现在完成时讲解(2).ppt

现在完成时 现在完成时是由助动词have has 过去分词构成其否定句在have has后加not 一般疑问句把have has提到主语前 动词的过去分词 规则变化 和过去时一样 不规则变化 基本结构 am is was beenare were beenbegin began begunbreak broke brokendo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfly flew flownforget forgot forgottengive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhide hid hiddenknow knew knownlie lay lainride rode riddenring rang rungshow showed shownsee saw seensing sang sungspeak spoke spokentake took takencome came comerun ran runbecome became become 1表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 wouldyoulikesomebread No thanks Ihavejusthadmybreakfast 对现在的影响 不饿 常用副词just 刚刚 already before yet 一般疑问 已经 否定句 还 never ever Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore Haveyoueverriddenahorse Shehasalreadyfinishedthework Haveyoumilkedthecowyet Yes Ihavedonethatalready I vejustfinishedmyhomework Hehasnotcomeyet 2 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态 通常和for 一段时间 since 时间点 引导的时间状语连用 以及sofar inthelasttenyears bynow thesedays 等连用 Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears Hehasworkedheresince1989 Ihaven tseenherthesedays ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years since3yearsago Theyhavelivedheresince1990 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelast10years 注意点一 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响 一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去 现在完成时属于现在时态范围 因此 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday lastnight twoweeksago等牢记 when不与现在完成时连用 PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish A 火车已经开走了 B 什么时候开走的 A 半个小时之前开走的 2 A 你看过这部电影吗 B 看过 A 什么时候看的 B 上周星期天看的 A Thetrainhasleft B Whendiditleave A Itlefthalfanhourago A Haveyouseenthefilm B Yes Ihave A Whendidyouseeit B IsawitlastSunday 注意点二 非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句 疑问句中不能与时间段连用 这些动词是 become begin buy borrow arrive come die fall finish gettoknow go join leave marry等 为了表述这种意思 我们常用相应的延续性动词have keep等来代替非延续性动词 电影开始五分钟了 Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes 瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换 come go be in leave beawayborrow keepbuy havedie bedeadgettoknow knowbegin beongoout beoffgoout beoffarrive behere theremarry getmarried to bemarried to begintowork study live work study leavefallasleep gettosleep beasleepjointheParty beintheParty beamemberof 1 Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks 2 Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes ABC ABC Bkept Bbeenon 3 这辆自行车我买了两年了 I ve thebike twoyears 4 HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago He Nanjingfortwoyears 5 Themonkeydiedlastmonth Themonkey foramonth hadfor hasbeenawayfrom hasbeendead 1 have has beenin表示 在某地 多长时间 现在仍在那里 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 Mr BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays 布朗来上海已经有三天了 TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears 他们到加拿大有五年了 2 have has beento表示 曾经去过某地 现在已经不在那里了 可与just ever never等连用 例如 MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall 玛丽从未去过长城 Have has beento后面可接次数 表示去过某地几次 例如 Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes 他们去过那个村庄好几次了 3 have has goneto意为 到某地去了 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 总之 说话时该人不在现场 例如 WhereisTom Hehasgonetothebookshop 他到书店去了 注意点三 havebeenin havebeento havegoneto 1 MyparentstheGreatWalltwice Theylikethereverymuch 2 youevertotheHappyvalley HowlongPetertheWestHillfarm Mysistertheshop Shewillbebackintwohours SheShanghai Sheisn there SheShanghaifortwoyears hasgoneto havebeento Have beento has beenin hasgoneto hasbeenin 注意点四 since的用法1since 具体的过去时间since2008sincelastSunday agosincetwoyearsago 句子 过去时 2Itis hasbeen 一段时间 since从句 自从某事发生已有一段时间了 Itis hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy 当堂巩固 Willyougoshoppingwithmenow Sorry Ican t I myshirts AwashBhavewashedCwashedDamwashing 2008威海 当堂巩固 Howlonghaveyou themagazine Aboutaweek 2008济宁 AfoundBborrowedCreceivedDhad you thefilmHarryPotter5 Notyet IwillseeitthisSunday 2008重庆 ADid seeBAre seeingCHave seenDDo see 当堂巩固 HowisAnn I herforalongtime Adon tseeBwon tseeCdidn tseeDhaven tseen 2008河北 Hasn tBettycomeyet No andI forherfornearly2hours AwaitBwaitedChavewaitedDhadwaited 当堂巩固 IsMrBakerathome 2008辽宁省十二市 Sorry heisn tin He Dalianforvacation AhasgoneBwentCisgoingDgoesMrZhangisateacherofrichexperience He Englishfor20years 2008大连 AhastaughtBwillteachCteachesDtaught 当堂巩固 Howmanytimeshaveyou toXi an Threetimes 2008天水 AbeenBwentCgoneDgoIwon tforgetmyteacherbecauseshe sokindtomesinceIcametothisschool AhasbeenBwillbeCwasDis 2008陕西 当堂巩固 IwillreturnthebooktoMary butIcan tfindheranywhere she theteacher soffice Youcanfindherthere 2008云南 AhasleftBwasawayfromChasgonetoDhasbeentoYouhave mydictionaryfortwoweeks Sorry Iwillgiveitbacktoyourightnow AlentBborrowedCkept 2008南充 当堂巩固 you outtheproblem Sam Notyet butIamgoingto 2008咸宁 ADid workBAre workingCHave workedDWill work WhatareyougoingtodothisSaturday I yet 2008烟台 Ahaven decidedBwon tdecideCamnotdecidedDdidn tdecide 当堂巩固 Howlong thefilm whenyougotthere AhasbegunBhadbegunChasbeenonDhadbeenon 2008罗田 MrGreen Beijingsincethreeyearsago AhascometoBwenttoChadlivedinDhasbeenin 2008涿鹿 当堂巩固 He ourschoolfortwoweeks 2008青海 AleftBhasleftChasbeenawayfrom Myfather Shanghaiwithmy 2008常州 grandparents Really willtheycomeback Ahasbee