improved the growth of soybean seedings,while the low concentration of La3+ had a potential threat to the growth of soybean seedings under acid rain. The combined toxic effects of La3+ and acid rain were stronger than that of the single pollution of La3+ and acid rain. The relationships among chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthesis and growth of soybean seedings were discussed in detail. However, some key questions are still unclear and need to be further investigated. Firstly, the combined effect of La3+ and acid rain on the photosynthesis in soybean dark reaction in soybean seeding is unclear. Secondly, the changing trend of the growth and photosynthesis in soybean seedings with the treating time of La3+ and acid rain is still unclear. Thirdly, it has been reported that the response of plants, but the response of soybean to La3+ and acid rain during the different growth stages is unclear. Fourthly, the response of the other physiological processes, such as the antioxidative system, respiration and glucose metabolism is unclear. Finally, the low concentration of La3+could alleviate the toxic effect of acid rain on the growth of soybean seedings. The result was in agreement with some reports, and was contrary to other reports. The different results might be related with the experimental materials, the growth stage of plants, the treatment method of REEs, etc., and it could be investigated in future.摘要稀土元素（REE）已在农业环境累积。酸雨是一个严重的环境问题。在目前的工作中，利用气体交换测量系统，叶绿素荧光仪、透射电子显微镜和生化技术，调查La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿体超微结构的综合影响。结果发现，虽然低浓度的La3+处理大豆幼苗生长光合作用提高了，但是低浓度La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗生长和光合作用显著抑制。同时，大豆幼苗细胞内的叶绿体超微结构遭到破坏。在高浓度La3+和酸雨联合作用下，大豆幼苗细胞的叶绿体超微结构破坏严重，且分别与高浓度La3+的和酸雨相比，大豆幼苗生长、光合作用显著降低。叶绿体超微结构破坏程度和减少，取决于La3+和酸雨（H+）浓度增加。总之，酸雨和La3+复合污染对细胞的叶绿体超微结构破坏比单La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗的危害严重。作为一种新的复合污染，我们要注意稀土离子和酸雨对植物的危害。关键字镧 酸雨 大豆 成长 光合作用 协同影响结论土壤中低浓度的La3+促进大豆种子生长，然而在酸雨条件下，低浓度的La3+对大豆种子的成长可能存在潜在的威胁，La3+和酸雨的协同毒害作用比单个La3+或者酸雨的毒害作用要强，大豆幼苗的生长、光合作用和叶绿体超微结构已在上述详细讨论。然而，一些主要的问题现在还不是很明确还需进一步研究。第一，La3+和酸雨对大豆幼苗的光合作用暗反应影响还不清楚。第二，La3+和酸雨对大豆种子的施加时间不同，对其生长和光合作用的影响不清楚。第三，据报道植物对环境压力的影响取决于其生长阶段，但是La3+和酸雨对大豆的不同生长阶段的影响不清楚。第四，像抗氧化系统、呼吸作用和葡萄糖代谢其他生理过程不清楚。最后，低浓度的La3+能减轻大豆种子生长过程中酸雨的毒害作用。这种结果与一些报道一致，也与一些报道相悖。这些不同的结果可能与实验材料，植物生长阶段，稀土元素的处理方法等因素有关，这些将在以后研究中体现。ReferencesAbdeshahian, M., Nabipour, M., Meskarbashee, M., 2010. 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